Spectroscopic Target Selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Main Galaxy Sample
Open accessAbstract
We describe the algorithm that selects the main sample of galaxies for spectroscopy in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) from the photometric data obtained by the imaging survey. Galaxy photometric properties are measured using the Petrosian magnitude system, which measures flux in apertures determined by the shape of the surface brightness profile. The metric aperture used is essentially independent of cosmological surface brightness dimming, foreground extinction, sky brightness, and the galaxy central surface brightness. The main galaxy sample consists of galaxies with r -band Petrosian magnitudes r ≤ 17.77 and r -band Petrosian half-light surface brightnesses μ 50 ≤ 24.5 mag arcsec -2 . These cuts select about 90 galaxy targets per square degree, with a median redshift of 0.104. We carry out a number of tests to show that (1) our star-galaxy separation criterion is effective at eliminating nearly all stellar contamination while removing almost no genuine galaxies, (2) the fraction of galaxies eliminated by our surface brightness cut is very small (∼0.1%), (3) the completeness of the sample is high, exceeding 99%, and (4) the reproducibility of target selection based on repeated imaging scans is consistent with the expected random photometric errors. The main cause of incompleteness is blending with saturated stars, which becomes more significant for brighter, larger galaxies. The SDSS spectra are of high enough signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 4 per pixel) that essentially all targeted galaxies (99.9%) yield a reliable redshift (i.e., with statistical error less than 30 km s -1 ). About 6% of galaxies that satisfy the selection criteria are not observed because they have a companion closer than the 55'' minimum separation of spectroscopic fibers, but these galaxies can be accounted for in statistical analyses of clustering or galaxy properties. The uniformity and completeness of the galaxy sample make it ideal for studies of large-scale structure and the characteristics of the galaxy population in the local universe.
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SDSS imaging is incomplete at surface brightnesses fainter than μ_r ≤ 23 mag arcsec^-2.
“SDSS imaging is incomplete at surface brightnesses fainter than 𝜇 𝑟 ≤ 23 mag arcsec -2 (Strauss et al. 2002)”
From Detecting galaxy tidal features using self-supervised representation learning (2024) · cites this paper as Strauss et al. 2002
Section 4.4 (page unavailable) says imaging detection limits create an implicit surface-brightness cut for redshift surveys. But its 23 mag arcsec⁻² value marks where the main sample stops targeting all eligible galaxies without an additional criterion; it does not establish that SDSS imaging becomes incomplete there. The paper describes imaging candidates and selected spectroscopic targets at fainter surface brightnesses. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDue to flux and quality cuts applied when selecting spectroscopic targets, galaxies with specz labels have a distinct bias towards nearby bright objects with low galactic extinction.
“For example, due to the series of flux and quality cuts applied when selecting spectroscopic targets (Strauss et al. 2002), galaxies with specz labels have a distinct bias towards nearby bright objects with low galactic extinction.”
From Self-supervised Representation Learning for Astronomical Images (2021) · cites this paper as Strauss et al. 2002
Section 4.1 (page unavailable) describes an r-band magnitude limit of 17.77, and §5.2 reports a median redshift of 0.104; the paper also describes photometric quality cuts. These support selection toward apparently bright, relatively nearby galaxies. But §4.1 says magnitudes are corrected for Galactic extinction before selection, and the cited passages do not establish a distinct bias toward low-extinction sightlines. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Strauss, M. A., Weinberg, D. H., Lupton, R. H., Narayanan, V. K., Annis, J., Bernardi, M., Blanton, M., Burles, S., Connolly, A. J., Dalcanton, J., Doi, M., Eisenstein, D., Frieman, J. A., Fukugita, M., Gunn, J. E., Ivezić, Ž., Kent, S., Kim, R. S. J., Knapp, G. R., Kron, R. G., Munn, J. A., Newberg, H. J., Nichol, R. C., Okamura, S., Quinn, T. R., Richmond, M. W., Schlegel, D. J., Shimasaku, K., SubbaRao, M., Szalay, A. S., Vanden Berk, D., Vogeley, M. S., Yanny, B., Yasuda, N., York, D. G., & Zehavi, I.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Institute for Advanced Study (US)
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Research Center for the Early Universe (JP)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- United States Naval Observatory (US)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Rochester Institute of Technology (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (JP)
- ORCID
- Strauss, Michael A.
- Weinberg, David H.
- Lupton, Robert H.
- Blanton, Michael
- Connolly, A. J.
- Dalcanton, Julianne
- Eisenstein, Daniel
- Frieman, Joshua A.
- Ivezić, Željko
- Kent, Stephen
- Knapp, G. R.
- Kron, Richard G.
- Munn, Jeffrey A.
- Newberg, Heidi Jo
- Nichol, R. C.
- Quinn, Thomas R.
- Richmond, Michael W.
- Schlegel, David J.
- Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
- SubbaRao, Mark
- Szalay, Alexander S.
- Vogeley, Michael S.
- Yanny, Brian
- Yasuda, Naoki
- York, Donald G.
- Zehavi, Idit
- Venue
- The Astronomical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1810-1824
- ISSN
- 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-3881
- OpenAlex
- W2026619221
- Cited by
- 1,909
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 102 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 120
- FWCI
- 45.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astronomical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- Sloan Digital Sky Survey, star-galaxy separation, sampling completeness, galaxy blending, galaxy redshifts, large-scale structure
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