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Mirror neuron system involvement in empathy: A critical look at the evidence

Baird, Amee D., Scheffer, Ingrid E., Wilson, Sarah J.·2011·Social Neuroscience

DOI 10.1080/17470919.2010.547085

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Abstract

It has been proposed that the human mirror neuron system (MNS) plays an integral role in mediating empathy. In this review, we critically examine evidence from three bodies of research that have been cited as supporting this notion: (1) behavioral studies that have examined the relationship between imitation and empathy, (2) findings from functional neuroimaging studies that report a positive correlation between MNS activation and self-report on an empathy questionnaire, and (3) observations of impaired imitation and empathy in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, we briefly review lesion studies of the neural correlates of imitation and empathy. Current evidence suggests that the MNS is broadly involved in empathy, but at this stage there has been limited consideration of its various forms, including motor, emotional, and cognitive empathy. There are also various forms of imitation, encompassing emotional and non-emotional, automatic, and voluntary actions. We propose that the relationship between imitation and empathy may vary depending on the specific type of each of these abilities. Furthermore, these abilities may be mediated by partially distinct neural networks, which involve the MNS to a variable degree.

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Background

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Authors: Baird, A. D., Scheffer, I. E., & Wilson, S. J.
Affiliations: The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author: Wilson, Sarah J.
ORCID: Baird, Amee D.
Scheffer, Ingrid E.
Wilson, Sarah J.
Venue: Social Neuroscience
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2011-08
Volume: 6
Issue: 4
Pages: 327-335
ISSN: 1747-0919 (ISSN-L)
1747-0927
DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2010.547085
OpenAlex: W2160316816
Cited by: 137
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 13.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Social Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Keywords: mirror neuron system, empathy, imitation, autism spectrum disorder, affective empathy, cognitive empathy, lesion studies, functional neuroimaging, artificial neural networks
MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder, Brain Mapping, Empathy, Humans, Imitative Behavior, Individuality, Mirror Neurons

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Mirror neuron system involvement in empathy: A critical look at the evidence

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