Therapist-supported internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy yields similar effects as face-to-face therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Providing therapist-guided cognitive behaviour therapy via the Internet (ICBT) has advantages, but a central research question is to what extent similar clinical effects can be obtained as with gold-standard face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). In a previous meta-analysis published in this journal, which was updated in 2018, we found evidence that the pooled effects for the two formats were equivalent in the treatment of psychiatric and somatic disorders, but the number of published randomized trials was relatively low (n=20). As this is a field that moves rapidly, the aim of the current study was to conduct an update of our systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of ICBT vs. face-to-face CBT for psychiatric and somatic disorders in adults. We searched the PubMed database for relevant studies published from 2016 to 2022. The main inclusion criteria were that studies had to compare ICBT to face-to-face CBT using a randomized controlled design and targeting adult populations. Quality assessment was made using the Cochrane risk of bias criteria (Version 1), and the main outcome estimate was the pooled standardized effect size (Hedges' g) using a random effects model. We screened 5,601 records and included 11 new randomized trials, adding them to the 20 previously identified ones (total n=31). Sixteen different clinical conditions were targeted in the included studies. Half of the trials were in the fields of depression/depressive symptoms or some form of anxiety disorder. The pooled effect size across all disorders was g=0.02 (95% CI: -0.09 to 0.14) and the quality of the included studies was acceptable. This meta-analysis further supports the notion that therapist-supported ICBT yields similar effects as face-to-face CBT.
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Over the past two decades, diagnosis-specific internet interventions have been thoroughly investigated, with moderate to large effects.
“over the past two decades, diagnosis-specific internet interventions have been thoroughly investigated, with moderate to large effects [9].”
From Transdiagnostic and tailored internet intervention to improve mental health among university students: Research protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
The Overall description of study inclusion and Discussion (pages unavailable) document diagnosis-specific internet-based CBT trials spanning 2005–2022 and a substantial body of research. But the Analysis of treatment effects measures internet-based CBT against face-to-face CBT (pooled g=0.02); it does not establish the claimed moderate-to-large effects of internet interventions. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMeta-analytic studies have shown no differences between online and face-to-face CBT.
“Meta-analytic studies have shown that there are no differences between online and face-to-face CBT (Hedman-Lagerlöf et al., 2023).”
From Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a blended transdiagnostic group CBT for the treatment of emotional disorders (2025) · cites this paper as Hedman-Lagerlöf et al., 2023
Internet interventions have shown treatment effects for CBT that are equivalent to face-to-face treatment for diagnosis-specific depression, anxiety, and a variety of other conditions.
“One way to lower the threshold for access to such treatment is to offer internet interventions, which have shown treatment effects for CBT that are equivalent to face-to-face treatment for diagnosis-specific depression, anxiety, and a variety of other conditions [9].”
Therapist-guided internet-based CBT has demonstrated effects comparable to traditional face-to-face CBT, including for PD.
“Therapist‐guided internet‐based CBT (ICBT) has demonstrated effects comparable to traditional face‐to‐face CBT, including for PD (Hedman‐Lagerlöf et al. 2023; Pauley et al. 2023).”
From Internet‐Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With Interoceptive Exposure for Panic Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Working Alliance Analysis. (2026) · cites this paper as Hedman‐Lagerlöf et al. 2023
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Self-citationSapkota, R. P., Valli, E., Wilhelms, A., Adlam, K., Bourgeault, L., Heron, V., Dickerson, K. C., Nugent, M., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11152135 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“However, none of these studies were specific to PDEGs [82].”
BackgroundBerman, A. H., Topooco, N., Lindfors, P., Bendtsen, M., Lindner, P., Molander, O., Kraepelien, M., Sundström, C., Talebizadeh, N., Engström, K., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-07986-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“To summarize, over the past two decades, diagnosis-specific internet interventions have been thoroughly investigated, with moderate to large effects [9].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMide, M., Mattiasson, J., Norlin, D., Sehlin, H., Rasmusson, J., Ljung, S., Lindskog, A., Petersson, J., Saavedra, F., & Gordh, A. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1243826 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rajeshkumar, L., Mishkind, M., Coleman, J. J., Pahwa, M., LaPreze, D., Solenske, S., & Wright, J. H. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000815 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Boberg, J., Kaldo, V., Mataix‐Cols, D., Crowley, J. J., Roelstraete, B., Halvorsen, M., Forsell, E., Isacsson, N. H., Sullivan, P. F., Svanborg, C., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069427 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Daga, G. A., Taverna, A., & Martini, M. (2023) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-023-01579-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Drüge, M., Guthardt, L., Haller, E., Michalak, J., & Apolinário-Hagen, J. (2024) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_11 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Technology-based cognitive behavioral therapy interventions
Newby, J. M., Upton, E., Mason, E., & Black, M. (2024) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2024.02.004 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nomeikaitė, A., Geležėlytė, O., Berger, T., Andersson, G., & Kazlauskas, E. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100686 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The internet has changed the way we approach mental health care by enabling innovative internet-delivered treatments that can be just as effective as traditional face-to-face therapy (Hedman-Lagerl ¨ of et al., 2023).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationSapkota, R. P., Valli, E., Dear, B. F., Titov, N., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1270543 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bragesjö, M., Ivanov, V. Z., Andersson, E., & Rück, C. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2320607 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Melillo, A., Perrottelli, A., Caporusso, E., Coltorti, A., Giordano, G. M., Giuliani, L., Pezzella, P., Bucci, P., Mucci, A., Galderisi, S., et al. (2024) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1770 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“One study investigated the efficacy of a multidisciplinary intervention that included individual and group-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) [91 – 95], individual and group-based cognitive training, and PE training during a 5-week stay in a rehabilitation facility in 80 subjects [52].”
BackgroundKwek, S. Q., Yeo, T. M., Teo, J. Y. C., Seah, A. C. W., Kai Ning, J. P., & Wang, W. (2025) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvaf084 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Aminoff, V., Bobeck, J., Hjort, S., Sörliden, E., Ludvigsson, M., Berg, M., & Andersson, G. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100662 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationInnovating CBT and Answering New Questions: the Role of Internet-Delivered CBT
Andersson, G. (2023) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-023-00199-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationPedersen, S. S., Skovbakke, S. J., Skov, O., Carlbring, P., Burg, M. M., Habibović, M., & Ahm, R. (2023) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-023-01867-w · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMolander, O., Berman, A. H., Jakobson, M., Gajecki, M., Hällström, H., Ramnerö, J., Bjureberg, J., Carlbring, P., & Lindner, P. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/54754 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The iCBT has been shown to be effective for a wide range of psychiatric as well as somatic disorders, where effects have shown equivalence to face-to-face delivered CBT [16].”
Self-citationEffectiveness of digital interventions for eight mental disorders: A meta-analytic synthesis
Harrer, M., Miguel, C., Tong, L., Kuper, P., Sprenger, A. A., Furukawa, Y., Wang, Y., van Ballegooijen, W., Čihařová, M., Panagiotopoulou, O. M., et al. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100860 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationKulke, J. K., Fuhrmann, L. M., Berking, M., Ebert, D. D., Baumeister, H., Derfiora, A., Veldhouse, A., & Weisel, K. K. (2025) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/j.landig.2025.100923 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rautio, D., Andrén, P., Gumpert, M., Jolstedt, M., Jassi, A. D., Krebs, G., Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., Lundgren, T., Serlachius, E., Mataix‐Cols, D., et al. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100688 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Schmidt, M., Schoenenberg, K., Engelkamp, J. E., Staufenbiel, T., Martin, A., Ebert, D. D., & Hartmann, A. S. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06797-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Internet-based CBT (iCBT) may represent a suitable way to address these needs, as it has been shown in a recent meta-analysis to result in comparable effect sizes as face-to-face CBT [20], with therapist guided interventions showing superior results to automatic guided interventions [21].”
Faurholt‐Jepsen, M., Kyster, N. B., Dyreholt, M. S., Christensen, E. M., Bondo-Kozuch, P., Lerche, A. S., Smidt, B., Knorr, U. B., Brøndmark, K., Cardoso, A.-M. B., et al. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07625-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Scott, A. J., Hathway, T., Bisby, M. A., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100778 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Šipka, D., Lopes, R. D. C. T., Krieger, T., Klein, J. P., & Berger, T. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000542425 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Over the past decade, research on ICBT has increased rapidly, demonstrating the ef fi cacy of this novel format for various mental disorders through numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses [20, 21].”
Strid, C., Lindfors, P., Andersson, C. R., & Berman, A. H. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01230-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“This treatment step would require fewer resources than face-to-face treatment and could reach more students [55].”
Maltoni, J., Neufeld, C. B., Aminoff, V., & Andersson, G. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100854 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Clinician-supported ICBT has shown similar effectiveness to face-to-face CBT (Hedman-Lagerl ¨ of et al., 2023) and is cost-effective (Andersson et al., 2019b; Richards et al., 2020), making it a viable tool to bridge the treatment gap and improve access to mental health care.”
Self-citationBeyond the Heart: The Significance of Depression in Cardiac Surgery
Stenman, M., Jackson, V., Särnholm, J., Falk, A. S., Nielsen, S. J., & Sartipy, U. (2025) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezaf277 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Vlaescu, G., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100955 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…ICBT produces outcomes equivalent to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for a range of psychiatric and somatic conditions (Hedman-Lagerl ¨ of et al., 2023), with additional advantages in cost-effectiveness (K ¨ ahlke et al., 2022), accessibility, and scalability (Vernmark…”
Self-citationBørtveit, L., Nordgreen, T., & Nordahl-Hansen, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236895 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Meta-studies have shown that therapist guided internet-delivered interventions are effective in treatment for mild to moderate depressive disorders, and few patients (5%–10%) experience deterioration or negative effects (Cuijpers et al., 2015; Rozental et al., 2015; Ebert et al., 2016; Karyotaki et al., 2018; Etzelmue…”
BackgroundInternetbasierte Selbsthilfe bei Einsamkeit – Eine systematische Übersicht
Imwinkelried, M., Seewer, N., Berger, T., & Krieger, T. (2024) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-024-03934-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Frankova, I., & Sijbrandij, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1586030 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sennerstam, V., Föyen, L. F., Kontio, E., Svärdman, F., Lekander, M., Lindsäter, E., & Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000546221 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Both treatments were delivered online, a well-researched administration format that typically yields clinical effects on par with face-to-face CBT [20].”
Self-citationEimontas, J., Medeišienė, J., Baranova, K., Biliūnaitė, I., Pakalniškienė, V., Zrumaitė, S., Hilbig, J., & Andersson, G. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119406 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Lotringen, C. M., ten Klooster, P. M., Austin, J., Westerhof, G. J., Kelders, S. M., & Noordzij, M. L. (2024) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-024-00132-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Belialov, F., Sumin, A., Garganeeva, N. P., Lareva, N. V., Petrova, M. M., Petrunko, O. V., Poponina, T. M., Repin, A., & Sobennikov, V. S. (2024) · Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.17802/2306-1278-2024-13-3s-222-253 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nævdal, R., Vis, C., & Kenter, R. M. F. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100881 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bjarke, J., Gjestad, R., & Nordgreen, T. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/68165 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Systematic reviews have found the effect of guided ICBT for depression and anxiety disorders to be no different from that of face-to-face CBT [17-19].”
de la Vega, R., Bartels, S. L., & Wicksell, R. (2024) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2262 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wall, H., Hansson, H., Zetterlind, U., Kvillemo, P., & Elgán, T. H. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/52118 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“A recent review by Hedman-Lagerlöf et al [30] concluded that therapist-supported internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for adults yielded similar effects as face-to-face therapy.”
Hoppe, J. M., Weise, C., Kleinstäuber, M., Skalkidou, A., Vegelius, J. R., Comasco, E., Gröndal, M., Kaltsouni, E., Sundström, F., Sampaio, F., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091649 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“48 Indeed, recent years have seen the development of ICBT for premenstrual syndromes with promising results.”
Self-citationSemonella, M., Marchesi, G., Andersson, G., Dekel, R., Pietrabissa, G., & Vilchinsky, N. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076231225082 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“14,15 Hence, such interventions provide a solution that might be complementary, or even an alternative, to face-to-face treatment.”
Self-citationValidation of the Italian Version of the Web Screening Questionnaire for Common Mental Disorders
Pietrabissa, G., Semonella, M., Marchesi, G., Mannarini, S., Castelnuovo, G., Andersson, G., & Rossi, A. A. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13041170 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationKrause, N., Derad, C., von Glasenapp, B., Riemann-Lorenz, K., Meyer, B., Asendorf, T., Temmes, H., van de Loo, M., Gold, S., Schubert, C., et al. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis · doi:10.1177/13524585251356410 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“41 The multiple behaviour change intervention may have had differential physiological effects based on the chosen domain of behaviour change.”
Witte, N. A. J. D., Best, P., Torous, J. B., Mulvenna, M. D., Assche, E. V., Mathiasen, K., Kleiboer, A. M., Carlbring, P., & Daele, T. V. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100927 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationHlynsson, J. I., Mechler, J., Lindqvist, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100960 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationReinebo, G., Gustafsson-Björverud, L., Parling, T., Andersson, G., Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., & Lundgren, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1297631 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationBeck, C. D., Peynenburg, V. A., Patterson, T., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100709 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“ICBT is known to be effective for treating a variety of mental health disorders (Andersson et al., 2019; Hedman-Lagerl ¨ of et al., 2023), with increasing reports of therapist-assisted ICBT being available as part of routine care in various parts of the world (Etzelmueller et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAlbor, Y., González, N., Benjet, C. L., Salamanca-Sanabria, A., la Rosa, C. H.-D., Eslava-Torres, V. G., García-Alfaro, M. C., Melchor-Audirac, A., Montoya-Montero, L. I., & Suárez, K. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/63298 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Digital interventions for mental health are proliferating especially in the high-income English-speaking countries with results that show comparable results to face to face interventions [37] at lower costs and greater reach.”
(2025) · doi:10.2196/67171 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…behavioral therapy (iCBT), has rapidly grown over the past 2 decades [1]. iCBT interventions have shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression [2] and anxiety [3,4], with outcomes comparable with traditional face-to-face CBT when professional guidance is included as a component [5,6].”
Hlynsson, J. I., Bergström, J., & Carlbring, P. (2025) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2025.100967 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationStaples, L., Dear, B. F., Nielssen, O. B., & Titov, N. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100865 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…via the internet or by telephone is effective, acceptable to patients, and can be successfully delivered to very large numbers of patients as part of routine care (Etzelmueller et al., 2020; Hadjistavropoulos et al., 2014; Hedman-Lagerl ¨ of et al., 2023; Staples et al., 2022; Titov et al., 2020).”
Sextl-Plötz, T., Titzler, I., Schmidt-Hantke, J., Denninger, M., Steubl, L., Baumeister, H., Ebert, D. D., & Zarski, A. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251377943 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“12 Both approaches, however, have their respective limitations, such as dependency on time and location for FTF interventions, and lack of personal contact and overemphasis on self-help in IMIs.”
Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Peynenburg, V. A., Sapkota, R. P., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100758 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Benjet, C. L., Zainal, N. H., Albor, Y., Alvis–Barranco, L., Tapias, N. E. C., Contreras‐Ibáñez, C. C., Morelos, J. C., Cudris–Torres, L., de la Peña, F. R., González, N., et al. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/64251 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSapkota, R. P., Gretton, A., Wilhelms, A., Bisby, M. A., Dear, B. F., Titov, N., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100852 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chandra, S. S., Bisby, M. A., Scott, A. J., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003784 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Unveiling the enigma of anxiety disorders and depression: from pathogenesis to treatment
Pan, H., Xia, T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Xu, M., Guo, J., Liu, Y., Bai, X.-Y., Liu, Q., Liu, W.-Z., et al. (2025) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-025-3024-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sapkota, R. P., Peynenburg, V. A., Dear, B. F., Titov, N., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100561 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vernmark, K., Hursti, T. J., Blom, V., Asplund, R. P., Nathanson, E., Engelro, L., Radvogin, E., & Andersson, G. (2024) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.12899 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The effects are long-lasting (Andersson et al., 2018) and similar to face-to-face treatment (Hedman‐Lagerlöf et al., 2023).”
Self-citationGeležėlytė, O., Guogaitė, G., Nomeikaitė, A., Bisson, J. I., Lewis, C., & Kazlauskas, E. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06097-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In a meta-analysis Hedman-Lagerlöf et al. [9] found that therapist-sup-ported ICBT for psychiatric and somatic disorders yielded similar effects as face-to-face CBT.”
MethodWüllner, S., Hecker, T., Flottmann, P., & Hermenau, K. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000270 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fisher, A. C., Bisby, M. A., Hathway, T., Rezwan, A., Ayre, J., Muscat, D. M., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2025) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18387357.2025.2536801 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jiménez-Orenga, N., Díaz-García, A., Lorente-Català, R., González-Robles, A., Paredes-Mealla, M., García-Palacios, A., & Bretón-López, J. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100823 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Semonella, M., Marchesi, G., Castelnuovo, G., Andersson, G., & Pietrabissa, G. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241258419 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationTrillingsgaard, T., Hansen, F. G., & Fentz, H. N. (2025) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12762 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Thiblin, E., Lundgren, J., Bergqvist, M., Huynh, T. N. T., Reuther, C., Rösler, S., Woodford, J., & von Essén, L. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06897-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“However, guided iCBT interventions for psychiatric and somatic disorders in adults show overall equivalent effect sizes as face-to-face therapy [77], and a high level of patient-therapist alliance is reported in iCBT interventions for depression and anxiety disorders in adults [78, 79].”
Hlynsson, J. I., Kristjánsson, T., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1568141 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationDemetry, Y., Lindegaard, T., Geranmayeh, A., Amiri, M. A., Wasteson, E., Andersson, G., & Shahnavaz, S. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2026.100576 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…has accumulated evidence for its efficacy in its traditional format (Cuijpers et al., 2013) and its internet-based format (Andersson et al., 2019; Hedman-Lagerl ¨ of et al., 2023), the evidence is mostly based on Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) participants…”
Self-citationHlynsson, J. I., Gustafsson, O., & Carlbring, P. (2024) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.12083 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“For the eight instances when data was provided, a Fisher's exact test comparing the propensity for data being differentially missing between the first four and latter four instances revealed non-significant differences for both the PHQ-9 ( p = .168) and GAD-7 ( p = .204).”
MethodSelf-citation
- Authors
- Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Carlbring, P., Svärdman, F., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., & Andersson, G.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 305-314
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC10168168
- OpenAlex
- W4376133551
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 8.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Yale University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, digital mental health interventions, depression, anxiety disorders, somatic diseases, treatment efficacy comparison, adults
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