Internet-based exposure treatment versus one-session exposure treatment of snake phobia: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract
In this study, the authors compared guided Internet-delivered self-help with one-session exposure treatment (OST) in a sample of snake phobic patients. A total of 30 patients were included following a screening on the Internet and a structured clinical interview. The Internet treatment consisted of four weekly text modules which were presented on a web page, a video in which exposure was modelled, and support provided via Internet. The OST was delivered in a three-hour session following a brief orientation session. The main outcome was the behavioural approach test (BAT), and as secondary measures questionnaires measuring anxiety symptoms and depression were used. Results showed that the groups did not differ at post-treatment or follow-up, with the exception of a significant interaction for the BAT in favour of the OST. At post-treatment, 61.5% of the Internet group and 84.6% of the OST group achieved a clinically significant improvement on the BAT. At follow-up, the corresponding figures were 90% for the Internet group and 100% for the OST group (completer sample). Within-group effect sizes for the Snake Phobia Questionnaire were large (d = 1.63 and d = 2.31 for the Internet and OST groups, respectively, at post-treatment). It is concluded that guided Internet-delivered exposure treatment is a potential treatment option in the treatment of snake phobia, but that OST probably is better.
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Two Randomized Controlled Trials in Sweden for animal phobia compared in vivo exposure to a self-help ICBT with text modules and videos with guidelines to carry out exposure therapy in daily lives.
“Regarding studies focused only on specific phobias, two Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) were conducted in Sweden for animal phobia (Andersson et al., 2009, Andersson et al., 2013). In them, in vivo exposure was compared to a self-help ICBT with text modules and videos with guidelines to carry out the exposure therapy in their daily lives.”
From An Internet-based treatment for Flying Phobia using 360° images: Study protocol for a feasibility pilot study (2021) · cites this paper as Andersson et al., 2013
Only two studies with self-help Internet-based programs for specific phobias have been published, one on spider phobia and one on snake phobia.
“only two studies with self-help Internet-based programs have been published, one on spider phobia [37] and one on snake phobia [38].”
From An Internet-based treatment for flying phobia (NO-FEAR Airlines): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as [38]
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MethodZandieh, S., Abdollahzadeh, S. M., Sadeghirad, B., Wang, L., McCabe, R. E., Yao, L., Inness, B. E., Pathak, A., Couban, R., Crandon, H. N., et al. (2024) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.230274 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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BackgroundInternet-Delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
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“Later when we began doing trials on the internet we included a behavioural approach test in studies on specific phobia (e.g., Andersson et al., 2013).”
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A literature Review of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Japan
Matsumoto, K. (2022) · Anxiety Disorder Research · doi:10.14389/jsad.14.1_29
Andersson, G., & Berger, T. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394259229.ch20
- Authors
- Andersson, G., Waara, J., Jonsson, U., Malmaeus, F., Carlbring, P., & Öst, L.-G.
- Affiliations
- Linköping University (SE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Andersson, Gerhard
- Venue
- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 284-291
- ISSN
- 1650-6073 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2316
- OpenAlex
- W2030862098
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- snake phobia, guided self-help, anxiety symptoms, depression, phobia treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Animals, Female, Humans, Implosive Therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Self Care, Snakes, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Treatment Outcome, Remote Consultation, Internet
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