The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cultural difference in neural mechanisms of self-recognition
Open accessAbstract
Self-construals are different between Western and East Asian cultures in that the Western self emphasizes self-focused attention more, whereas the East Asian self stresses the fundamental social connections between people more. To investigate whether such cultural difference in self-related processing extends to face recognition, we recorded event-related potentials from British and Chinese subjects while they judged head orientations of their own face or a familiar face in visual displays. For the British, the own-face induced faster responses and a larger negative activity at 280-340 ms over the frontal-central area (N2) relative to the familiar face. In contrast, the Chinese showed weakened self-advantage in behavioral responses and reduced anterior N2 amplitude to the own-face compared with the familiar face. Our findings suggest that enhanced social salience of one's own face results in different neurocognitive processes of self-recognition in Western and Chinese cultures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As may be expected, this N2 response has been shown to be reliably stronger for the self-face than for the faces of one's colleagues among the British participants.”
From Cultural neuroscience of the self: understanding the social grounding of the brain (2010) · cites this paper as Sui et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Initial neural evidence is indicative of strong cultural effects on such processing (Park et al., 2009;Sui et al., 2009;Ishii et al., in press).”
From Cultural neuroscience of the self: understanding the social grounding of the brain (2010) · cites this paper as Sui et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, this self-face advantage in N2 response was attenuated among Chinese participants (Sui et al., 2009).”
From Cultural neuroscience of the self: understanding the social grounding of the brain (2010) · cites this paper as Sui et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“self-other face recognition has been shown to be different across cultures (Liew et al., 2011; Sui et al., 2009).”
From The free-energy self: a predictive coding account of self-recognition (2014) · cites this paper as Sui et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Indeed, Westerners show a greater self-bias on such tasks than East Asian individuals.”
From The free-energy self: a predictive coding account of self-recognition (2014) · cites this paper as Sui et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995
Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.
Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3 · Cited by 5,758
The Measurement of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals
Singelis, T. M. (1994) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167294205014 · Cited by 3,605
Self-referential processing in our brain—A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self
Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., de Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., & Panksepp, J. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.12.002 · Cited by 2,792
Influence of cognitive control and mismatch on the N2 component of the ERP: A review
Folstein, J. R., & Van Petten, C. (2008) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00602.x · Cited by 2,567
Handbook of Cultural Psychology
Kohen, D., & Kitayama, S. (2008) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181813228 · Cited by 2,171
The influence of culture: holistic versus analytic perception
Nisbett, R. E., & Miyamoto, Y. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.004 · Cited by 1,081
Nisbett, R. E., & Masuda, T. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1934527100 · Cited by 868
The Facilitated Processing of Threatening Faces: An ERP Analysis.
Schupp, H. T., Öhman, A., Junghöfer, M., Weike, A. I., Stockburger, J., & Hamm, A. O. (2004) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.4.2.189 · Cited by 830
Neural basis of cultural influence on self-representation
Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, J., & Han, S. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.047 · Cited by 701
Ito, T. A., & Urland, G. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.616 · Cited by 697
An ERP study on the time course of emotional face processing
Eimer, M., & Holmes, A. (2002) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200203250-00013 · Cited by 662
Culture-sensitive neural substrates of human cognition: a transcultural neuroimaging approach
Han, S., & Northoff, G. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2456 · Cited by 577
Self-citationMartin Eimer, A., HOLMES, A., & McGlone, F. P. (2003) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.3.2.97 · Cited by 467
Uddin, L. Q., Kaplan, J., Molnar-Szakacs, I., Eran Zaidel, B., & Iacoboni, M. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.018 · Cited by 467
Robust representations for faces: Evidence from visual search.
Tong, F., & Nakayama, K. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.25.4.1016 · Cited by 409
Ito, T. A., & Urland, G. R. (2005) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.5.1.21 · Cited by 367
Robust representations for faces: Evidence from visual search.
Tong, F., & Nakayama, K. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.25.4.1016 · Cited by 299
Self-Construal Priming Modulates Neural Substrates of Self-Awareness
Sui, J., & Han, S. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01992.x · Cited by 281
Novelty and conflict in the categorization of complex stimuli
Folstein, J. R., Petten, C. K. V., & Rose, S. A. (2008) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00628.x · Cited by 279
Here I am: the cortical correlates of visual self-recognition
Devue, C., Collette, F., Balteau, E., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., Maquet, P., & Brédart, S. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.055 · Cited by 258
Neural substrates for functionally discriminating self-face from personally familiar faces
Platek, S. M., Loughead, J. W., Gur, R. C., Busch, S., Ruparel, K., Phend, N., Panyavin, I. S., & Langleben, D. D. (2006) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20168 · Cited by 253
Cortical mechanisms of visual self-recognition
Sugiura, M., Watanabe, J., Maeda, Y., Matsue, Y., Fukuda, H., & Kawashima, R. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.063 · Cited by 229
(2003) · Cited by 212
Multiple cues in social perception: The time course of processing race and facial expression
Kubota, J. T., & Ito, T. A. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.10.023 · Cited by 207 · cited 1×
“For example, faces with neutral and happy expressions elicited larger N2 amplitudes compared with angry faces (Kubota & Ito, 2007 ).”
BackgroundMa, Y., & Han, S. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/a0015797 · Cited by 197
Left hand advantage in a self-face recognition task
Keenan, J. P., McCutcheon, B., Freund, S., Gallup, G. G., Sanders, G. S., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (1999) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00025-1 · Cited by 190
Neural consequences of religious belief on self-referential processing
Han, S.-H., Mao, L., Gu, X.-S., Zhu, Y., Ge, J.-Q., & Ma, Y.-N. (2008) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470910701469681 · Cited by 155
The development of self‐recognition: A review
Anderson, J. R. (1984) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.420170104 · Cited by 145
Self-face recognition in attended and unattended conditions: an event-related brain potential study
Sui, J., Zhu, Y., & Han, S. (2006) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000203357.65190.61 · Cited by 144
Lewis, R. S., Goto, S. G., & Kong, L. L. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207313731 · Cited by 118
Two ways to achieve happiness: when the East meets the West
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S., Weng, T.-H., Hu, C.-H., Chern, J.-G., Huang, S.-W., & Shih, J.-B. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00100-8 · Cited by 107
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Ma Y., An implicit positive association theory of self-face recognition
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The free-energy self: a predictive coding account of self-recognition
Apps, M. A. J., & Tsakiris, M. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.029 · Cited by 514
Sui, J., He, X., & Humphreys, G. W. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0029792 · Cited by 467
A Cultural Neuroscience Approach to the Biosocial Nature of the Human Brain
Han, S., Northoff, G., Vogeley, K. T., Wexler, B. E., Kitayama, S., & Varnum, M. E. W. (2012) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-071112-054629 · Cited by 453
Cultural neuroscience of the self: understanding the social grounding of the brain
Kitayama, S., & Park, J. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq052 · Cited by 335
“Cultural neuroscience of the self: understanding the social grounding of the brain”
BackgroundInfluentialAttentional control and the self: The Self-Attention Network (SAN)
Humphreys, G. W., & Sui, J. (2015) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2015.1044427 · Cited by 305
Metadata
- Authors
- Sui, J., Liu, C. H., & Han, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Hull (GB)
- Peking University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Sui, Jie
- Han, Shihui
- Venue
- Social Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 402-411
- ISSN
- 1747-0919 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-0927
- PMC
- PMC3348608
- OpenAlex
- W2010653025
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Social Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT080851MA, 080851)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- self-recognition, face recognition (cognition), cultural differences, self-construal, N2 component, event-related potentials, social salience, self-focus
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, China, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Electroencephalography, England, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Face, Female, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Self Concept, Statistics as Topic, Time Factors, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
