The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
How Much Time Do You Spend Online? Understanding and Improving the Accuracy of Self-Reported Measures of Internet Use
Open accessAbstract
Given the importance of survey measures of online media use for communication research, it is crucial to assess and improve their quality, in particular because the increasingly fragmented and ubiquitous usage of internet complicates the accuracy of self-reported measures. This study contributes to the discussion regarding the accuracy of self-reported internet use by presenting relevant factors potentially affecting biases of self-reports and testing survey design strategies to improve accuracy. Combining automatic tracking data and survey data from the same participants (N = 690) confirmed low levels of accuracy and tendencies of over-reporting. The analysis revealed biases due to a range of factors associated with the intensity of (actual) internet usage, propensity to multitask, day of reference, and the usage of mobile devices. An anchoring technique could not be proved to reduce inaccuracies of reporting behavior. Several recommendations for research practice follow from these findings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, light users tend to overestimate their screen time, whereas heavy users tend to underestimate their screen time [9].”
From The effects of smartphones on well-being: theoretical integration and research agenda (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“People's subjective estimates of their average screen time share as little as 10% variance with their actual screen time when measured objectively [9].”
From The effects of smartphones on well-being: theoretical integration and research agenda (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers.
Schwarz, N. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.2.93 · Cited by 2,846
Response strategies for coping with the cognitive demands of attitude measures in surveys
Krosnick, J. A. (1991) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2350050305 · Cited by 2,487
Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2 · Cited by 1,826
Digital Inequality: Differences in Young Adults' Use of the Internet
Hargittai, E., & Hinnant, A. (2008) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650208321782 · Cited by 1,251
Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching
Rubinstein, J. S., Meyer, D. E., & Evans, J. E. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.27.4.763 · Cited by 1,207
Telephone versus Face-to-Face Interviewing of National Probability Samples with Long Questionnaires
Holbrook, A. L., Green, M. C., & Krosnick, J. A. (2003) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/346010 · Cited by 916
Unregulated internet usage: addiction, habit, or deficient self-regulation?
LaRose, R., Lin, C. A., & Eastin, M. S. (2003) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0503_01 · Cited by 868
Asking Questions About Behavior: Cognition, Communication, and Questionnaire Construction
Schwarz, N., & Oyserman, D. (2001) · American Journal of Evaluation · doi:10.1177/109821400102200202 · Cited by 715
Measuring consumer perceptions of online shopping convenience
Jiang, L., Yang, Z., & Jun, M. (2013) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/09564231311323962 · Cited by 642
Belli, R. F. (1998) · Memory · doi:10.1080/741942610 · Cited by 583
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Menon G., 2000, The science of self-report: Implications for research and practice, 63
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Parry, D. A., Davidson, B. I., Sewall, C. J. R., Fisher, J. T., Mieczkowski, H., & Quintana, D. S. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01117-5 · Cited by 793
Barrot, J. S., Llenares, I. I., & del Rosario, L. S. (2021) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x · Cited by 764
Screens, Teens, and Psychological Well-Being: Evidence From Three Time-Use-Diary Studies
Orben, A., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797619830329 · Cited by 414
Integrating Survey Data and Digital Trace Data: Key Issues in Developing an Emerging Field
Stier, S., Breuer, J., Siegers, P., & Thorson, K. (2019) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439319843669 · Cited by 346
Bekalu, M. A., McCloud, R. F., & Viswanath, K. (2019) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198119863768 · Cited by 303
Are Social Media Ruining Our Lives? A Review of Meta-Analytic Evidence
Appel, M., Marker, C., & Gnambs, T. (2020) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/1089268019880891 · Cited by 290
Schmuck, D., Karsay, K., Matthes, J., & Stevic, A. (2019) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2019.101240 · Cited by 241
van Atteveldt, W., & Peng, T. (2018) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2018.1458084 · Cited by 198
Ernala, S. K., Burke, M., Leavitt, A., & Ellison, N. B. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376435 · Cited by 179
Ohme, J., Araujo, T., Boeschoten, L., Freelon, D., Ram, N., Reeves, B. B., & Robinson, T. N. (2024) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2023.2181319 · Cited by 208
Sewall, C. J. R., Bear, T. M., Merranko, J., & Rosen, D. (2020) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/2050157920902830 · Cited by 139
Ohme, J., Araujo, T., de Vreese, C. H., & Piotrowski, J. T. (2020) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/2050157920959106 · Cited by 152
The accuracy and validity of self-reported social media use measures among adolescents
Verbeij, T., Pouwels, J. L., Beyens, I., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100090 · Cited by 163
Time for the Human Screenome Project
Reeves, B. B., Robinson, T. N., & Ram, N. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00032-5 · Cited by 142
The effects of smartphones on well-being: theoretical integration and research agenda
Kushlev, K., & Leitao, M. R. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.05.001 · Cited by 129
Social Media in Political Campaigning Around the World: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges
Dimitrova, D. V., & Matthes, J. (2018) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699018770437 · Cited by 123
Two Half-Truths Make a Whole? On Bias in Self-Reports and Tracking Data
Jürgens, P., Stark, B., & Magin, M. (2019) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439319831643 · Cited by 121
van Erkel, P. F. A., & Van Aelst, P. (2021) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2020.1784328 · Cited by 120
Social Media Expression and the Political Self
Lane, D. S., Lee, S. S., Liang, F., Kim, D. H., Shen, L.-W., Weeks, B. E., & Kwak, N. (2019) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqy064 · Cited by 123
Studying health-related internet and mobile device use using web logs and smartphone records
Bach, R. L., & Wenz, A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234663 · Cited by 114
Combatting digital addiction: Current approaches and future directions
Cemiloglu, D., Almourad, M. B., McAlaney, J., & Ali, R. (2021) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101832 · Cited by 123
The Reliability and Temporal Stability of Self-reported Media Exposure: A Meta-analysis
Scharkow, M. (2019) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2019.1594742 · Cited by 94
Jones-Jang, S. M., Kim, D. H., & Kenski, K. M. (2020) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444820943878 · Cited by 100
Internet use, social isolation and loneliness in older adults
Stockwell, S., Stubbs, B., Jackson, S. E., Fisher, A., Yang, L., & Smith, L. (2020) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x20000550 · Cited by 100
Social Media Use and Deliberate Self-Harm Among Youth: A Systematized Narrative Review
Biernesser, C., Sewall, C. J. R., Brent, D., Bear, T., Mair, C., & Trauth, J. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105054 · Cited by 86
Kroencke, L., Harari, G. M., Back, M. D., & Wagner, J. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000422 · Cited by 89
Effect of Screen Time on Recovery From Concussion
Macnow, T. E., Curran, T., Tolliday, C., Martin, K., McCarthy, M. L., Ayturk, D., Babu, K. M., & Mannix, R. (2021) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2782 · Cited by 76
Automated Tracking Approaches for Studying Online Media Use: A Critical Review and Recommendations
Christner, C., Urman, A., Adam, S., & Maier, M. (2021) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2021.1907841 · Cited by 73
Ponizovskiy, V., Ardağ, M. M., Grigoryan, L. K., Boyd, R. L., Dobewall, H., & Holtz, P. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2294 · Cited by 122
OSD2F: An Open-Source Data Donation Framework
Araujo, T., Ausloos, J., van Atteveldt, W., Löecherbach, F., Möller, J. E., Ohme, J., Trilling, D., van de Velde, B., de Vreese, C. H., & Welbers, K. (2022) · Computational Communication Research · doi:10.5117/ccr2022.2.001.arau · Cited by 72
Jones-Jang, S. M., Heo, Y., McKeever, R., Kim, J.-H., Moscowitz, L. M., & Moscowitz, D. (2020) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmaa009 · Cited by 73
Self-Reported Versus Digitally Recorded: Measuring Political Activity on Facebook
Haenschen, K. (2019) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439318813586 · Cited by 75
Gilchrist, J. D., Battista, K., Patte, K. A., Faulkner, G., Carson, V., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2021) · Mental Health and Physical Activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100380 · Cited by 57
Arndt, H. L., Granfeldt, J., & Gullberg, M. (2021) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/02676583211020055 · Cited by 65
Ge, Y., Xin, S., Luan, D., Zou, Z., Bai, X., Liu, M., & Gao, Q. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106224 · Cited by 62
Breuer, J., Bishop, L., & Kinder-Kurlanda, K. E. (2020) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444820924622 · Cited by 70
Johannes, N., Nguyen, T.-V. T., Weinstein, N., & Przybylski, A. K. (2021) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000035 · Cited by 53
Mieczkowski, H., Lee, A. Y., & Hancock, J. T. (2020) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305120961784 · Cited by 50
Validated assessment tools for screen media use: a systematic review.
Perez, O., Garza, T., Hindera, O., Beltran, A., Musaad, S. M., Dibbs, T., Singh, A., Chug, S., Sisson, A., Kumar Vadathya, A., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283714 · Cited by 44
Meier, J. V., Noel, J. A., & Kaspar, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666655 · Cited by 46
Arndt, H. L. (2023) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263122000572 · Cited by 29
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Russia
Roshchina, Y. M., Roshchin, S., & Rozhkova, K. V. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.042 · Cited by 47
Why time flies? The role of immersion in short video usage behavior
Yan, Y., He, Y., & Li, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1127210 · Cited by 55
Lysenstøen, C., Bøe, T., Hjetland, G. J., & Skogen, J. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.579347 · Cited by 44
McAllister, C., Hisler, G. C., Blake, A. B., Twenge, J. M., Farley, E., & Hamilton, J. L. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00832-x · Cited by 38
Do both timing and duration of screen use affect sleep patterns in adolescents?
Hartley, S., Royant‐Parola, S., Zayoud, A., Gremy, I. M., & Matulonga, B. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276226 · Cited by 41
Vraga, E. K., & Tully, M. (2018) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439318812050 · Cited by 38
Dou, D., & Shek, D. T. L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041937 · Cited by 37
Revranche, M., Biscond, M., & Husky, M. M. (2021) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2021.08.006 · Cited by 57
Tam, L., Kim, J., Grunig, J. E., Hall, J. A., & Swerling, J. (2020) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2020.1851286 · Cited by 34
How do Developers Really Feel About Bug Fixing? Directions for Automatic Program Repair
Winter, E., Bowes, D., Counsell, S., Hall, T., Haraldsson, S. O., Nowack, V., & Woodward, J. R. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2022.3194188 · Cited by 38
Shin, J. (2020) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305120981039 · Cited by 33
Baumgartner, S. E., Sumter, S. R., Petkevič, V., & Wiradhany, W. (2022) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/08944393211071068 · Cited by 32
Vermeer, S. A. M., Kruikemeier, S., Trilling, D., & de Vreese, C. H. (2022) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2021.2017790 · Cited by 31
Lee, T., Johnson, T. J., Jia, C., & Lacasa-Mas, I. (2023) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448231202480 · Cited by 31
Gil‐López, T., Christner, C., de León, E., Makhortykh, M., Urman, A., Maier, M., & Adam, S. (2023) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/08944393231156634 · Cited by 28
Digital trace data collection through data donationPreprint
Boeschoten, L., Ausloos, J., Möller, J. E., Araujo, T., & Oberski, D. L. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2011.09851 · Cited by 28
Erwachsenenpädagogische Digitalisierungsforschung
Bernhard-Skala, C., Bolten, R., Koller, J., Rohs, M., Wahl, J., & Verlag, W. B. (2021) · doi:10.3278/6004789w · Cited by 27
Petalas, D. P., Konijn, E. A., Johnson, B. K., Veldhuis, J., de Vaate, N. A. J. D. B., Burgers, C. F., Droog, E., Międzobrodzka, E., Bálint, K., & van de Schoot, R. (2021) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051211035353 · Cited by 31
How people think about being alone shapes their experience of loneliness
Rodriguez, M., Schertz, K. E., & Kross, E. F. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56764-3 · Cited by 44
González‐Bailón, S., & Xenos, M. A. (2020) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2022.2072750 · Cited by 36
Reiss, M. V. (2022) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2022.2105243 · Cited by 37
de Mello, V. O., Cheung, F., & Inzlicht, M. (2024) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00062-z · Cited by 35
Pimmer, C., Brühlmann, F., Odetola, T. D., Dipeolu, O., Oluwasola, D. O., Jäger, J., & Ajuwon, A. J. (2021) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2021.100809 · Cited by 34
de Mello, V. O., Cheung, F., & Inzlicht, M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/4x5em · Cited by 25
Sewall, C. J. R., & Parry, D. A. (2021) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000036 · Cited by 30
Gansner, M., Nisenson, M., Lin, V., Pong, S., Torous, J., & Carson, N. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/33114 · Cited by 22
Kovacs, G., Wu, Z., & Bernstein, M. S. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445695 · Cited by 28
Non-Participation in Smartphone Data Collection Using Research Apps
Keusch, F., Bähr, S., Haas, G., Kreuter, F., Trappmann, M., & Eckman, S. (2022) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.1111/rssa.12827 · Cited by 22
Do News Actually “Find Me”? Using Digital Behavioral Data to Study the News-Finds-Me Phenomenon
Haim, M., Breuer, J., & Stier, S. (2021) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051211033820 · Cited by 21
Chih-Ming, C., & Lian, Y.-Y. (2020) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100004 · Cited by 21
Muldoon, J., & Apostolidis, P. (2023) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448231183942 · Cited by 20
Measuring Twitter Use: Validating Survey-Based Measures
Henderson, M., Jiang, K., Johnson, M., & Porter, L. (2019) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439319896244 · Cited by 20
Wolfers, L. N. (2024) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1093/ct/qtae015 · Cited by 35
Agreement between self-reported and objectively measured smartphone use among adolescents and adults
Molaib, K. M., Sun, X., Ram, N., Reeves, B. B., & Robinson, T. N. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100569 · Cited by 24
Uncovering Digital Trace Data Biases: Tracking Undercoverage in Web Tracking Data
Bosch, O. J., Sturgis, P., Kuha, J., & Revilla, M. (2024) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2024.2393165 · Cited by 18
Teles, S., Paúl, C., Santos, C., & Ferreira, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.978635 · Cited by 17
Ejaz, W., Altay, S., & Naeem, G. (2023) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076231186075 · Cited by 19
Determinants of willingness to donate data from social media platforms
Kmetty, Z., Stefkovics, Á., Számely, J., Deng, D., Anikó, K., Pauló, E., Omodei, E., & Koltai, J. (2024) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2024.2340995 · Cited by 17
From Filled to Empty Time Intervals: Quantifying Online Behaviors with Digital Traces
Peng, T., Zhou, Y., & Zhu, J. J. H. (2020) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2020.1812556 · Cited by 17
Wang, R., Zhang, Y., Suk, J., & Holland Levin, S. (2024) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051241277606 · Cited by 16
Vally, Z., Moussa, D., Khalil, E., Fahel, A. A., Azry, N. A., & Jafar, N. (2020) · Psychology of Popular Media · doi:10.1037/ppm0000276 · Cited by 17
Risk and Protective Factors for Frequent Electronic Device Use of Online Technologies
Morgan, P. L., Wang, Y., & Woods, A. D. (2021) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13532 · Cited by 16
A scoping review of current research on social media use among children and adolescents
Jungselius, B. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00226-2 · Cited by 34
Uninterested and unequal?: examining SES-based gaps in youth political behavior on social media
Lane, D. S., Thorson, K., & Xu, Y. (2021) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2021.1968923 · Cited by 16
Keusch, F., Wenz, A., & Conrad, F. G. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107054 · Cited by 20
Rzewnicki, D. I., Shensa, A. S., Levenson, J. C., Primack, B. A., & Sidani, J. E. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.013 · Cited by 15
"I can show what I really like."
Cheng, T.-C., Li, T. W., Chou, Y.-H., Karahalios, K. G., & Sundaram, H. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3449281 · Cited by 15
Gansner, M., Nisenson, M., Lin, V., Carson, N. J., & Torous, J. B. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01313-y · Cited by 15
Billaux, P., Billieux, J., Gärtner, L., Maurage, P., & Flayelle, M. (2022) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.1163 · Cited by 14
Tkaczyk, M., Tancoš, M., Šmahel, D., Elavsky, S., & Plhák, J. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108281 · Cited by 19
Effects of News Factors on Users’ News Attention and Selective Exposure on a News Aggregator Website
Engelmann, I., Luebke, S. M., & Kessler, S. (2021) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2021.1889395 · Cited by 11
Linkage Analysis Revised – Linking Digital Traces and Survey Data
Otto, L., Löecherbach, F., & Vliegenthart, R. (2023) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2023.2257595 · Cited by 14
BWDAT: A research tool for analyzing the consumption of VOD content at home
Cordeiro, J. A., Castro, D., Nisi, V., & Nunes, N. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100336 · Cited by 14
How Long and What For? Tracking a Nationally Representative Sample to Quantify Internet Use
Festic, N., Büchi, M., & Latzer, M. (2021) · Journal of Quantitative Description Digital Media · doi:10.51685/jqd.2021.018 · Cited by 14
Megat-Johari, N., Megat-Johari, M.-U., Savolainen, P. T., Gates, T. J., & Kaßens-Noor, E. (2021) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.1177/03611981211027880 · Cited by 13
Segijn, C. M., Araujo, T., Voorveld, H. A. M., & Smit, E. G. (2020) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838151.2020.1718962 · Cited by 13
Breuer, J., Baghal, T. A., Sloan, L., Bishop, L., Kondyli, D., & Linardis, A. (2021) · IASSIST Quarterly · doi:10.29173/iq988 · Cited by 13
Bonilla-Zorita, G., Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095631 · Cited by 23
van Wier, M. F., Urry, E., Lissenberg-Witte, B. I., & Kramer, S. E. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/27599 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Araujo, T., Wonneberger, A., Neijens, P., & de Vreese, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Araujo, Theo
- Venue
- Communication Methods and Measures
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-04-27
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 173-190
- ISSN
- 1931-2458 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-2466
- OpenAlex
- W2608611108
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 41.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Communication Methods and Measures (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Research Priority Area Communication, University of Amsterdam (2012-2016)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media and Digital Communication
- Keywords
- measurement accuracy, reporting bias, overreporting, survey design, anchoring technique, mobile device use, multitasking, online media use
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
