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Cited by 91Astrophysical Phenomena and ObservationsGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena

MAPPING THE NUCLEAR OUTFLOW OF THE MILKY WAY: STUDYING THE KINEMATICS AND SPATIAL EXTENT OF THE NORTHERN FERMI BUBBLE

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Bordoloi, Rongmon, Fox, Andrew J., Lockman, Felix J., Wakker, Bart P., Jenkins, Edward B., Savage, Blair D., Hernandez, Svea, Tumlinson, Jason +2 more·2017·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/191
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Abstract

We report new observations from a systematic, spectroscopic, ultraviolet absorption-line survey that maps the spatial and kinematic properties of the high velocity gas in the Galactic Center (GC) region. We examine the hypothesis that this gas traces the biconical nuclear outflow. We use an ultraviolet spectra of 47 background QSOs and halo stars projected inside and outside the northern Fermi Bubble from the Hubble Space Telescope to study the incidence of high velocity absorption around it. We use five lines of sight inside the northern Fermi Bubble to constrain the velocity and column densities of outflowing gas traced by O i, Al ii, C ii, C iv, Si ii, Si iii, Si iv, and other species. We find that all five lines of sight inside the northern Fermi Bubble exhibit blueshifted high velocity absorption components, whereas only 9 out of the 42 lines of sight outside the northern Fermi Bubble exhibit blueshifted high velocity absorption components. The observed outflow velocity profile decreases with Galactic latitude and radial distance (R) from the GC. The observed blueshifted velocities change from at R ≈ 2.3 kpc to at R ≈ 6.5 kpc. We derive the metallicity of the entrained gas along the 1H1613-097 sightline, one that passes through the center of the northern Fermi Bubble, finding [O/H] ≳ −0.54 ± 0.15. A simple kinematic model, tuned to match the observed absorption component velocities along the five lines of sight inside the Bubble, constrains the outflow velocities to ≈1000–1300 , and the age of the outflow to be ∼6–9 Myr. We estimate a minimum mass outflow rate for the nuclear outflow to be . Combining the age and mass outflow rates, we determine a minimum mass of total UV-absorbing cool gas entrained in the Fermi Bubbles to be .

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  • The model also recovers the kinematics of the warm absorption clouds (v_los ∼ ±200 km/s).

    “The model also recovers the kinematics of the warm absorption clouds ( v los ∼ ± 200 km s -1 ) as discussed in section 2.5.2 (also Fox et al. 2015; Bordoloi et al. 2017).”

    From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Bordoloi et al. 2017

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., & Sauval, A. J. 2005, in ASP Conf. Ser. 336, Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, ed. T. G. Barnes, III & F. N. Bash (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 25
  2. Bordoloi, R., Heckman, T. M., & Norman, C. A. 2016a, arXiv:1605.07187 · arXiv
  3. Heckman, T. M. 2002, in ASP Conf. Ser. 254, Extragalactic Gas at Low Redshift, ed. J. S. Mulchaey & J. T. Stocke (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 292
  4. Heckman, T. M., Alexandroff, R. M., Borthakur, S., Overzier, R., & Leitherer, C. 2015, arXiv:1507.05622 · arXiv
  5. Lockman, F. J., & McClure-Griffiths, N. M. 2016, arXiv:1605.01140 · arXiv
  6. Miller, M. J., & Bregman, J. N. 2016, arXiv:1607.04906 · arXiv
  7. L. O. Sjouwerman, C. C. Lang, & J. Ott (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 390
  8. Wakker, B. P., & van Woerden, H. 1997, ARA&A, 35, 217 · DOI

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Authors
Bordoloi, R., Fox, A. J., Lockman, F. J., Wakker, B. P., Jenkins, E. B., Savage, B. D., Hernandez, S., Tumlinson, J., Bland-Hawthorn, J., & Kim, T.-S.
Affiliations
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • Princeton University (US)
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • Trieste Astronomical Observatory (IT)
Corresponding author
Bordoloi, Rongmon
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2017-01-10
Volume
834
Issue
2
Pages
191
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/191
OpenAlex
W2577157051
Cited by
91
References
82
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6
FWCI
6.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (NAS 5-26555)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAS 526555, 526555)
  • Space Telescope Science Institute (NAS5- 26555, 5-26555, 26555)
  • National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Keywords
Fermi bubbles, Galactic Center, UV absorption, outflow kinematics, metallicity, mass outflow rate, biconical outflow, quasar absorption lines, halo stars

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