An inflammation-induced mechanism for leukocyte transmigration across lymphatic vessel endothelium
Open accessAbstract
The exit of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes from inflamed skin to afferent lymph is vital for the initiation and maintenance of dermal immune responses. How such an exit is achieved and how cells transmigrate the distinct endothelium of lymphatic vessels are unknown. We show that inflammatory cytokines trigger activation of dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), leading to expression of the key leukocyte adhesion receptors intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin, as well as a discrete panel of chemokines and other potential regulators of leukocyte transmigration. Furthermore, we show that both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are induced in the dermal lymphatic vessels of mice exposed to skin contact hypersensitivity where they mediate lymph node trafficking of dendritic cells (DCs) via afferent lymphatics. Lastly, we show that tumor necrosis factor α stimulates both DC adhesion and transmigration of dermal LEC monolayers in vitro and that the process is efficiently inhibited by ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 adhesion-blocking monoclonal antibodies. These results reveal a CAM-mediated mechanism for recruiting leukocytes to the lymph nodes in inflammation and highlight the process of lymphatic transmigration as a potential new target for antiinflammatory therapy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Entry of DCs into initial LVs under inflammatory conditions is dependent upon integrins and their ligands.
“Entry of DCs into initial LVs under inflammatory conditions is thus dependent upon integrins and their ligands (109, 110).”
From Transport and Immune Functions of the Lymphatic System. (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are largely absent from LECs in the absence of inflammation but are induced by inflammation.
“This can be explained because ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are largely absent from LECs under such conditions but are induced by inflammation (109, 110).”
From Transport and Immune Functions of the Lymphatic System. (2025) · cites this paper as [109]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Carmichael, J., DeGraff, W., Gazdar, A. F., Minna, J. D., & Mitchell, J. B. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 3,813 · see citing works
Leukocyte-endothelial cell recognition: Three (or more) steps to specificity and diversity
Butcher, E. C. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90279-8 · Cited by 2,789 · see citing works
Förster, R., Schubel, A., Breitfeld, D., Kremmer, E., Renner‐Müller, I., Wolf, E., & Lipp, M. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80059-8 · Cited by 2,348 · see citing works
Mellman, I., & Steinman, R. M. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00449-4 · Cited by 2,256 · see citing works
LYVE-1, a New Homologue of the CD44 Glycoprotein, Is a Lymph-specific Receptor for Hyaluronan
Banerji, S., Ni, J., Wang, S.-X., Clasper, S., Su, J. Y., Tammi, R., Jones, M., & Jackson, D. G. (1999) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.144.4.789 · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works
Self-citationProx1 Function Is Required for the Development of the Murine Lymphatic System
Wigle, J. T., & Oliver, G. C. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81511-1 · Cited by 1,581 · see citing works
Dieu‐Nosjean, M., Vanbervliet, B., Vicari, A. P., Bridon, J., Oldham, E., Aït‐Yahia, S., Brière, F., Zlotnik, A., Lebecque, S., & Caux, C. (1998) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.188.2.373 · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works
Immune cell migration in inflammation: present and future therapeutic targets
Luster, A. D., Alon, R., & von Andrian, U. H. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1275 · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
Homing and cellular traffic in lymph nodes
von Andrian, U. H., & Mempel, T. R. (2003) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1222 · Cited by 1,271 · see citing works
Dendritic-cell trafficking to lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels
Randolph, G. J., Angeli, V., & Swartz, M. A. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1670 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
Angiosarcomas Express Mixed Endothelial Phenotypes of Blood and Lymphatic Capillaries
Breiteneder-Geleff, S., Soleiman, A., Kowalski, H., Horvat, R., Amann, G., Kriehuber, E., Diem, K., Weninger, W., Tschachler, E., Alitalo, K. K., et al. (1999) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65285-6 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
Gunn, M. D., Kyuwa, S., Tam‐Amersdorfer, C., Kakiuchi, T., Matsuzawa, A., Williams, L. T., & Nakano, H. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.189.3.451 · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
Dustin, M. L., & Springer, T. A. (1988) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.107.1.321 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
An essential role for Prox1 in the induction of the lymphatic endothelial cell phenotype
Wigle, J. T., Harvey, N., Detmar, M., Lagutina, I., Grosveld, G., Gunn, M. D., Jackson, D. G., & Oliver, G. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/21.7.1505 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of Dendritic Cell Migration to the Draining Lymph Node
Martín-Fontecha, A., Sebastiani, S., Höpken, U. E., Uguccioni, M., Lipp, M., Lanzavecchia, A., & Sallusto, F. (2003) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20030448 · Cited by 878 · see citing works
Mäkinen, T., Veikkola, T., Mustjoki, S. M., Kärpänen, T., Catimel, B., Nice, E. C., Wise, L. M., Mercer, A., Kowalski, H., Kerjaschki, D., et al. (2001) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/20.17.4762 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Leukocyte–endothelial-cell interactions in leukocyte transmigration and the inflammatory response
Müller, W. A. (2003) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00117-0 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
CCL27–CCR10 interactions regulate T cell–mediated skin inflammation
Homey, B., Alenius, H. T., Müller, A., Soto, H., Bowman, E. P., Yuan, W., McEvoy, L. M., Lauerma, A., Assmann, T., Bünemann, E., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0202-157 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Pober, J. S., Bevilacqua, M. P., Mendrick, D. L., Lapierre, L. A., Fiers, W., & Gimbrone, M. A. (1986) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.5.1680 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Carman, C. V., & Springer, T. A. (2004) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200404129 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Saeki, H., Moore, A. M., Brown, M. J., & Hwang, S. T. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2472 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Barreiro, O., Yáñez‐Mó, M., Serrador, J. M., Montoya, M. C., Vicente‐Manzanares, M., Tejedor, R., Furthmayr, H., & Sánchez‐Madrid, F. (2002) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200112126 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Sligh, J. E., Ballantyne, C. M., Rich, S. S., Hawkins, H. K., Smith, C. W., Bradley, A., & Beaudet, A. L. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.18.8529 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Inflammatory Chemokine Transport and Presentation in HEV
Palframan, R. T., Jung, S., Cheng, G., Weninger, W., Luo, Y., Dorf, M. E., Littman, D. R., Rollins, B. J., Zweerink, H. J., Rot, A., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.194.9.1361 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Carlos, T., Schwartz, B., Kovach, N. L., Yee, E., Rosa, M., Osborn, L., Chi-Rosso, G., Newman, B., Lobb, R. R., & Rosa, M. R. M. C. T. (1990) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v76.5.965.965 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Kriehuber, E., Breiteneder-Geleff, S., Gröger, M., Soleiman, A., SCHOPPMANN, S. F., Stingl, G., Kerjaschki, D., & Maurer, D. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.194.6.797 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in elicitation of allergic contact hypersensitivity
Grabbe, S., & Schwarz, T. (1998) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(97)01186-9 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Bromley, S. K., Thomas, S. Y., & Luster, A. D. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1240 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
CD99 plays a major role in the migration of monocytes through endothelial junctions
Schenkel, A. R., Mamdouh, Z., Chen, X., Liebman, R. M., & Müller, W. A. (2002) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni749 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of lymphatic endothelial cells
Podgrabinska, S., Falter‐Braun, P., Velasco, P., Kloos, B., Pepper, M. S., Jackson, D. G., & Skobe, M. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.242401399 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citationChemokine receptor CCR7 required for T lymphocyte exit from peripheral tissues
Debes, G. F., Arnold, C. N., Young, A. J., Krautwald, S., Lipp, M., Hay, J. B., & Butcher, E. C. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1238 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Mouse LYVE-1 Is an Endocytic Receptor for Hyaluronan in Lymphatic Endothelium
Prevo, R., Banerji, S., Ferguson, D. J. P., Clasper, S., & Jackson, D. G. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m011004200 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Self-citationLeukocyte extravasation: chemokine transport and presentation by the endothelium
Middleton, J., Patterson, A. M., Gardner, L., Schmutz, C., & Ashton, B. A. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v100.12.3853 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Locomotion of monocytes on endothelium is a critical step during extravasation
Schenkel, A. R., Mamdouh, Z., & Müller, W. A. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1051 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Hirakawa, S., Hong, Y., Harvey, N. L., Schacht, V., Matsuda, K. M., Libermann, T. A., & Detmar, M. J. (2003) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63851-5 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Millán, J., Hewlett, L. J., Glyn, M., Toomre, D. K., Clark, P., & Ridley, A. J. (2006) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1356 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Mackay, F., Loetscher, H., Stueber, D., Gehr, G., & Lesslauer, W. (1993) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.177.5.1277 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Oliver, G. C., & Detmar, M. J. (2002) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.975002 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Muller, W. A., Ratti, C. M., McDonnell, S. L., & Cohn, Z. A. (1989) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.170.2.399 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
"Tolerosomes" are produced by intestinal epithelial cells
Karlsson, M., Lundin, S. B., Dahlgren, U. I., Kahu, H., Pettersson, I., & Telemo, E. (2001) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2001010)31:10 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Structure, Function, and Molecular Control of the Skin Lymphatic System
Skobe, M., & Detmar, M. J. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.1046/j.1087-0024.2000.00001.x · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Monoclonal antibody PAL-E specific for endothelium.
Schlingemann, R. O., Dingjan, G. M., Emeis, J. J., Blok, J., Warnaar, S. O., & Ruiter, D. J. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Takei, F. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.134.3.1403 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Leak, L. V. (1970) · Microvascular Research · doi:10.1016/0026-2862(70)90031-2 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Jackson, D. G. (2004) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11207-0811.x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationEngelhardt, B., Laschinger, M., Schulz, M., Samulowitz, U., Vestweber, D., & Hoch, G. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci4271 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
The parting of the endothelium: miracle, or simply a junctional affair?
Johnson‐Léger, C., Aurrand‐Lions, M., & Imhof, B. A. (2000) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.113.6.921 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Martínez‐Lorenzo, M. J., Álava, M. A., Gamen, S., Kim, K. J., Chuntharapai, A., Piñeiro, A., Naval, J., & Anel, A. (1998) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199809)28:09 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Cera, M. R., Prete, A. D., Vecchi, A., Corada, M., Martín-Padura, I., Motoike, T., Tonetti, P., Bazzoni, G., Vermi, W., Gentili, F., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21231 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Stoitzner, P., Holzmann, S., McLellan, A. D., Ivarsson, L., Stössel, H., Kapp, M., Kämmerer, U., Douillard, P., Kämpgen, E., Koch, F., et al. (2003) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12042.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
A Close-Up View of Migrating Langerhans Cells in the Skin
Stoitzner, P., Stössel, H., Romani, N., & Pfaller, K. (2002) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01631.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The structure of lymphatic capillaries in lymph formation.
Leak, L. V. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Dittel, B. N., McCarthy, J. B., Wayner, E. A., & LeBien, T. W. (1993) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v81.9.2272.2272 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Müller, W. A., & Weigl, S. A. (1992) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.176.3.819 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Leukocyte transendothelial migration: A junctional affair
Luscinskas, F. W., Ma, S., Nusrat, A., Parkos, C. A., & Shaw, S. K. (2002) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1006/smim.2001.0347 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Structure function relationships in the lymphatic system and implications for cancer biology
Witte, M. H., Jones, K., Wilting, J., Dictor, M. R., Selg, M., McHale, N. G., Gershenwald, J. E., & Jackson, D. G. (2006) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-006-8496-2 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationEntry Into Afferent Lymphatics and Maturation In Situ of Migrating Murine Cutaneous Dendritic Cells
Weinlich, G., Heine, M., Stössel, H., Zanella, M., Stoitzner, P., Ortner, U., Smolle, J., Koch, F., Sepp, N. T., Schuler, G., et al. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00161.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Nisato, R. E., Harrison, J., Buser, R., Orci, L., Rinsch, C., Montesano, R., Dupraz, P., & Pepper, M. S. (2004) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63271-3 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Rubbia‐Brandt, L., Terris, B., Giostra, E., Dousset, B. E., Morel, P., & Pepper, M. S. (2004) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0397 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Epidermal Langerhans cell migration and sensitisation to chemical allergens
Cumberbatch, M., Dearman, R. J., Griffiths, C. E. M., & Kimber, I. (2003) · Apmis · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.11107811.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Banerji, S., Day, A. J., Kahmann, J. D., & Jackson, D. G. (1998) · Protein Expression and Purification · doi:10.1006/prep.1998.0971 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular identification of PAL-E, a widely used endothelial-cell marker
Niemelä, H., Elima, K., Henttinen, T. A., Irjala, H., Salmi, M., & Jalkanen, S. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-01-0254 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hoerr, I. (2000) · doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200001)30:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [4]Sallusto, F., P. Schaerli, P. Loetscher, C. Schaniel, D. Lenig, C.R. Mackay, S. Qin, and A. Lanzavecchia. 1998. Rapid and co-ordinated switch in chemokine receptor expression during dendritic cell maturation. Eur. J. Immunol. 28: 2760–2769. 9754563
- [13]Xu, H., H. Guan, G. Zu, D. Bullard, J. Hanson, M. Slater, and C.A. Elmets. 2001. The role of ICAM-1 molecule in the migration of Langerhans cells in the skin and regional lymph node. Eur. J. Immunol. 31: 3085–3093. 11592085 PMC4894309
- [14]Young, A.J., T.J. Seabrook, W.L. Marston, L. Dudler, and J.B. Hay. 2000. A role for lymphatic endothelium in the sequestration of recirculating gamma delta T cells in TNF-alpha-stimulated lymph nodes. Eur. J. Immunol. 30: 327–334. 10602056
- [40]Carlos, T.M., B.R. Schwarz, N.L. Kovach, E. Yee, M. Rosa, L. Osborn, G. Chi-Rosso, B. Newman, R. Lobb, and J.M. Harlan. 1990. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediates lymphocyte adherence to cytokine-activated cultured human endothelial cells. Blood. 76: 965–970. 1697486
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
Gajewski, T. F., Schreiber, H., & Fu, Y.-X. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2703 · Cited by 4,148 · see citing works
Hyaluronan as an Immune Regulator in Human Diseases
Jiang, D., Liang, J., & Noble, P. W. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00052.2009 · Cited by 1,060 · see citing works
Functionally specialized junctions between endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels
Baluk, P., Fuxe, J., Hashizume, H., Romano, T., Lashnits, E., Butz, S., Vestweber, D., Corada, M., Molendini, C., Dejana, E., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20062596 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Development and Function of Dendritic Cell Subsets
Mildner, A., & Jung, S. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.016 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Roles and Regulation in the Immune and Tumor Microenvironment
Harjunpää, H., Asens, M. L., Guenther, C., & Fagerholm, S. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01078 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Wiig, H., & Swartz, M. A. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2011 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Mouse pulmonary dose- and time course-responses induced by exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Porter, D. W., Hubbs, A. F., Mercer, R. R., Wu, N., Wolfarth, M. G., Sriram, K., Leonard, S. S., Battelli, L. A., Schwegler‐Berry, D., Friend, S., et al. (2009) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.017 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Mechanisms and Consequences of Dendritic Cell Migration
Álvarez, D., Vollmann, E. H., & von Andrian, U. H. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.08.006 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Oncogenic Pathway Combinations Predict Clinical Prognosis in Gastric Cancer
Ooi, C., Ivanova, T., Wu, J., Lee, M., Tan, I., Tao, J., Ward, L., Koo, J.-H., Gopalakrishnan, V., Zhu, Y.-S., et al. (2009) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000676 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Kataru, R. P., Jung, K., Jang, C., Yang, H., Schwendener, R. A., Baik, J. E., Han, S. H., Alitalo, K. K., & Koh, G. Y. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-09-176776 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology
Breslin, J. W., Yang, Y., Scallan, J. P., Sweat, R. S., Adderley, S., & Murfee, W. L. (2018) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c180015 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
The lymphatic system: integral roles in immunity
Randolph, G. J., Ivanov, S., Zinselmeyer, B. H., & Scallan, J. P. (2017) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055354 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Hyaluronan: Biosynthesis and signaling
Vigetti, D., Karousou, E., Viola, M., Deleonibus, S., Luca, G. D., & Passi, A. G. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.02.001 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Hos, D., Matthaei, M., Bock, F., Maruyama, K., Notara, M., Clahsen, T., Hou, Y., Le, V. N. H., Salabarria, A.-C., Horstmann, J., et al. (2019) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.001 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Preformed portals facilitate dendritic cell entry into afferent lymphatic vessels
Pflicke, H., & Sixt, M. (2009) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20091739 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Semaphorins guide the entry of dendritic cells into the lymphatics by activating myosin II
Takamatsu, H., Takegahara, N., Nakagawa, Y., Tomura, M., Taniguchi, M., Friedel, R. H., Rayburn, H., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Yoshida, Y., Okuno, T., et al. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1885 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
The Lymphatic System in Health and Disease
Cueni, L. N., & Detmar, M. J. (2008) · Lymphatic Research and Biology · doi:10.1089/lrb.2008.1008 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Tal, O., Lim, H. Y., Gurevich, I., Milo, I., Shipony, Z., Ng, L. G., Angeli, V., & Shakhar, G. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20102392 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Transmural Flow Modulates Cell and Fluid Transport Functions of Lymphatic Endothelium
Miteva, D., Rutkowski, J. M., Dixon, J. B., Kilarski, W. W., Shields, J. D., & Swartz, M. A. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.109.207274 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Ledgerwood, L. G., Lal, G., Zhang, N., Garin, A., Esses, S. J., Ginhoux, F., Mérad, M., Pêche, H., Lira, S. A., Ding, Y., et al. (2007) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1534 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Dubrot, J., Durães, F. V., Potin, L., Capotosti, F., Brighouse, D., Suter, T. B., LeibundGut‐Landmann, S., Garbi, N., Reith, W., Swartz, M. A., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20132000 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis: a double-edged sword?
Kim, H., Kataru, R. P., & Koh, G. Y. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci71607 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
CXCL9 and CXCL10 bring the heat to tumors
Reschke, R., & Gajewski, T. (2022) · Science immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abq6509 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Lymph node homing of T cells and dendritic cells via afferent lymphatics
Förster, R., Braun, A., & Worbs, T. (2012) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.02.007 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Emerging roles of lymphatic endothelium in regulating adaptive immunity.
Card, C., Yu, S. S., & Swartz, M. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci73316 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Computational and Experimental Models of Cancer Cell Response to Fluid Shear Stress
Mitchell, M. J., & King, M. R. (2013) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2013.00044 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Mast cell modulation of the vascular and lymphatic endothelium
Kunder, C. A., John, A. L. S., & Abraham, S. N. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-07-358432 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Podgrabinska, S., Kamalu, O., Mayer, L. F., Shimaoka, M., Snoeck, H. W., Randolph, G. J., & Skobe, M. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0802167 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Rantakari, P., Auvinen, K., Jäppinen, N., Kapraali, M., Valtonen, J., Karikoski, M., Gerke, H., Iftakhar-E-Khuda, I., Keuschnigg, J., Umemoto, E., et al. (2015) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3101 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Mechanisms for transcellular diapedesis: probing and pathfinding by `invadosome-like protrusions'
Carman, C. V. (2009) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.047522 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Langerhans Cells: Sensing the Environment in Health and Disease
Deckers, J., Hammad, H., & Hoste, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00093 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Johnson, L. A., Banerji, S., Lawrance, W., Gileadi, U., Prota, G., Holder, K. A., Roshorm, Y. M., Hanke, T., Cerundolo, V., Gale, N. W., et al. (2017) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3750 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationGarcı́a-Silva, S., Benito‐Martín, A., Nogués, L., Hernández‐Barranco, A., Mazariegos, M. S., Santos, V., Hergueta‐Redondo, M., Ximénez‐Embún, P., Kataru, R. P., López, A. A., et al. (2021) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-021-00272-y · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Lymphatic Migration of Immune Cells
Hampton, H. R., & Chtanova, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01168 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Johnson, L. A., & Jackson, D. G. (2010) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxq435 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationVigl, B., Aebischer, D., Nitschké, M., Iolyeva, M., Röthlin, T., Antsiferova, O., & Halin, C. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-12-326447 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Louveau, A., Mesquita, S. D., & Kipnis, J. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.027 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The Immunological Basis of Dry Eye Disease and Current Topical Treatment Options
Periman, L. M., Perez, V. L., Saban, D. R., Lin, M. C., & Neri, P. (2020) · Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/jop.2019.0060 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Hypercholesterolemic Mice Exhibit Lymphatic Vessel Dysfunction and Degeneration
Lim, H. Y., Rutkowski, J. M., Helft, J., Reddy, S. T., Swartz, M. A., Randolph, G. J., & Angeli, V. (2009) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080963 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Immunological functions of hyaluronan and its receptors in the lymphatics
Jackson, D. G. (2009) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00803.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationIFNγ-activated dermal lymphatic vessels inhibit cytotoxic T cells in melanoma and inflamed skin
Lane, R. S., Femel, J., Breazeale, A. P., Loo, C. P., Thibault, G., Kaempf, A. J., Mori, M., Tsujikawa, T., Chang, Y. H., & Lund, A. W. (2018) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20180654 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Transcutaneous and intradermal vaccination
Combadière, B., & Liard, C. (2011) · Human Vaccines · doi:10.4161/hv.7.8.16274 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Nanotoxicology—A Pathologist’s Perspective
Hubbs, A. F., Mercer, R. R., Benkovic, S. A., Harkema, J. R., Sriram, K., Schwegler‐Berry, D., Goravanahally, M. P., Nurkiewicz, T. R., Castranova, V., & Sargent, L. M. (2010) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1177/0192623310390705 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Inflammation-induced Uptake and Degradation of the Lymphatic Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptor LYVE-1
Johnson, L. A., Prevo, R., Clasper, S., & Jackson, D. G. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m702889200 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationJackson, D. G. (2018) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationT Cell Trafficking through Lymphatic Vessels
Hunter, M. C., Teijeira, Á., & Halin, C. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00613 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Stromal and hematopoietic cells in secondary lymphoid organs: partners in immunity
Malhotra, D., Fletcher, A. L., & Turley, S. J. (2013) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12023 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Swartz, M. A., Hubbell, J. A., & Reddy, S. T. (2008) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.11.007 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The Hepatic Lymphatic Vascular System: Structure, Function, Markers, and Lymphangiogenesis
Tanaka, M., & Iwakiri, Y. (2016) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.09.002 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of lymphatic vascular development
Mäkinen, T., Norrmén, C., & Petrova, T. V. (2007) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7040-z · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Liver Myofibroblasts Regulate Infiltration and Positioning of Lymphocytes in Human Liver
Holt, A. P., Shepherd, E. L., Lalor, P. F., Filer, A. D., Buckley, C. D., & Adams, D. (2008) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.10.020 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, C., Li, N., Li, Z., Chang, A., Chen, Y., Zhao, T., Li, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, W., Wang, Z., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14035 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Lawrance, W., Banerji, S., Day, A. J., Bhattacharjee, S., & Jackson, D. G. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.708305 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationLymphatic Dysfunction, Leukotrienes, and Lymphedema
Jiang, X., Nicolls, M. R., Tian, W., & Rockson, S. G. (2017) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034008 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The microanatomy of T‐cell responses
Lämmermann, T., & Sixt, M. (2008) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00592.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Regulation of tumor invasion by interstitial fluid flow
Shieh, A. C., & Swartz, M. A. (2011) · Physical Biology · doi:10.1088/1478-3975/8/1/015012 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Mechanisms of lymphatic metastasis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma
Royston, D. J., & Jackson, D. G. (2009) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.2517 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationGüç, E., Briquez, P. S., Foretay, D., Fankhauser, M., Hubbell, J. A., Kilarski, W. W., & Swartz, M. A. (2017) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.033 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Leucocyte trafficking via the lymphatic vasculature—mechanisms and consequences
Jackson, D. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00471 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Express Multiple Functional TLRs
Pegu, A., Qin, S., Junecko, B. A. F., Nisato, R. E., Pepper, M. S., & Reinhart, T. A. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3399 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Lymphatic endothelium in health and disease
Jurisic, G., & Detmar, M. J. (2008) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-008-0644-2 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of Crohnʼs disease
von der Weid, P., Rehal, S., & Ferraz, J. G. (2011) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e3283476e8f · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Teijeira, A., Hunter, M. C., Russo, E., Proulx, S. T., Frei, T., Debes, G. F., Coles, M., Melero, I., Detmar, M., Rouzaut, A., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.078 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Macrophage mannose receptor on lymphatics controls cell trafficking
Marttila‐Ichihara, F., Turja, R., Miiluniemi, M., Karikoski, M., Maksimow, M., Niemelä, J., Martínez‐Pomares, L., Salmi, M., & Jalkanen, S. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-10-118984 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Targeting mesenchymal stem cells to activated endothelial cells
Ko, I. K., Kean, T. J., & Dennis, J. E. (2009) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.038 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
LFA-1/ICAM-1 Interaction as a Therapeutic Target in Dry Eye Disease
Pflugfelder, S. C., Stern, M. E., Zhang, S., & Shojaei, A. (2016) · Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/jop.2016.0105 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Yurkovetsky, Z. R., Ta’asan, S., Skates, S. J., Rand, A., Lomakin, A., Linkov, F. Y., Marrangoni, A., Velikokhatnaya, L., Winans, M., & Gorelik, E. (2007) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.05.041 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
A Novel Gene Expression Profile in Lymphatics Associated with Tumor Growth and Nodal Metastasis
Clasper, S., Royston, D. J., Baban, D. F., Cao, Y., Ewers, S., Butz, S., Vestweber, D., & Jackson, D. G. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6506 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationDendritic Cell Migration Through the Lymphatic Vasculature to Lymph Nodes
Platt, A. M., & Randolph, G. J. (2013) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417028-5.00002-8 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Xiong, Y., Piao, W., Brinkman, C. C., Li, L., Kulinski, J. M., Olivera, A., Cartier, A., Hla, T., Hippen, K. L., Blazar, B. R., et al. (2019) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aav1263 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Cell Traffic and the Lymphatic Endothelium
Johnson, L. A., & Jackson, D. G. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1413.011 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationImmune Interactions in Hepatic Fibrosis
Holt, A. P., Salmon, M., Buckley, C. D., & Adams, D. (2008) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2008.07.002 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationThe chemokine CX3CL1 promotes trafficking of dendritic cells through inflamed lymphatics
Johnson, L. A., & Jackson, D. G. (2013) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.135343 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation and implications of inflammatory lymphangiogenesis
Kim, H., Kataru, R. P., & Koh, G. Y. (2012) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.03.006 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell migration in immunity and cancer
de Winde, C. M., Munday, C., & Acton, S. E. (2020) · Medical Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/s00430-020-00680-4 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Nitschké, M., Aebischer, D., Abadier, M., Häner, S., Lucic, M., Vigl, B., Luche, H., Fehling, H. J., Biehlmaier, O., Lyck, R., et al. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-03-417923 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Junctions: Molecular Regulation in Physiology and Diseases
Zhang, F., Zarkada, G., Yi, S., & Eichmann, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00509 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Lymphangiogenesis: in vitro and in vivo models
Bruyére, F., & Noël, A. (2009) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-132852 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Lymphatic endothelial cells - key players in regulation of tolerance and immunity
Tewalt, E. F., Cohen, J. N., Rouhani, S. J., & Engelhard, V. H. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00305 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Brown, M. N., Fintushel, S. R., Lee, M. H., Jennrich, S., Geherin, S. A., Hay, J. B., Butcher, E. C., & Debes, G. F. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1000676 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
D6 facilitates cellular migration and fluid flow to lymph nodes by suppressing lymphatic congestion
Lee, K. M., McKimmie, C. S., Gilchrist, D. S., Pallas, K. J., Nibbs, R. J. B., Garside, P., McDonald, V., Jenkins, C. R., Ransohoff, R. M., Liu, L., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-03-344044 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Vaahtomeri, K., Brown, M., Hauschild, R., De Vries, I., Leithner, A. F., Mehling, M., Kaufmann, W. A., & Sixt, M. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.027 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Hsu, M., Laaker, C. J., Madrid, A., Herbáth, M., Choi, Y. H., Sándor, M., & Fábry, Z. (2022) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-022-01158-6 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Wick, N., Haluza, D., Gurnhofer, E., Raab, I., Kasimir, M., Prinz, M., Steiner, C.-W., Reinisch, C. M., Howorka, A., Giovanoli, P., et al. (2008) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2008.080101 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Homeostatic maintenance of the lymphatic vasculature
Stritt, S., Koltowska, K., & Mäkinen, T. (2021) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.003 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Rigby, D. A., Ferguson, D. J. P., Johnson, L. A., & Jackson, D. G. (2015) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1hi0415-149r · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationAn analysis of the function and expression of D6 on lymphatic endothelial cells
McKimmie, C. S., Singh, M. D., Hewit, K. D., López‐Franco, Ó., Brocq, M. L. L., Rose‐John, S., Lee, K. M., Baker, A. H., Wheat, R. L., Blackbourn, D. J., et al. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-04-425314 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The lymphatic vasculature: development and role in shaping immunity
Betterman, K. L., & Harvey, N. L. (2016) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12413 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Shen, T., Lin, Y., Chen, B., Ruan, Y., Cao, Y., Qiao, Y., Man, Y., Wang, S., & Li, J. (2013) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/aps.2013.46 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Lymphatic exosomes promote dendritic cell migration along guidance cues
Brown, M. K., Johnson, L. A., Leone, D. A., Májek, P., Vaahtomeri, K., Senfter, D., Bukosza, N., Schachner, H., Asfour, G., Langer, B., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201612051 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationRodriguez-Ruiz, M. E., Garasa, S., Rodríguez, I., Solórzano, J. L., Barbés, B., Yanguas, A., Teijeira, Á., Etxeberría, I., Aristu, J., Halin, C., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.043 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Li, X., Han, Y., Zhou, Q., Jie, H., He, Y., Han, J., He, J., Jiang, Y., & Sun, E. (2015) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.12717 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Treg engage lymphotoxin beta receptor for afferent lymphatic transendothelial migration
Brinkman, C. C., Iwami, D., Hritzo, M. K., Xiong, Y., Ahmad, S., Simon, T., Hippen, K. L., Blazar, B. R., & Bromberg, J. S. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12021 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The inflammatory response of lymphatic endothelium
Aebischer, D., Iolyeva, M. E., & Halin, C. (2013) · Angiogenesis · doi:10.1007/s10456-013-9404-3 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Lymphatic vessels in the age of cancer immunotherapy
Karakousi, T. R., Mudianto, T., & Lund, A. W. (2024) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-024-00681-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Murine Cytomegalovirus Spreads by Dendritic Cell Recirculation
Farrell, H. E., Bruce, K. L., Lawler, C., Oliveira, M. T., Cardin, R. D., Davis-Poynter, N. J., & Stevenson, P. G. (2017) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01264-17 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Teo, G. S. L., Yang, Z., Carman, C. V., Karp, J. M., & Lin, C. P. (2014) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.1848 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
CNS-Draining Meningeal Lymphatic Vasculature: Roles, Conundrums and Future Challenges
das Neves, S. P., Delivanoglou, N., & Mesquita, S. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.655052 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Stock, A. T., Booth, S., & Cerundolo, V. (2011) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20101967 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The lymphatic system and pancreatic cancer
Fink, D. M., Steele, M. M., & Hollingsworth, M. A. (2015) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.048 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
- Authors
- Johnson, L. A., Clasper, S., Holt, A. P., Lalor, P. F., Baban, D., & Jackson, D. G.
- Affiliations
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2006-11-20
- Volume
- 203
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2763-2777
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2118156
- OpenAlex
- W2163380226
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 9.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lymphatic System and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lymphatic Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- leukocyte transmigration, lymphatic endothelium, dermal lymphatic vessels, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, chemokines, dendritic cells, lymph node trafficking, afferent lymphatics, TNF-α, inflammatory cytokines, leukocyte adhesion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Dermatitis, Contact, Endothelium, Lymphatic, Humans, Leukocytes, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Lymphatic Vessels, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
