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Potential and costs of carbon dioxide removal by enhanced weathering of rocks
Open accessAbstract
The chemical weathering of rocks currently absorbs about 1.1 Gt CO 2 a −1 being mainly stored as bicarbonate in the ocean. An enhancement of this slow natural process could remove substantial amounts of CO 2 from the atmosphere, aiming to offset some unavoidable anthropogenic emissions in order to comply with the Paris Agreement, while at the same time it may decrease ocean acidification. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of economic costs, energy requirements, technical parameterization, and global and regional carbon removal potential. The crucial parameters defining this potential are the grain size and weathering rates. The main uncertainties about the potential relate to weathering rates and rock mass that can be integrated into the soil. The discussed results do not specifically address the enhancement of weathering through microbial processes, feedback of geogenic nutrient release, and bioturbation. We do not only assess dunite rock, predominantly bearing olivine (in the form of forsterite) as the mineral that has been previously proposed to be best suited for carbon removal, but focus also on basaltic rock to minimize potential negative side effects. Our results show that enhanced weathering is an option for carbon dioxide removal that could be competitive already at 60 US $ t −1 CO 2 removed for dunite, but only at 200 US $ t −1 CO 2 removed for basalt. The potential carbon removal on cropland areas could be as large as 95 Gt CO 2 a −1 for dunite and 4.9 Gt CO 2 a −1 for basalt. The best suited locations are warm and humid areas, particularly in India, Brazil, South-East Asia and China, where almost 75% of the global potential can be realized. This work presents a techno-economic assessment framework, which also allows for the incorporation of further processes.
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“Furthermore, the investigation highlighted the dimensions that influence removal potential and cost, mainly being rock grain size and weathering rates.”
From Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review (2020) · cites this paper as Strefler et al. 2018
In the citing paper
“The results are inline and support the estimates presented by Fuss et al. in terms of removal potential as well as costs.”
From Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review (2020) · cites this paper as Strefler et al. 2018
In the citing paper
“Finally, the study indicated that climates that are warm and humid with lands that lack sufficient nutrients are the most appropriate areas for enhanced weathering activities (Strefler et al. 2018).”
From Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review (2020) · cites this paper as Strefler et al. 2018
In the citing paper
“Rock grinding to reduce particle size and maximise CDR is the primary energy consuming operation in ERW 22,23,73 .”
From Potential for large-scale CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“For the USA, mining cost is 6.99 $ t -1 as obtained from prior analysis 22 .”
From Potential for large-scale CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
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“For instance, some researchers have proposed using alkaline industrial waste (Renforth, 2019) or more reactive minerals, such as dunite or olivine (Strefler et al., 2018).”
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“In general, chemical and hybrid options are characterized by comparably higher marginal removal costs (Beerling et al., 2020; Heß et al., 2020; IEAGHG, 2013; Kearns et al., 2021; Strefler et al., 2018) as they rely on technological equipment and recurring costs for inputs (energy, feedstock etc.).”
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“naturally sequesters 1.1 Gt of CO 2 annually (Strefler et al., 2018)— by grinding silicate rocks to increase surface area and introducing them to moisture-retaining environments, such as agricultural soils (Hartmann et al., 2013; Schuiling & Krijgsman, 2006).”
InfluentialCox, E., Spence, E., & Pidgeon, N. (2022) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/09636625221112190 · Cited by 26
“For this, very large amounts of rock will be needed, with potentially high energy costs for mining, crushing, and transporting the rock (Strefler et al., 2018).”
BackgroundCipolla, G., Calabrese, S., Porporato, A. M., & Noto, L. (2022) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-19-3877-2022 · Cited by 26
“The technological readiness of EW is currently limited to pilotscale experiments (Asibor et al., 2021) and quotes the large uncertainties in scaling up laboratory results to field scale (Strefler et al., 2018).”
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Constraining the Capacity of Global Croplands to CO 2 Drawdown via Mineral Weathering
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“For example, Strefler et al. 20 estimated the CDR rates of forsterite and basalt rocks on the basis of a single-dose amendment amount of 150 tonne · ha − 1 and divided global cropland area into warm and temperature regions, where the temperature effect was accounted for as a fixed scaling factor of a standard weatheri…”
InfluentialMühlbauer, A., Keiner, D., & Breyer, C. (2024) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d4ee03166k · Cited by 26
On life-cycle sustainability optimization of enhanced weathering systems
Tan, R. R., & Aviso, K. B. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125836 · Cited by 26
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Assessment of optimal conditions for the performance of greenhouse gas removal methods
Asibor, J. O., Clough, P. T., Nabavi, S. A., & Manovic, V. M. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113039 · Cited by 25
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Challenges and opportunities in scaling enhanced weathering for carbon dioxide removal
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A linear program for optimizing enhanced weathering networks
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“, 2020), and enhanced rock weathering (Strefler et al., 2018; Beerling et al., 2020), alongside more widely recognised nature-based solutions including reforestation, afforestation, soil carbon sequestration, and peatland restoration (Seddon et al.”
BackgroundA generalizable framework for enhanced natural climate solutions
Silva, L. C. R., Wood, M. C., Johnson, B. R., Coughlan, M. R., Brinton, H., McGuire, K. L., & Bridgham, S. D. (2022) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-022-05472-8 · Cited by 20
Beyond Inorganic C: Soil Organic C as a Key Pathway for Carbon Sequestration in Enhanced Weathering
Steinwidder, L., Boito, L., Frings, P., Niron, H., Rijnders, J., de Schutter, A., Vienne, A., & Vicca, S. (2025) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.70340 · Cited by 22
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Pinch-based planning of terrestrial carbon management networks
Tan, R. R., Aviso, K. B., & Bandyopadhyay, S. K. (2021) · Cleaner Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.clet.2021.100141 · Cited by 21
Suhrhoff, T. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2021.820204 · Cited by 23
“It is also important from a global climate justice perspective, as TEW might be employed in countries of the Global South (Strefler et al., 2018; Beerling et al., 2020; Goll et al., 2021) that have not substantially contributed to the climate crisis.”
BackgroundInfluentialRestoring Pre-Industrial CO2 Levels While Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Capron, M. E., Stewart, J. R., N’Yeurt, A. D. R., Chambers, M. D., Kim, J. K., Yarish, C., Jones, A. T., Blaylock, R. B., James, S. C., Fuhrman, R., et al. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13184972 · Cited by 20
Adun, H. H., Ampah, J. D., Bamisile, O., Hu, Y., Staffell, I., & Gilani, H. R. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01916-4 · Cited by 21
“EW has the advantage of not competing for land used in food production or with other CDR methods, such as BECCS, for feedstock 42 .”
Migo-Sumagang, M. V., Tan, R. R., Tapia, J. F. D., & Aviso, K. B. (2022) · Cleaner Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.clet.2022.100507 · Cited by 19
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“We include the scenario ‘CEMICS SSP2 1.5C full CDR’ developed by REMIND-MAgPIE because it is one of the few scenarios in the C1 category that explicitly reports EW deployment rates (Strefler et al., 2018).”
Pratt, C., Kingston, K., Laycock, B. G., Levett, I., & Pratt, S. (2020) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy10070971 · Cited by 19
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“Artificially accelerated weathering has even been suggested as a way of mitigating presentday anthropogenic carbon emissions (Beerling et al., 2020; Strefler et al., 2018; Torres et al., 2016; Xu & Liu, 2010).”
BackgroundKhalidy, R., Haque, F., Chiang, Y. W., & Santos, R. M. (2021) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/61996 · Cited by 20
Kanzaki, Y., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2022) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-15-4959-2022 · Cited by 26
Coal transitions—part 2: phase-out dynamics in global long-term mitigation scenarios
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“Interestingly, Rinder and von Hagke (2021) show that their modified shrinking core model produces results similar to the steady state model of Strefler et al., 2018 for the first 10 – 20 years of comparable model runs.”
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Leveraging ecosystems responses to enhanced rock weathering in mitigation scenarios
Gaucher, Y., Tanaka, K., Johansson, D. J. A., Goll, D. S., & Ciais, P. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-58284-6 · Cited by 17
“It corresponds to $116 to $242 per ton of CO 2 removed, within the range of existing assessments 12,15 .”
InfluentialJanssens, I. A., Roobroeck, D., Sardans, J., Obersteiner, M. H., Peñuelas, J., Richter, A. A., Smith, P., Verbruggen, E., & Vicca, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.928403 · Cited by 17
“Assumingmafic basalt is applied, such a quantity could sequester a total of 15 ton CO2/ha based on theoretical potential (i.e., 0.3 ton CO2 per ton rock; Strefler et al., 2018), and the supply-side emission would be 4.”
BackgroundInfluentialFeasibility of increasing marine carbon storage through olivine addition
Wang, B., Gao, X., Song, J., Li, X., Yuan, H., Xie, L., Zhao, J., Xing, Q., & Qin, S. (2023) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.111221 · Cited by 18
Breunig, H. M., Fox, P. M., Domen, J. K., Kumar, R., Alves, R. E., Zhalnina, K. V., Voigtländer, A., Deng, H., Arora, B., & Nico, P. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143757 · Cited by 17
Xu, T., Li, H., Vicca, S., Goll, D. S., Beerling, D. J., Chen, Q., Bi, B., Yang, Z., Wang, X., & Yuan, Z. (2025) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.70483 · Cited by 16
“The outcomes of ERW are influenced by a range of factors, including climate conditions (Bufe et al. 2024; Strefler et al. 2018), rock and mineral type (Ramos et al. 2019), as well as application amounts and experimental duration (Swoboda et al. 2022).”
InfluentialEnhancing natural cycles in agro-ecosystems to boost plant carbon capture and soil storage
Buss, W., Yeates, K., Rohling, E. J., & Borevitz, J. (2021) · Oxford Open Climate Change · doi:10.1093/oxfclm/kgab006 · Cited by 16
Geochemical Negative Emissions Technologies: Part II. Roadmap
Maesano, C. N., Campbell, J. S., Foteinis, S., Furey, V., Hawrot, O., Pike, D., Aeschlimann, S., Reginato, P., Goodwin, D., Looger, L. L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.945332 · Cited by 16
“−1 scale, the availability of low-cost, lowcarbon electricity for grinding may be a major limitation for some approaches (Strefler et al., 2018; Eufrasio et al., 2022).”
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“The Brazilian territory is vast and is occupied by 63 M ha of cropland and 172 M ha of pastureland [10]; therefore, even the partial use of remineralizers as a soil amendment could have a substantial impact on saving natural resources and atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) [11].”
BackgroundIff, N., Renforth, P., & von Strandmann, P. A. E. P. (2024) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2024.1252210 · Cited by 19
“In comparison, the highest proposed rate in modelling studies is 5 kg/m 2 (Taylor et al., 2016) to 15 kg/m 2 (Strefler et al., 2018).”
Morris, J., Gurgel, A., Mignone, B. K., Kheshgi, H. S., & Paltsev, S. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49502-8 · Cited by 19
“Others have explored speci fi c CDR options such as BECCS 10 , A/R 11 , direct air capture (DAC) 12 , biochar 13 , enhanced weathering 14,15 andoceanironfertilization 16 .”
BackgroundEnhanced weathering to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide: Modeling of a trickle‐bed reactor
Xing, L., Darton, R. C., & Yang, A. (2021) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.17202 · Cited by 16
“However, although plenty of calcite is dissolved in reaction step (12), the generated OH must be consumed by reaction step (6), which requires CO2 to arrive by mass transfer from the gas phase.”
BackgroundInfluentialFuzzy optimization model for enhanced weathering networks using industrial waste
Aviso, K. B., Lee, J., Ubando, A. T., & Tan, R. R. (2021) · Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · doi:10.1007/s10098-021-02053-8 · Cited by 16
“1 3 the abundance of both natural and synthetic materials suitable for use in EW, the true potential may be limited by land and water footprints (Strefler et al. 2018).”
BackgroundMethodCarbon capture and storage: An evidence-based review of its limitations and missed promises
Rasool, M. H., & Hashmi, S. A. M. (2025) · Petroleum Research · doi:10.1016/j.ptlrs.2025.09.005 · Cited by 15
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“One is the economic cost of mining, crushing, grinding, and transportation, which has to be considered to evaluate the net CO 2 sequestration potential, all of which will cause extra carbon dioxide emission to offset this potential (Beerling et al. 2020; Strefler et al. 2018).”
Enhanced Rock Weathering Altered Soil Organic Carbon Fluxes in a Plant Trial
Boito, L., Steinwidder, L., Rijnders, J., Berwouts, J., Janse, S., Niron, H., Roussard, J., Vienne, A., & Vicca, S. (2025) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.70373 · Cited by 20
“Present estimates generally place the CDR potential of EW at 2–4 Gt CO 2 y − 1 (Beerling et al. 2020; Fuss et al. 2018; IPCC 2023), but experimental estimates can range between < 1 and 95 Gt CO 2 y − 1 (IPCC 2023; Strefler et al. 2018).”
InfluentialNair, P. N. S. B., Tan, R. R., Foo, D. C. Y., Gamaralalage, D., & Short, M. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16041708 · Cited by 16
Optimization and decision support models for deploying negative emissions technologies
Migo-Sumagang, M. V., Aviso, K. B., Foo, D. C. Y., Short, M., Nair, P. N. S. B., & Tan, R. R. (2023) · PLOS Sustainability and Transformation · doi:10.1371/journal.pstr.0000059 · Cited by 14
Experimentally-calibrated estimation of CO2 removal potentials of enhanced weathering
Chen, A., Chen, Z., Qiu, Z., & Lin, B. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165766 · Cited by 15
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Carbon removal efficiency and energy requirement of engineered carbon removal technologies
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Uncertainties of enhanced rock weathering for climate-change mitigation
Schiedung, M., Harrington, K., Dupla, X., Möller, B., Facq, E., Sweere, T., Don, A., Hilton, R. G., Döetterl, S., & Hemingway, J. (2026) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-026-00761-7 · Cited by 25
Regional potential of coastal ocean alkalinization with olivine within 100 years
Ramasamy, M., Amann, T., & Moosdorf, N. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad4664 · Cited by 17
“A smaller grain size increases the CO 2 sequestration rate of olivine weathering (figure 2) due to the exponential increase of mineral surface area with a decrease in grain size (Strefler et al 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationAdvancing Enhanced Weathering Modeling in Soils: Critical Comparison With Experimental Data
Bertagni, M. B., Calabrese, S., Cipolla, G., Noto, L., & Porporato, A. M. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2024ms004224 · Cited by 13
“Deployed over suitable lands at the global scale, it is estimated that EW potential may reach the order of gigatonnes of CO 2 removal per year (Baek et al., 2023; Beerling et al., 2020; Strefler et al., 2018; Taylor et al., 2016).”
Emmanuel, S. (2022) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120868 · Cited by 13
Shi, L., Zeng, S., Liu, Z., He, H., Shao, M., Zhao, M. J., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105149 · Cited by 12
Suhrhoff, T. J., Reershemius, T., Wang, J., Jordan, J. S., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2024.1346117 · Cited by 16
“EW has a scale potential approaching gigatons of CO 2 per year (10 9 tons of CO 2 , GtCO 2 ) (Köhler et al., 2010; Taylor et al., 2016; Strefler et al., 2018; Beerling et al., 2020; Goll et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2022; Baek et al., 2023), has lower cost and energy demands than most other forms of…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLi, Z., Planavsky, N. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2024) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2024.1380651 · Cited by 16
“…and environmental analyses of ERW now exist (Moosdorf et al., 2014; Montserrat et al., 2017; Beerling et al., 2018, 2020; Fuss et al., 2018; Strefler et al., 2018; Eufrasio et al., 2022), there is also strong impetus for more detailed analysis of tradeoffs on a regional scale (Beerling et…”
BackgroundInfluentialA framework for modeling carbon loss from rivers following terrestrial enhanced weathering
Zhang, S., Reinhard, C. T., Liu, S., Kanzaki, Y., & Planavsky, N. J. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ada398 · Cited by 18
A fuzzy optimization model for planning integrated terrestrial carbon management networks
Belmonte, B. A., Aviso, K. B., Benjamin, M. F. D., & Tan, R. R. (2021) · Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · doi:10.1007/s10098-021-02119-7 · Cited by 12
Optimization of enhanced weathering networks with alternative transportation modes
Tan, R. R., Belmonte, B. A., Benjamin, M. F. D., Andiappan, V., & Aviso, K. B. (2022) · Carbon Resources Conversion · doi:10.1016/j.crcon.2022.04.002 · Cited by 12
Carbon Storage through Rapid Conversion of Forsterite into Solid Oxalate Phases
Grayevsky, R., Reiss, A., & Emmanuel, S. (2022) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c03245 · Cited by 11
Tang, X., Liu, H., & Liao, L. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121492 · Cited by 12
Harnessing enhanced rock weathering for carbon neutrality: potential and challenges in China
Cong, L., Lu, S., Jiang, P., Zheng, T., Zhang, Y., Lü, X., Yu, Z., & Xu, T. (2025) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105309 · Cited by 13
Oppon, E., Richter, J. S., Koh, S. C. L., & Nabayiga, H. (2022) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107636 · Cited by 14
Direct evidence of CO2 drawdown through enhanced weathering in soils
Linke, T., Oelkers, É. H., Möckel, S. C., & Gislason, S. R. (2024) · Geochemical Perspectives Letters · doi:10.7185/geochemlet.2415 · Cited by 11
Fuhr, M., Dale, A. W., Wallmann, K., Bährle, R., Kalapurakkal, H. T., Sommer, S., Spiegel, T., Dobashi, R., Buchholz, B., Schmidt, M., et al. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02079-6 · Cited by 15
“Based on Stre fl er et al. 64 the production costs per tonne of dunite were calculated excluding grinding and transport.”
Abdalqadir, M. O., Gomari, S. R., Hughes, D. J., Sidiq, A., & Shifa, F. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138914 · Cited by 12
Marco, S. D., Caserini, S., Amann, T., & Grosso, M. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad4efb · Cited by 10
“The trend steeply increases with the decrease of the target grain size, P 80 (80% passing size of the product) (figure 2, Strefler et al 2018).”
Self-citationJavadi, P., O’Rourke, P., Fuhrman, J., McJeon, H. C., Doney, S. C., Shobe, W., & Clarens, A. F. (2024) · Environmental Research Energy · doi:10.1088/2753-3751/ad81fb · Cited by 11
Zhang, R., Zhao, H. F., Lv, G., Ma, X., & Jiang, X. (2025) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.115763 · Cited by 10
Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Aviso, K. B., Tan, R. R., Wang, F., & Jia, X. (2022) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106766 · Cited by 12
Frondini, F., Vaselli, O., & Zuccolini, M. V. (2019) · Geosciences · doi:10.3390/geosciences9060258 · Cited by 10
“Furthermore, the knowledge of the carbon dioxide consumption rates in natural settings could be useful for the study of the geological sequestration of CO2 through mineral carbonation reactions [35,36] and enhanced weathering [90].”
BackgroundOptimization of low-cost negative emissions strategies through multi-resource integration
Abraham, E. J., Linke, P., & Al‐Mohannadi, D. M. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133806 · Cited by 11
Calogiuri, T., Hagens, M., van Groenigen, J. W., Corbett, T. D. W., Hartmann, J., Hendriksen, R., Janssens, I., Janssens, I. A., Dominguez, G. L., Loescher, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/65563 · Cited by 9
Self-citationLin, W. T., Nayga, R. M., & Yang, W. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1002/jaa2.116 · Cited by 10
“Including the costs of mining, crushing, and grinding of rocks, and transport to and distribution on crop fi elds, the overall cost of basalt ‐ based ERW ranges from about $80 to $200/ton of carbon dioxide in the current carbon price range (Beerling et al., 2020; Stre fl er et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSustainability performance of enhanced weathering across countries: A triple bottom line approach
Oppon, E., Koh, S. C. L., & Eufrasio, R. M. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107722 · Cited by 16
Question-Led Innovation: Public priorities for enhanced weathering research in Malaysia
Cox, E., Lim, R., Spence, E., Payne, M., Beerling, D. J., & Pidgeon, N. (2024) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103977 · Cited by 9
“If a farm owner decided to implement ERW, its economic viability would need to be evaluated (Strefler et al., 2018) in terms of buying and transporting the basalt, packaging and application at the farm, as well as detailed information on soil health, yield, and quality of crops, as these are known…”
In-situ mineral carbonation of ultramafic tailings for carbon dioxide removal: A critical review
Lu, X., Xu, L., Li, X., Hou, Y., Chen, Q., & Li, Q. (2025) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2025.108046 · Cited by 11
Weathering without realizing inorganic CO 2 removal revealed through base cation monitoring
Vienne, A., Frings, P. J., Rijnders, J., Suhrhoff, T. J., Reershemius, T., Poetra, R. P., Hartmann, J., Niron, H., Estrada, M. P., Steinwidder, L., et al. (2026) · SOIL · doi:10.5194/soil-12-421-2026 · Cited by 20
Self-citationPotential CO2 capture via enhanced weathering by basaltic sand spreading on golf courses in the U.S.
Zhou, Q. (2023) · International journal of greenhouse gas control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2023.104032 · Cited by 9
Taqieddin, A., Sarrouf, S., Ehsan, M. F., Buesseler, K. O., & Alshawabkeh, A. N. (2024) · npj Ocean Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s44183-024-00064-8 · Cited by 10
How earthworms thrive and drive silicate rock weathering in an artificial organo-mineral system
Calogiuri, T., Janssens, I., Vidal, A., van Groenigen, J. W., Verdonck, T., Corbett, T. D. W., Hartmann, J., Neubeck, A., Niron, H., Poetra, R. P., et al. (2024) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2024.106271 · Cited by 8
Self-citationA Parameterized Lifecycle Assessment of Ex Situ CO 2 Mineralization, Using Olivine as a Case Study
Lunstrum, A. M., Wyckoff, A., Wallace, A., Pelton, R. E. O., & O’Rourke, A. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c02627 · Cited by 9
Assessing the impact of carbon dioxide removal on the power system
Prado, A., Chiquier, S., Fajardy, M., & Dowell, N. M. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106303 · Cited by 8
In silico calculation of soil pH by SCEPTER v1.0
Kanzaki, Y., Chiaravalloti, I., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2024) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-17-4515-2024 · Cited by 8
“The other is porewater pH – defined here as pH pw – which measures in situ concentrations in porewater flow-ing through or remaining in the soil/weathering profiles (e.g., Geibe et al., 2006; Steiner et al., 2018) In agricultural/agronomic situations, it is most common to measure pH s (e.g., Thomas, 1996), while models t…”
BackgroundGeochemical Drivers of Enhanced Rock Weathering in Soils
Dupla, X., Brantley, S. L., Paulo, C., Möller, B., Power, I., & Grand, S. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394204847.ch13 · Cited by 10
Bio-accelerated weathering of ultramafic minerals with Gluconobacter oxydans
Lee, J. J., Plante, L., Pian, B., Marecos, S., Medin, S. A., Klug, J. D., Reid, M. C., Gadikota, G., Gazel, E., & Barstow, B. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-99655-9 · Cited by 10
“In situ accelerated ultramafic weathering can result in environmental leaching and environmental drainage of harmful doses of nickel, chromium, and cobalt 59,83–85 .”
Hof, A. F., van der Wijst, K.-I., & van Vuuren, D. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2021.785577 · Cited by 11
“While there are several promising CDR technologies, such as enhanced weathering of rocks (Strefler et al., 2018) and Direct Air Capture (DAC), the most important ones currently included in long-term scenarios are bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and largescale reforestation (Clarke et al.”
BackgroundSaprolite: A bibliometric study from 1990 to 2020
da Silva, L. F. V., dos Santos, J. C. B., de Oliveira, C. S., et al. (2022) · Journal of South American Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103729 · Cited by 7
Editorial: Enhanced weathering and synergistic combinations with other CDR methods
Hagens, M., Hartmann, J., Vicca, S., & Beerling, D. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2023.1244396 · Cited by 7
“…mineral-bearing rocks is a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology (Hartmann et al., 2013) that exploits acceleration of these natural weathering reactions with potential to scale to gigatons of CDR annually when deployed on croplands (Strefler et al., 2018; Beerling et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Strefler, J., Amann, T., Bauer, N., Kriegler, E., & Hartmann, J.
- Affiliations
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (DE)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Strefler, Jessica
- Amann, Thorben
- Venue
- Environmental Research Letters
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2018-03-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 034010
- ISSN
- 1748-9326 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2786586833
- Semantic Scholar
- 8ec3fc510d4553891bf8b6995cb1a7fbf850862e
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 10.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Research Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RENATE (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RENATE (cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC177, SPP 1689 (CEMICS))
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Keywords
- enhanced weathering, carbon dioxide removal, chemical weathering, dunite, basalt, olivine, forsterite, weathering rates, grain size, techno-economic analysis, energy requirements, cropland, ocean acidification, Paris Agreement
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