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Cited by 2Astrophysics and Cosmic PhenomenaAstrophysical Phenomena and ObservationsGamma-ray bursts and supernovae

Evidence for powerful winds and the associated reverse shock as the origin of the Fermi bubbles

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Fujita, Yutaka·2022·Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
DOI 10.1093/mnras/stac3312
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Abstract

The Fermi bubbles are large gamma-ray-emitting structures. They are symmetric about the Galactic Centre (GC), and their creation is therefore attributed to intensive energy injection at the GC. In this study, we focus on the non-equilibrium X-ray gas structures associated with the bubbles. We show that a combination of the density, temperature, and shock age profiles of the X-ray gas can be used to distinguish the energy-injection mechanisms. By comparing the results of numerical simulations with observations, we indicate that the bubbles were created by a fast wind from the GC because it generates a strong reverse shock and reproduces the observed temperature peak there. On the other hand, instantaneous energy injection at the GC cannot reproduce the temperature profile. The wind had a speed of ${\sim} 1000\rm \: km\: s^{-1}$, and blew for ∼107 yr. Because the mass flux of the wind is large, the entrainment of interstellar gas by wide-angle outflows from the black hole is required. Thus, the wind may be the same as active galactic nuclei outflows often observed in other galaxies and thought to regulate the growth of galaxies and their central black holes.

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Crossref · 10.1093/mnras/stac3312

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  • Wind-driven bubbles with power L_wind ∼10^42 erg/s are also consistent with the estimated non-equilibrium temperature (∼0.7 keV) from the Suzaku telescope.

    “More recently, Fujita (2023) showed that wind-driven bubbles with power, L wind ∼ 10 42 erg s -1 ) are also consistent with the estimated non-equilibrium temperature ( ∼ 0 . 7 keV) from the Suzaku telescope (Yamamoto et al. 2022).”

    From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Fujita 2023

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Authors
Fujita, Y.
Affiliations
Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP)
Corresponding author
Fujita, Yutaka
ORCID
Fujita, Yutaka
Venue
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2022-11-12
Volume
518
Issue
3
Pages
4551-4556
ISSN
  • 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2966
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stac3312
OpenAlex
W4308833313
Cited by
2
References
22
Citations by year
2024: 2
FWCI
0.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
KAKENHI (20H00181, 22H00158, 22H01268)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
Keywords
Fermi bubbles, reverse shock, Galactic Center, fast solar wind, X-ray gas, energy injection, black hole outflows, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray emission, AGN feedback

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