Race and gender on the brain: Electrocortical measures of attention to the race and gender of multiply categorizable individuals.
Abstract
The degree to which perceivers automatically attend to and encode social category information was investigated. Event-related brain potentials were used to assess attentional and working-memory processes on-line as participants were presented with pictures of Black and White males and females. The authors found that attention was preferentially directed to Black targets very early in processing (by about 100 ms after stimulus onset) in both experiments. Attention to gender also emerged early but occurred about 50 ms later than attention to race. Later working-memory processes were sensitive to more complex relations between the group memberships of a target individual and the surrounding social context. These working-memory processes were sensitive to both the explicit categorization task participants were performing as well as more implicit, task-irrelevant categorization dimensions. Results are consistent with models suggesting that information about certain category dimensions is encoded relatively automatically.
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The LPP has been associated with categorization processes of ethnic stimuli.
“and also been associated with categorization processes of ethnic stimuli14.”
From Event-related potentials of automatic imitation are modulated by ethnicity during stimulus processing, but not during motor execution (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
The current manipulation might have been too subtle to be reflected in very early attention deployment.
“Thus, the current manipulation might have been too subtle to be reflected in very early attention deployment (14).”
From Event-related potentials of automatic imitation are modulated by ethnicity during stimulus processing, but not during motor execution (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Leaders may not always be able to proactively shape how diversity affects team processes and may encounter situational factors outside their control, such as automatic categorization processes.
“However, leaders may not always be able to proactively shape how diversity affects team processes, and may encounter (situational) factors that are outside of their control (McClean, Barnes, Courtright, & Johnson, 2019), such as the fact that categorization processes can occur automatically (Ito & Urland, 2003).”
From Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams. (2020) · cites this paper as Ito & Urland, 2003
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- Authors
- Ito, T. A., & Urland, G. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 616-626
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2099742075
- Cited by
- 697
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 31.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r03mh061327-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (1R03 MH61327)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- race, gender, automatic attention, social categorization, event-related potentials, working memory, implicit categorization, face perception, attentional bias
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain, Ethnicity, Evoked Potentials, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Judgment, Male, Social Perception
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