Prolonged grief symptomatology following violent loss: The mediating role of meaning
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Background: Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is over-represented among those who have lost loved ones to violent causes. To tailor PGD interventions for this vulnerable population it is critical to examine the aetiology of PGD specifically in the context of violent death bereavement. Previous studies have suggested that violent loss increases symptoms of PGD by hindering the mourner’s ability to make meaning of the death or its aftermath. However, these studies have relied on cross sectional data that preclude genuine prediction and have not differentiated among specific themes of meaning.Objective: This study aimed to identify specific themes of meaning that mediate the detrimental impact of violent loss on subsequent emergence of PGD symptomatology among the violently bereft.Method: A longitudinal, prospective design (N = 171) was used to assess violent loss and themes of meaning an average of six months post-loss allowing for prediction of PGD symptoms an average of eight months later.Results: Violent loss had a significant indirect effect on PGD symptomatology when meaning themes focusing on sense of peace and continuing bonds served as mediators.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the mediating role that specific meaning themes play in the development of PGD symptomatology following violent loss. These findings highlight the potential benefits of applying a meaning-based intervention approach with the violently bereft.
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The meaning reconstruction model focuses on the crucial role of meaning-making in recovery and posttraumatic growth after the death of a significant person.
“This model focuses on the crucial role of meaning-making in recovery and posttraumatic growth after the death of a significant person (69, 88–90).”
From Ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy for grief: a non-randomized clinical trial protocol (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Milman, E., Neimeyer, R. A., Fitzpatrick, M., MacKinnon, C. J., Muis, K. R., & Cohen, S. R.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Memphis (US)
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Milman, Evgenia
- Venue
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-12-29
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- sup6
- Pages
- 1503522-1503522
- ISSN
- 2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6095024
- OpenAlex
- W2887044131
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- prolonged grief disorder, meaning-making, continuing bonds, bereavement, mediation, grief intervention
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