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Contradictions, Dialectics, and Paradoxes in Organizations: A Constitutive Approach
Abstract
This article presents a constitutive approach to the study of organizational contradictions, dialectics, paradoxes, and tensions. In particular, it highlights five constitutive dimensions (i.e., discourse, developmental actions, socio-historical conditions, presence in multiples, and praxis) that appear across the literature in five metatheoretical traditions—process-based systems, structuration, critical, postmodern, and relational dialectics. In exploring these dimensions, it defines and distinguishes among key constructs, links research to process outcomes, and sets forth a typology of alternative ways of responding to organizational tensions. It concludes by challenging researchers to sharpen their focus on time in process studies, privilege emotion in relation to rationality, and explore the dialectic between order and disorder.
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“Paradoxes have been described as being managed by three response strategies: First, ‘either-or’ approaches consider the elements of the paradox to be independent of each other and try to resolve the tension by favouring one element over the other”
From Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy: The Role of Algorithms and Revenue Sharing (2023) · cites this paper as Putnam et al. 2016
In the citing paper
“Additionally, they are assigned to either-or, both-and and more-than responses (Putnam et al. 2016).”
From Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy: The Role of Algorithms and Revenue Sharing (2023) · cites this paper as Putnam et al. 2016
In the citing paper
“These measures do not always have to be effective, but they are coping mechanisms (cf. Putnam et al. 2016) for content creators to counteract the powerlessness caused by the paradoxical tensions of algorithmic control and incentivisation.”
From Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy: The Role of Algorithms and Revenue Sharing (2023) · cites this paper as Putnam et al. 2016
Citations
Cites
Strategies for Theorizing from Process Data
Langley, A. (1999) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1999.2553248 · Cited by 7,008
Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development
Leonard-Barton, D. (1992) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250131009 · Cited by 6,477
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van de Ven, A. H., & Poole, M. S. (1995) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1995.9508080329 · Cited by 3,762
Organizational Ambidexterity: Past, Present, and Future
O'Reilly, C. A., & Tushman, M. L. (2013) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2013.0025 · Cited by 2,580
Learning to Implement Enterprise Systems: An Exploratory Study of the Dialectics of Change
Robey, D., Ross, J. W., & Boudreau, M.-C. (2002) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2002.11045713 · Cited by 1,023
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Cunliffe, A. L. (2004) · Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1177/1052562904264440 · Cited by 737
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Clegg, S. R., da Cunha, J. V., & e Cunha, M. P. (2002) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726702555001 · Cited by 498
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Putnam, L. L., Myers, K. K., & Gailliard, B. M. (2014) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726713495704 · Cited by 341
Self-citationBeach Time, Bridge Time, and Billable Hours: The Temporal Structure of Technical Contracting
Evans, J. A., Kunda, G., & Barley, S. R. (2004) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/4131454 · Cited by 234
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Westenholz, A. (1993) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/017084069301400104 · Cited by 175
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Metadata
- Authors
- Putnam, L. L., Fairhurst, G. T., & Banghart, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Annals
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-171
- ISSN
- 1941-6067 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-6520
- OpenAlex
- W2341022915
- Cited by
- 1,116
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 151 · 2025: 144 · 2024: 125 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 17
- FWCI
- 133.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Annals (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management Theory and Practice
- Social Sciences › Education › Chaos, Complexity, and Education
- Keywords
- organizational contradictions, dialectics, paradox, organizational tensions, constitutive approach, structuration theory, critical theory, postmodernism, relational dialectics, metatheory, reason and emotion, order and disorder
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- Putnam, L. L., Fairhurst, G. T., & Banghart, S. (2016). Contradictions, Dialectics, and Paradoxes in Organizations: A Constitutive Approach. Academy of Management Annals. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2016.1162421
