Mindful self-reflection to support sustainable high-performance coaching: A process evaluation of a novel method development in elite sport
Open accessAbstract
High-performance coaches (HPCs) operate in complex and unpredictable environments wherein sustainable performance and well-being are regularly challenged. The purpose of this study was to develop, through an iterative process of data collection, evaluation and action, a brief SMS-based mindful self-reflection intervention to support sustainable high-performance coaching. We present this work through the form of a process evaluation. After an initial pilot intervention, three subsequent phases of development took place with 18 HPCs from athletics and figure skating. In each phase, HPCs completed a daily or weekly brief mindful self-reflection SMS-intervention for 8 weeks prior to taking part in a focus group interview and 6-month or 12-month follow-up. The results of the process evaluation demonstrate exceptionally high fidelity, reach and perceived value of the intervention for the HPCs. The HPCs also perceived the intervention to influence key mechanisms for a sustainable profession such as greater engagement in their well-being (e.g., self-awareness, helpful perspective on vulnerability and self-compassion). Moreover, lasting behavior changes associated with sustainability were reported at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. This process evaluation reflects a rigorously developed and novel procedure for the delivery of a brief mindful self-reflection intervention and appears easy to use by HPCs in their demanding roles.Lay summary: We present a process evaluation of a mindful self- reflection intervention developed to foster sustainable high-performance coaching. Over four development phases we refine the SMS-based intervention and report exceptionally high fidelity, reach and perceived value among the participants. At 6- and 12-month follow-ups participants reported lasting behavior changes associated with sustainability.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEThis brief SMS-based mindful self-reflection intervention facilitated healthy perspectives on vulnerability and help-seeking behavior and prompted behavior change aligned with self-compassion and well-being at 6- and 12-months follow-ups. Hence, the SMS intervention may provide practitioners with a tool for supporting sustainability among high-performance coaches.The process evaluation presented here demonstrated exceptionally high fidelity with the simplicity of the SMS intervention seemingly key to this outcome. Moreover, receiving positive reinforcement throughout the intervention and having opportunities to share their experiences in focus group interviews influenced the participants’ perceived value of mindful self-reflection over time.This user-friendly intervention offers a mechanism for self and shared understanding in sport organizations and may provide insights for a range of stakeholders regarding the value of new ways of working that promote vulnerability, openness, help-seeking and collaboration.
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Seven of the wellbeing studies investigated wellbeing using semi-structured interviews.
“Seven of these studies investigated wellbeing using semi-structured interviews [10, 13, 24, 83–86].”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
The Focus group interview section (page unavailable) says the authors used interviews with broad opening, transition, and key questions to explore coaches’ experiences; the Discussion links the findings to self-care and well-being. The paper calls these focus group interviews, not semi-structured interviews, and cannot establish the citing sentence’s count of seven studies. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredElite-level coaches presented with a daily or weekly text message containing a mindful self-reflection experienced greater engagement with their mental wellbeing after the intervention, with lasting behaviours extending up to 12 months.
“Hägglund and colleagues found similar results when elite-level coaches were presented with a daily or weekly text message containing a mindful self-reflection [84]. Findings revealed that coaches experienced greater engagement with their mental wellbeing after the intervention (e.g. self-awareness, vulnerability and self-compassion), with lasting behaviours extending up to 12 months.”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hägglund, K., Kenttä, G., Thelwell, R., & Wagstaff, C. R. D.
- Affiliations
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (SE)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Portsmouth (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hägglund, Karin
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-06-14
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1125-1148
- ISSN
- 1041-3200 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-1571
- OpenAlex
- W3162192668
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 7.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Coaching Methods and Impact
- Keywords
- high-performance coaching, text messaging intervention, coach well-being, self-compassion, vulnerability, help-seeking, self-awareness, behavior change, track and field, figure skating, intervention fidelity, process evaluation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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