Presymptomatic cognitive and neuroanatomical changes in genetic frontotemporal dementia in the Genetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI) study: a cross-sectional analysis
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BACKGROUND: Frontotemporal dementia is a highly heritable neurodegenerative disorder. In about a third of patients, the disease is caused by autosomal dominant genetic mutations usually in one of three genes: progranulin (GRN), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), or chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72). Findings from studies of other genetic dementias have shown neuroimaging and cognitive changes before symptoms onset, and we aimed to identify whether such changes could be shown in frontotemporal dementia. METHODS: We recruited participants to this multicentre study who either were known carriers of a pathogenic mutation in GRN, MAPT, or C9orf72, or were at risk of carrying a mutation because a first-degree relative was a known symptomatic carrier. We calculated time to expected onset as the difference between age at assessment and mean age at onset within the family. Participants underwent a standardised clinical assessment and neuropsychological battery. We did MRI and generated cortical and subcortical volumes using a parcellation of the volumetric T1-weighted scan. We used linear mixed-effects models to examine whether the association of neuropsychology and imaging measures with time to expected onset of symptoms differed between mutation carriers and non-carriers. FINDINGS: Between Jan 30, 2012, and Sept 15, 2013, we recruited participants from 11 research sites in the UK, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Canada. We analysed data from 220 participants: 118 mutation carriers (40 symptomatic and 78 asymptomatic) and 102 non-carriers. For neuropsychology measures, we noted the earliest significant differences between mutation carriers and non-carriers 5 years before expected onset, when differences were significant for all measures except for tests of immediate recall and verbal fluency. We noted the largest Z score differences between carriers and non-carriers 5 years before expected onset in tests of naming (Boston Naming Test -0·7; SE 0·3) and executive function (Trail Making Test Part B, Digit Span backwards, and Digit Symbol Task, all -0·5, SE 0·2). For imaging measures, we noted differences earliest for the insula (at 10 years before expected symptom onset, mean volume as a percentage of total intracranial volume was 0·80% in mutation carriers and 0·84% in non-carriers; difference -0·04, SE 0·02) followed by the temporal lobe (at 10 years before expected symptom onset, mean volume as a percentage of total intracranial volume 8·1% in mutation carriers and 8·3% in non-carriers; difference -0·2, SE 0·1). INTERPRETATION: Structural imaging and cognitive changes can be identified 5-10 years before expected onset of symptoms in asymptomatic adults at risk of genetic frontotemporal dementia. These findings could help to define biomarkers that can stage presymptomatic disease and track disease progression, which will be important for future therapeutic trials. FUNDING: Centres of Excellence in Neurodegeneration.
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The findings are consistent with prior studies suggesting that physiologic changes may be detectable before behavioral changes become manifest in a variety of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders.
“Our findings are consistent with prior studies suggesting that physiologic changes may be detectable before behavioral changes become manifest in a variety of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders [36–43].”
From EEG power at 3 months in infants at high familial risk for autism (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
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EEG power at 3 months in infants at high familial risk for autism
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Self-citationLongitudinal multimodal imaging and clinical endpoints for frontotemporal dementia clinical trials
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Neuronal pentraxin 2: a synapse-derived CSF biomarker in genetic frontotemporal dementia
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Phenotypic heterogeneity in dementia: a challenge for epidemiology and biomarker studies
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Incidence of Syndromes Associated With Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in 9 European Countries
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Self-citationDucharme, S., Bajestan, S., Dickerson, B. C., & Voon, V. (2017) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16090168 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Peet, B. T., Spina, S., Mundada, N., & La Joie, R. (2021) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-021-01101-x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Longitudinal imaging in C9ORF72 mutation carriers: relationship to phenotype
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Novel <scp>CSF</scp> biomarkers in genetic frontotemporal dementia identified by proteomics
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Self-citationYoung, A. L., Bocchetta, M., Russell, L. L., Convery, R. S., Peakman, G., Todd, E., Cash, D. M., Greaves, C. V., van Swieten, J., Jiskoot, L., et al. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000012410 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasma tau is increased in frontotemporal dementia
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Poly(GP), neurofilament and grey matter deficits in <i>C9orf72</i> expansion carriers
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Self-citationBiomarkers for diseases with TDP-43 pathology
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Self-citationRosen, H. J., Boeve, B. F., & Boxer, A. L. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Longitudinal diffusion imaging across the <i>C9orf72</i> clinical spectrum
Floeter, M. K., Danielian, L. E., Braun, L. E., & Wu, T. (2018) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-316799 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Malpetti, M., Jones, P. S., Cope, T. E., Holland, N., Naessens, M., Rouse, M. A., Rittman, T., Savulich, G., Whiteside, D. J., Street, D., et al. (2023) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.26543 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationReview: Fluid biomarkers for frontotemporal dementias
Zetterberg, H., van Swieten, J. C., Boxer, A. L., & Rohrer, J. D. (2019) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12530 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationPre‐diagnostic cognitive and functional impairment in multiple sporadic neurodegenerative diseases
Swaddiwudhipong, N., Whiteside, D. J., Hezemans, F. H., Street, D., Rowe, J. B., & Rittman, T. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12802 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationOlney, N. T., Ong, E., Goh, S. M., Bajorek, L., Dever, R., Staffaroni, A. M., Cobigo, Y., Bock, M., Chiang, K., Ljubenkov, P., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.196 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCarthy, J., Collins, D. L., & Ducharme, S. (2018) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.028 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Staffaroni, A. M., Goh, S.-Y. M., Cobigo, Y., Ong, E., Lee, S. E., Casaletto, K. B., Wolf, A., Forsberg, L. K., Ghoshal, N., Graff-Radford, N. R., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22847 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationSynaptic density in carriers of C9orf72 mutations: a [<sup>11</sup>C]UCB‐J PET study
Malpetti, M., Holland, N., Jones, P. S., Ye, R., Cope, T. E., Fryer, T. D., Hong, Y. T., Savulich, G., Rittman, T., Passamonti, L., et al. (2021) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51407 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly symptoms in symptomatic and preclinical genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Tavares, T. P., Mitchell, D. G. V., Coleman, K. K., Coleman, B. L., Shoesmith, C. L., Butler, C. R., Santana, I., Danek, A., Gerhard, A., de Mendonca, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-322987 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationJiskoot, L. C., Poos, J. M., Vollebergh, M. E., Franzen, S., van Hemmen, J., Papma, J. M., van Swieten, J. C., Kessels, R. P. C., & van den Berg, E. (2021) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-020-10096-y · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividualized atrophy scores predict dementia onset in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Staffaroni, A. M., Cobigo, Y., Goh, S. M., Kornak, J., Bajorek, L., Chiang, K., Appleby, B., Bove, J., Bordelon, Y., Brannelly, P., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.04.007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationSogorb-Esteve, A., Nilsson, J., Swift, I. J., Heller, C., Bocchetta, M., Russell, L. L., Peakman, G., Convery, R. S., van Swieten, J. C., Seelaar, H., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-01042-3 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo evidence for pre‐symptomatic neuroinflammation in a <scp>MAPT</scp> mutation carrier
Bevan‐Jones, W. R., Cope, T. E., Jones, P. S., Passamonti, L., Hong, Y. T., Fryer, T., Arnold, R., Coles, J. P., Aigbirhio, F. I., O'Brien, J. T., et al. (2019) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.683 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationGossye, H., Van Broeckhoven, C., & Engelborghs, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00757 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Self-citationCheran, G., Silverman, H., Manoochehri, M., Goldman, J., Lee, S., Wu, L., Cines, S., Fallon, E., Kelly, B. D., Olszewska, D. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-317263 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Predictors of survival and progression in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
Agarwal, S., Ahmed, R. M., D'Mello, M., Foxe, D., Kaizik, C., Kiernan, M. C., Halliday, G. M., Piguet, O., & Hodges, J. R. (2019) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13887 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gyrification abnormalities in presymptomatic <i>c9orf72</i> expansion carriers
Caverzasi, E., Battistella, G., Chu, S. A., Rosen, H., Zanto, T. P., Karydas, A., Shwe, W., Coppola, G., Geschwind, D. H., Rademakers, R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2018-320265 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Rates of lobar atrophy in asymptomatic <i>MAPT</i> mutation carriers
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Recognition memory and divergent cognitive profiles in prodromal genetic frontotemporal dementia
Barker, M. S., Manoochehri, M., Rizer, S. J., Appleby, B. S., Brushaber, D., Dev, S. I., Devick, K. L., Dickerson, B. C., Fields, J. A., Foroud, T. M., et al. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.006 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationReliability and Validity of Smartphone Cognitive Testing for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Staffaroni, A. M., Clark, A. L., Taylor, J. C., Heuer, H. W., Sanderson-Cimino, M., Wise, A. B., Dhanam, S., Cobigo, Y., Wolf, A., Manoochehri, M., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4266 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationMRI data-driven algorithm for the diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
Manera, A. L., Dadar, M., Van Swieten, J. C., Borroni, B., Sanchez-Valle, R., Moreno, F., Laforce Jr, R., Graff, C., Synofzik, M., Galimberti, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-324106 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationTaylor, J. C., Heuer, H. W., Clark, A. L., Wise, A. B., Manoochehri, M., Forsberg, L., Mester, C., Rao, M., Brushaber, D., Kramer, J., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12423 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of neurofilament light in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Zetterberg, H., Teunissen, C., van Swieten, J., Kuhle, J., Boxer, A., Rohrer, J. D., Mitic, L., Nicholson, A. M., Pearlman, R., McCaughey, S. M., et al. (2022) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac310 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationExamining empathy deficits across familial forms of frontotemporal dementia within the GENFI cohort
Foster, P. H., Russell, L. L., Peakman, G., Convery, R. S., Bouzigues, A., Greaves, C. V., Bocchetta, M., Cash, D. M., van Swieten, J. C., Jiskoot, L. C., et al. (2022) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2022.01.012 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Predicting disease progression in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
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Neurodegenerative Disorders of Speech and Language: Non-language-dominant Diseases
García, A. M., DeLeon, J., & Tee, B. L. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, 2nd edition · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819641-0.00042-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Developing digital health technologies for frontotemporal degeneration
Nevler, N., Niehoff, D., Gleixner, A. M., Dodge, S., Vogel, A. P., Hill, D. L., Ducharme, S., Staffaroni, A. M., Yunusova, Y., Au, R., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70082 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rohrer, J. D., Nicholas, J. M., Cash, D. M., van Swieten, J., Dopper, E., Jiskoot, L., van Minkelen, R., Rombouts, S. A., Cardoso, M. J., Clegg, S., Espak, M., Mead, S., Thomas, D. L., De Vita, E., Masellis, M., Black, S. E., Freedman, M., Keren, R., MacIntosh, B. J., Rogaeva, E., Tang-Wai, D., Tartaglia, M. C., Laforce, R., Tagliavini, F., Tiraboschi, P., Redaelli, V., Prioni, S., Grisoli, M., Borroni, B., Padovani, A., Galimberti, D., Scarpini, E., Arighi, A., Fumagalli, G., Rowe, J. B., Coyle-Gilchrist, I., Graff, C., Fallström, M., Jelic, V., Ståhlbom, A. K., Andersson, C., Thonberg, H., Lilius, L., Frisoni, G. B., Binetti, G., Pievani, M., Bocchetta, M., Benussi, L., Ghidoni, R., Finger, E., Sorbi, S., Nacmias, B., Lombardi, G., Polito, C., Warren, J. D., Ourselin, S., Fox, N. C., & Rossor, M. N.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Leiden University (NL)
- MRC Prion Unit (GB)
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- University Health Network (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus (CA)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IT)
- University of Brescia (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli (IT)
- Western University (CA)
- University of Florence (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Rossor, Martin N
- ORCID
- Rohrer, Jonathan D
- Nicholas, Jennifer M
- Cash, David M
- Dopper, Elise
- Jiskoot, Lize
- Rombouts, Serge A
- Cardoso, M Jorge
- Clegg, Shona
- Mead, Simon
- Thomas, David L
- Masellis, Mario
- Black, Sandra E
- Freedman, Morris
- Keren, Ron
- MacIntosh, Bradley J
- Rogaeva, Ekaterina
- Tartaglia, Maria Carmela
- Laforce, Robert
- Tagliavini, Fabrizio
- Tiraboschi, Pietro
- Redaelli, Veronica
- Prioni, Sara
- Grisoli, Marina
- Borroni, Barbara
- Padovani, Alessandro
- Galimberti, Daniela
- Scarpini, Elio
- Arighi, Andrea
- Fumagalli, Giorgio
- Rowe, James B
- Coyle-Gilchrist, Ian
- Graff, Caroline
- Frisoni, Giovanni B
- Binetti, Giuliano
- Pievani, Michela
- Bocchetta, Martina
- Benussi, Luisa
- Ghidoni, Roberta
- Finger, Elizabeth
- Sorbi, Sandro
- Nacmias, Benedetta
- Lombardi, Gemma
- Polito, Cristina
- Warren, Jason D
- Fox, Nick C
- Rossor, Martin N
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 253-262
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6742501
- OpenAlex
- W2106786486
- Cited by
- 538
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 18
- FWCI
- 41.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (103838/Z/14/Z, 103838, 088324, 091673, 091673/Z/10/Z)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0512-10033, NF-SI-0513-10134, NF-SI-0508-10123, CL-2012-18-010)
- Brain Research Trust
- University College London
- Ministero della Salute
- Swedish Brain Power
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Medical Research Council (MR/K006584/1, MR/M501724/1, MR/M023664/1, MR/M024873/1, MR/M008525/1, MR/J009482/1, MR/J01107X/1, MR/M009041/1)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/J020990/1, EP/M020533/1, EP/H046410/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- frontotemporal dementia, mutation carriers, progranulin, MAPT, C9orf72, executive function, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, cortical volume, subcortical volume, neuroimaging biomarkers, neurodegeneration, hereditary dementia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Neuropsychological Tests, Frontotemporal Dementia, Asymptomatic Diseases
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