The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The87Sr optical frequency standard at PTB
Open accessAbstract
With 87 Sr atoms confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice, the frequency of the optical clock transition 5s 2 1 S 0 –5s5p 3 P 0 has been determined to be 429 228 004 229 872.9(5) Hz. The transition frequency was measured with the help of a femtosecond-frequency comb against one of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB's) H-masers whose frequency was measured simultaneously by the PTB Cs-fountain clock CSF1. The Sr optical frequency standard contributes with a fractional uncertainty of 1.5 × 10 −16 to the total uncertainty. The agreement of the measured transition frequency with previous measurements at other institutes supports the status of this transition as the secondary representation of the second with the currently smallest uncertainty.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“With a lifetime of the excited clock state of about 120 s [44-46] and the light shift coefficient of about -13 Hzcm 2 W -1 [47], we estimate a negligible clock laser induced light shift of few 10 -19 .”
From Long-distance chronometric leveling with a portable optical clock (2024) · cites this paper as [46]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Frequency Ratio of Al+and Hg+Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place
Rosenband, T., Hume, D. B., Schmidt, P. O., Chou, C. W., Brusch, A., Lorini, L., Oskay, W. H., Drullinger, R. E., Fortier, T. M., Stalnaker, J. E., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1154622 · Cited by 1,450
Frequency Comparison of Two High-Accuracy Al + Optical Clocks
Chou, C., Hume, D., Koelemeij, J., Wineland, D., & Rosenband, T. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.070802 · Cited by 903
Chou, C. W., Hume, D. B., Rosenband, T., & Wineland, D. J. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1192720 · Cited by 828
Ultrastable Optical Clock with Neutral Atoms in an Engineered Light Shift Trap
Katori, H., Takamoto, M., Pal’chikov, V. G., & Ovsiannikov, V. D. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.173005 · Cited by 580
Sr Lattice Clock at 1 × 10 –16 Fractional Uncertainty by Remote Optical Evaluation with a Ca Clock
Ludlow, A. D., Zelevinsky, T., Campbell, G. K., Blatt, S., Boyd, M. M., de Miranda, M. H. G., Martin, M. J., Thomsen, J. W., Foreman, S. M., Ye, J., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1153341 · Cited by 554
Hertz-Level Measurement of the Optical Clock Frequency in a Single 88 Sr + Ion
Margolis, H. S., Barwood, G. P., Huang, G., Klein, H. A., Lea, S. N., Szymaniec, K., & Gill, P. R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1105497 · Cited by 302
Porsev, S. G., & Derevianko, A. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.74.020502 · Cited by 279
Sub-Hertz Optical Frequency Comparisons between Two Trapped Yb+171 Ions
Schneider, T., Peik, E., & Tamm, C. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.230801 · Cited by 205
Nuclear spin effects in optical lattice clocks
Boyd, M. M., Zelevinsky, T., Ludlow, A. D., Blatt, S., Zanon-Willette, T., Foreman, S. M., & Ye, J. (2007) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.76.022510 · Cited by 186
Suppression of Collisional Shifts in a Strongly Interacting Lattice Clock
Swallows, M. D., Bishof, M., Lin, Y., Blatt, S., Martin, M. J., Rey, A. M., & Ye, J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1196442 · Cited by 181
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 2009, Report of the 98th Meeting of the Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM)
- Gill P Riehle F, 2006, Proc. 2006 Meeting of the European Frequency and Time Forum
- Weyers S Bauch A Schröder R Tamm C Gill P, 2002, Frequency Standards and Metrology, Proc. 6th Symp., 64
- 1993, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement ISO/TAG 4
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–130 of 130
Narrow linewidth lasers for use with neutral strontium as a frequency standard
Johnson, S. C. (2013) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 2
Arora, P., & Gupta, A. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1550-5_21-1 · Cited by 2
Superradiant active optical atomic clocks: motivations and current challenges
Matusko, M., & Delehaye, M. (2024) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012045 · Cited by 1
171 Yb optical lattice clock with uncertainty below 5×10 −18
Zhang, T., Jin, T., 戚其超, Lei, S., Xia, Y., Zhang, J., Chang, H., Feng, S., Liu, X., Wang, J., et al. (2026) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/1681-7575/ae4aaf · Cited by 1
Purely optical macroscopic trap for alkaline-earth and similar atoms
Николаевич, П. О., Yudin, V. I., Ilenkov, R. Y., & Taǐchenachev, A. V. (2026) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0310814 · Cited by 1
“The temperature and size of trapped atoms in such a potential can be obtained from steady-state solution of the Fokker-Planck equation (11).”
Kuraptsev, A. S. (2015) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/594/1/012047 · Cited by 1
A compact narrow-linewidth laser with a low-Qmonolithic cavity
Yu, P. (2013) · Laser Physics · doi:10.1088/1054-660x/23/10/105809 · Cited by 1
Comparison of two Strontium optical lattice clocks in agreement at the 10−16 level
Targat, R. L., Gartman, R., Lorini, L., Nagórny, B., Gurov, M., Lemonde, P., Zawada, M., & Lodewyck, J. (2012) · Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS) · doi:10.1109/fcs.2012.6243652 · Cited by 1
“The research on Optical Lattice Clocks (OLCs) has been so fruitful in the last 10 years that state-of-the-art experiments in this field are henceforth more accurate than the microwave standards ([1], [2], [3]).”
BackgroundSpecies of vacuum chamber design with cryogenic cooling for strontium optical clocks
Gurov, M., Gurova, E. G., Rozanov, S. B., & Slyusarev, S. N. (2020) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1661/1/012140 · Cited by 1
Interrogation of spin polarized clock transition in strontium optical lattice clock
Guo, Y., Mo-Juan, Y., Xu, Q., Ye-Bing, W., Ben-Quan, L., Jie, R., Fang-Jing, Z., & Hong, C. (2018) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.67.20172759 · Cited by 1
Realization and characterization of optical frequency standards
Pizzocaro, M. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.6092/polito/porto/2506152 · Cited by 1
“Optical lattice clock are presently developed worldwide based on strontium [38–41], magnesium [42], mercury [43] and ytterbium atoms [44–49].”
BackgroundResultIdo, T. (2012) · MAPAN · doi:10.1007/s12647-012-0008-y
“Experiments are currently being promoted with the atomic species such as strontium (Sr), ytterbium (Yb) and mercury (Hg); clock operations have been realized for Sr at the University of Tokyo [5], JILA [6], SYRTE [7], PTB [8], and NICT [9].”
BackgroundProspects for frequency comparison of Sr and Hg optical lattice clocks toward 10−18 uncertainties
Katori, H., Takamoto, M., Takano, T., Ushijima, I., Ohkubo, T., Yamanaka, K., Ohmae, N., Aso, Y., Shoda, A., Ushiba, T., et al. (2012) · Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS) · doi:10.1109/fcs.2012.6243688
Possibilities for a future redefinition of the second
Gill, P. R., & Riehle, F. (2012) · Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements · doi:10.1109/cpem.2012.6250864
Self-citationMiddelmann, T., Falke, S., Lisdat, C., & Sterr, U. (2012) · Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements · doi:10.1109/cpem.2012.6251081
Self-citationComparing PTB's optical 171Yb+ ion and 87Sr lattice clock
Grebing, C., Falke, S., Huntemann, N., Lemke, N., Lipphardt, B., Sterr, U., Tamm, C., Schnatz, H., Peik, E., & Lisdat, C. (2013) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) · doi:10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801751
“Clocks based on ultra-narrow optical transitions of single ions or atom ensembles are today’s most stable frequency standards and, moreover, their accuracy has surpassed that of microwave clocks [1,2].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDeveloping a narrow-line laser spectrometer based on a tunable continuous-wave dye laser
Wang, C., Lv, S., Liu, F., Bi, J., Li, L., & Chen, L. (2014) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.4893014
The development towards the optical lattice clock of strontium atom in National Time Service Center
Tian, X. N., Wang, Y. B., Liu, H., Gao, F., Ren, J., Lu, B. Q., Xu, Q. F., Xie, Y., & Chang, H. (2014) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2068993
Optical lattice clocks: Hz-level spectral width with sub-Hz reproducibility
Ido, T. (2012) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/397/1/012003
Direct frequency comparison between a single Ca+ clock and a Sr lattice clock
Matsubara, K., Hachisu, H., Nagano, S., Li, Y., Nogami, A., Locke, C. R., Hayasaka, K., Hosokawa, M., & Ido, T. (2013) · Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS) · doi:10.1109/eftf-ifc.2013.6702220
Absolute frequency measurement at 10-16level based on the international atomic time
Hachisu, H., Fujieda, M., Kumagai, M., & Ido, T. (2016) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012042
Horloges à réseau optique au strontium
Lodewyck, J., Targat, R. L., Bilicki, S., Bookjans, E., & Vallet, G. (2016) · Revue française de métrologie · doi:10.1051/rfm/2016006
Atom Interferometry for Detection of Gravitational Waves
Saif, B. N., Hogan, J. M., & Kasevich, M. A. (2013) · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)
Wang, Q., Zhang, N., Wei, R., & Wang, Y. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1909.04218
Dynamic decoupling of laser phase noise in compound atomic clocksPreprint
Dörscher, S., Al-Masoudi, A., Bober, M., Schwarz, R., Hobson, R., Sterr, U., & Lisdat, C. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.13146
Self-citationMcCarthy, D. D., & Seidelmann, P. K. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108178365.013
Brillion selection of a single mode from dense Optical Frequency Comb
Terra, O. (2023) · Frontiers in Optics · doi:10.1364/fio.2023.jm7a.121
DBR Lasers at 679.29 and 707.20 nm for Efficient Repumping in Sr Optical Lattice Clocks
Goossen-Schmidt, N., Arar, B., Fricke, J., Häusler, K., Maaßdorf, A., Schiemangk, M., Szermer, S., Wenzel, H., & Wicht, A. (2025) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2025.3591153
“For an e ffi cient excitation of the clock transition, Sr atoms need to be pumped back into ground state using the 3 P 0 ↔ 3 S 1 transition at 679.29 nm with a linewidth of 1.4 MHz and the 3 P 2 ↔ 3 S 1 transition at 707.20 nm with a linewidth of 7 MHz [2].”
InfluentialResearch progress on precision measurement based on optical clocks
Xiaotong, L., Jin, C., & Hong, C. S. (2025) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.75.20251594 · Cited by 1
Liu, Z., Wang, Q., Li, Y., & Wei, R. (2026) · Quantum Review Letters · doi:10.1016/j.qrl.2026.04.001
Metadata
- Authors
- Falke, S., Schnatz, H., Winfred, J. S. R. V., Middelmann, T., Vogt, S., Weyers, S., Lipphardt, B., Grosche, G., Riehle, F., Sterr, U., & Lisdat, C.
- Affiliations
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (DE)
- Venue
- Metrologia
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2011-09-12
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 399-407
- ISSN
- 0026-1394 (ISSN-L)
- 1681-7575
- OpenAlex
- W2016860894
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 9.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Metrologia (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- strontium-87, optical frequency standard, optical clock transition, one-dimensional optical lattice, femtosecond optical frequency comb, cesium fountain clock, atomic clocks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review