Cited by 909Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ResearchDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTSD): Revised diagnostic criteria

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Strong, Michael J., Abrahams, Sharon, Goldstein, Laura H., Woolley, Susan, Mclaughlin, Paula, Snowden, Julie, Mioshi, Eneida, Roberts-South, Angie +6 more·2017·Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration

Abstract

This article presents the revised consensus criteria for the diagnosis of frontotemporal dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) based on an international research workshop on frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and ALS held in London, Canada in June 2015. Since the publication of the Strong criteria, there have been considerable advances in the understanding of the neuropsychological profile of patients with ALS. Not only is the breadth and depth of neuropsychological findings broader than previously recognised - - including deficits in social cognition and language - but mixed deficits may also occur. Evidence now shows that the neuropsychological deficits in ALS are extremely heterogeneous, affecting over 50% of persons with ALS. When present, these deficits significantly and adversely impact patient survival. It is the recognition of this clinical heterogeneity in association with neuroimaging, genetic and neuropathological advances that has led to the current re-conceptualisation that neuropsychological deficits in ALS fall along a spectrum. These revised consensus criteria expand upon those of 2009 and embrace the concept of the frontotemporal spectrum disorder of ALS (ALS-FTSD).

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/21678421.2016.1267768

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193 of 193 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Cognition is affected in a majority of ALS cases at some point in disease course.

    “Cognition is also affected in a majority of cases at some point in the disease course (10).”

    From Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Within an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Brain Bank Cohort (2018) · cites this paper as [10]

    The Discussion reports that more than 50% of ALS patients prospectively assessed had some form of frontotemporal disruption or dementia. That category includes behavioural dysfunction, so it does not establish that cognition specifically is affected in a majority, nor does the passage establish the claim’s ‘at some point in the disease course’ timing. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • TGF-ß is upregulated in ALS.

    “Notably, TGF-ß is upregulated in ALS (55), and aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with TDP43 mislocalization in cellular and animal models (56).”

    From Nemo-like kinase disrupts nuclear import and drives TDP43 mislocalization in ALS (2025) · cites this paper as [55]

    The Axis I discussion addresses ALS biomarkers such as neurofilaments, tau, and TDP-43, but does not report TGF-β upregulation. Searches for TGF-β and transforming growth factor beta in our copy found no passage addressing that claim; the copy is not marked as truncated. (LLM, conf=0.73)

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1 of the 194 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [87]Massman PJ, Sims J, Cooke N, Haverkamp LJ, Appel V, Appel SH. Prevalence and correlates of neuropsychological deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996; 61: 450– 5. 8937336 PMC1074039

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Authors
Strong, M. J., Abrahams, S., Goldstein, L. H., Woolley, S., Mclaughlin, P., Snowden, J., Mioshi, E., Roberts-South, A., Benatar, M., HortobáGyi, T., Rosenfeld, J., Silani, V., Ince, P. G., & Turner, M. R.
Affiliations
  • Western University (CA)
  • Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research (GB)
  • King's College London (GB)
  • California Pacific Medical Center (US)
  • Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • University of East Anglia (GB)
  • Northwestern University, Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Evanston, IL, USA,
  • University of Miami (US)
  • University of Debrecen (HU)
  • Loma Linda University Medical Center (US)
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • University of Sheffield (GB)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Strong, Michael J.
Venue
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration
Published
2017-01-05
Volume
18
Issue
3-4
Pages
153-174
ISSN
  • 2167-8421 (ISSN-L)
  • 2167-9223
OpenAlex
W2562172900
Cited by
909
References
194
Citations by year
2026: 90 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 25
FWCI
48.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research
  • Motor Neurone Disease Association (TURNER/JAN13/944-795)
  • King's College London
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K026992/1, MR/K01014X/1)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U54NS092091)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, diagnostic criteria, neuropsychological deficits, social cognition, language deficits, cognitive heterogeneity, survival, consensus criteria
MeSH terms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Canada, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Language, Neuropsychological Tests, Social Perception, Survival Analysis, Frontotemporal Dementia, Neuroimaging

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