Dimensions of depressive symptoms and smoking cessation
Open accessAbstract
Because different psychopathologic components of depressive symptoms may have distinct etiologies, examining their differential effects on smoking cessation may elucidate mechanisms underlying the smoking-depression relationship. Negative affect (NA), somatic features (SF), low positive affect/anhedonia (PA), and interpersonal disturbance (IP) have been identified as unique dimensions of depression that can be measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). This study examined common and unique associations between CESD subscales and baseline smoking characteristics, nicotine withdrawal, and relapse in 157 participants enrolled in a smoking cessation trial for heavy social drinkers. Each dimension was univariately associated with negative and positive reinforcement smoking motives. Only SF had unique relations with tolerance smoking motives and univariate associations with nicotine dependence severity. Only PA predicted cessation-related changes in withdrawal symptoms on quit day. Analyses predicting abstinence at 8, 16, and 26 weeks post quit date showed that NA, SF, and PA each univariately predicted relapse, ps< or =.0083. Only low PA predicted poorer outcomes incrementally to the other dimensions, even when controlling for level of nicotine dependence, smoking frequency, and history of major depression, p = .0018. Interventions targeting anhedonia and low positive affect may be useful for smokers trying to quit.
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Low levels of positive affect predict poorer smoking cessation outcomes beyond the effects of negative affect measures.
“Varenicline’s effects on positive affect may also be clinically important, as low levels of positive affect predict poorer outcomes following smoking cessation, beyond the effects of negative affect measures (48).”
From Varenicline improves mood and cognition during smoking abstinence (2009) · cites this paper as [48]
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From An online positive affect skills intervention reduces depression in adults with type 2 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [36]
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“In addition, evidence suggests that specific symptoms of depression such as anhedonia and low positive affect predict relapse at follow-up (Leventhal et al., 2008).”
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- Authors
- Leventhal, A., Ramsey, S., Brown, R., LaChance, H., & Kahler, C.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- National Jewish Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leventhal, Adam
- Venue
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 507-517
- ISSN
- 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2650807
- OpenAlex
- W2060663534
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA15534, R01DA015534)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depressive symptoms, smoking cessation, negative affect, somatic symptoms, positive affect, anhedonia, interpersonal problems, nicotine withdrawal, relapse, nicotine dependence, smoking motivation, abstinence
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Smoking, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Tobacco Use Disorder, Comorbidity, Treatment Refusal, Smoking Cessation, Secondary Prevention
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