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Bipolar Hypershell Galactic Center Starburst Model: Further Evidence from ROSAT Data and New Radio and X‐Ray Simulations

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Sofue, Yoshiaki·2000·The Astrophysical Journal

DOI 10.1086/309297

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Abstract

Using the all-sky ROSAT soft X-ray and 408 MHz radio continuum data, we show that the North Polar Spur (NPS) and its western and southern counterspurs draw a giant dumbbell shape necked at the Galactic plane. We interpret these features as due to a shock front originating from a starburst 15 million years ago with a total energy of the order of ~10 56 ergs or 10 5 Type II supernovae. We simulate all-sky distributions of radio continuum and soft X-ray intensities based on the bipolar hypershell Galactic center starburst model. The simulations can well reproduce the radio NPS and related spurs, as well as radio spurs in the tangential directions of spiral arms. Simulated X-ray maps in the 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5 keV bands reproduce the ROSAT X-ray NPS, its western and southern counterspurs, and the absorption layer along the Galactic plane. We propose to use the ROSAT all-sky maps to probe the physics of gas in the halo-intergalactic interface, and to directly date and measure the energy of a recent Galactic center starburst.

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Authors: Sofue, Y.
Affiliations: The University of Tokyo (JP)
Corresponding author: Sofue, Yoshiaki
ORCID: Sofue, Yoshiaki
Venue: The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Published: 2000-09
Volume: 540
Issue: 1
Pages: 224-235
ISSN: 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
1538-4357
DOI: 10.1086/309297
OpenAlex: W2050914817
Cited by: 102
References: 17
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 2.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Topics: Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Keywords: North Polar Spur, shock front, Type II supernovae, radio continuum emission, Galactic halo

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Bipolar Hypershell Galactic Center Starburst Model: Further Evidence from ROSAT Data and New Radio and X‐Ray Simulations

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