The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pediatric Psychotropic Medication Compliance: A Literature Review and Research-Based Suggestions for Improving Treatment Compliance
Abstract
Without good compliance the best psychiatric treatment is ineffective. This article reviews what is known or can be inferred about compliance with psychiatric medications in the pediatric population. The review includes discussions of assessment techniques, risk and protective factors, the relevant research literature, and research-based practical techniques to improve compliance. A Medline search surveying the years from 1966 to August 2000 yielded only seven peer-reviewed papers reporting on compliance with pediatric psychopharmacology. All seven studies looked at stimulant compliance among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Reported levels of compliance range from 56% to 75%. These rates, although low, are likely to be overestimates of actual compliance. We review two related areas of research for which there are small but significant bodies of knowledge: pharmacological compliance studies among adult psychiatric populations and pediatric medical populations. This literature supports the idea that medication compliance is a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of patients. Because compliance rates are lower for children as compared to adults and psychiatric patients as compared to medical patients, we suspect that children with psychiatric illness may be at great risk for poor medication compliance. Fortunately, the research literature demonstrates several simple techniques that clinicians can use to improve medication compliance among their patients. The treatment alliance; education; and medication duration, dosing, palatability, and cost can all be tailored to improve medication compliance.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“estimated adherence rates in children with ADHD only range from 56% to 75%, 16 and more than 50% of patients with ADHD discontinue treatment regardless of its efficacy or symptom severity.17,18”
From Medication Adherence in the MTA: Saliva Methylphenidate Samples Versus Parent Report and Mediating Effect of Concomitant Behavioral Treatment (2009) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Despite our high reported adherence rates, our physiological adherence findings are consistent with studies 1, 16,18,29 that have linked poor adherence to adverse outcomes.”
From Medication Adherence in the MTA: Saliva Methylphenidate Samples Versus Parent Report and Mediating Effect of Concomitant Behavioral Treatment (2009) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“However, unlike some previous studies, we found no associations between adherence and demographic factors such as age, sex, 17,22 family income, and single-parent status 1, 16,18,29,30”
From Medication Adherence in the MTA: Saliva Methylphenidate Samples Versus Parent Report and Mediating Effect of Concomitant Behavioral Treatment (2009) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Compliance With Medication Regimens for Mental and Physical Disorders
Cramer, J. A., & Rosenheck, R. (1998) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.49.2.196 · Cited by 725
Blackwell, B. (1973) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197308022890506 · Cited by 510
HOW WELL DO PATIENTS TAKE ORAL PENICILLIN? A COLLABORATIVE STUDY IN PRIVATE PRACTICE
Charney, E., BYNUM, R. S., Eldredge, D., Frank, D., MacWhinney, J. B., McNabb, N., Scheiner, A. P., Sumpter, E. A., & Iker, H. P. (1967) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.40.2.188 · Cited by 343
Psychological Factors Associated with Medication Nonadherence in Asthmatic Children
Bender, B., Milgrom, H., Rand, C. S., & Ackerson, L. (1998) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.3109/02770909809075667 · Cited by 209
Factors associated with children's adherence to stimulant medication
Firestone, P. (1982) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01431.x · Cited by 143
Locus of Control, Social Support, and Adherence to the Diabetes Regimen
Tillotson, L. M., & Smith, M. S. (1996) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572179602200206 · Cited by 142
Matsui, D. M. (1997) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70459-4 · Cited by 129
Compliance with Medical Regimens During Adolescence
Litt, I. F., & Cuskey, W. R. (1980) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33815-9 · Cited by 128
Beck, D. E., Fennell, R. S., Yost, R. L., Robinson, J. D., Geary, D., & Richards, G. A. (1980) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80653-6 · Cited by 128
(1981) · Patient Counselling and Health Education · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(81)80067-5 · Cited by 108
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Brown RT, 1985, Psychopharmacol Bull, 21, 28
- Lansky S, 1983, Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 5, 87
Cited by
Sorted by citations
3-year follow-up of the NIMH MTA study
JENSEN, P. S., ARNOLD, L. E., SWANSON, J. M., VITIELLO, B., ABIKOFF, H. B., GREENHILL, L. L., HECHTMAN, L., HINSHAW, S. P., PELHAM, W. E., WELLS, K. C., et al. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3180686d48 · Cited by 643
“For example, one literature review from 1966 to 2000 found widely varying rates of adherence (35%Y100%), with adherence rates decreasing over time (Hack and Chow, 2001).”
BackgroundEvidence-based pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents
Mechler, K., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Häge, A. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107940 · Cited by 293
Satisfaction with Medication: An Overview of Conceptual, Methodologic, and Regulatory Issues
Shikiar, R., & Rentz, A. M. (2004) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2004.72252.x · Cited by 245
Literature Review: ADHD in Adults
Davidson, M. A. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707310878 · Cited by 206
“In children, varied medication adherence rates have been noted, with rates ranging from 35% to 100% (Hack & Chow, 2001).”
Swanson, J. (2003) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200317020-00004 · Cited by 162
Concomitant Psychotropic Medication for Youths
Safer, D. J., ZITO, J. M., & dosReis, S. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.438 · Cited by 162
Videogames and Young People with Developmental Disorders
Durkin, K. (2010) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019438 · Cited by 161
Gau, S. S. F., Shen, H.-Y., Chou, M.-C., Tang, C.-S., Chiu, Y.-N., & Gau, C.-S. (2006) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2006.16.286 · Cited by 148
Stigma and self-concept among adolescents receiving mental health treatment.
Moses, T. (2009) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/a0015696 · Cited by 146
The NICE ADHD health technology assessment: A review and critique
Schlander, M. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-1 · Cited by 138
Perwien, A. R., Hall, J., Swensen, A., & Swindle, R. (2004) · Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2004.10.2.122 · Cited by 136
Langberg, J. M., & Becker, S. P. (2012) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-012-0117-8 · Cited by 129
“In terms of ADHD medication use, adherence estimates range from 50 to 75 % depending upon how adherence is defined (Hack and Chow 2001).”
BackgroundMontoya, A. G., Colom, F., & Ferrín, M. (2011) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.10.005 · Cited by 130
“Following previous guidelines and recommendations on the topic, psychoeducational interventions must be considered as part of a multidimensional approach for ADHD young people and its environment once the diagnosis is established and also throughout the course of its treatment [10].”
MethodWigal, S. B., McGough, J. J., McCracken, J. T., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., Posner, K., Wigal, T. L., Kollins, S. H., Clark, T. M., Mays, D. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054705281121 · Cited by 123
“Medication satisfaction is an important aspect of care because it may affect long-term compliance with a chronic medication regimen (Hack & Chow, 2001; Swanson, 2003).”
BackgroundPappadopulos, E., Jensen, P. S., Chait, A. R., Arnold, L. E., Swanson, J. M., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L., Chuang, S., Wells, K. C., Pelham, W., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31819c23ed · Cited by 112
Predictors of Service Disengagement in First-Admitted Adolescents With Psychosis
SCHIMMELMANN, B. G., Conus, P., Schacht, M., McGorry, P. D., & Lambert, M. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000223015.29530.65 · Cited by 92
McGough, J. J., Biederman, J., Wigal, S. B., López, F. A., McCracken, J. T., Spencer, T. J., Zhang, Y., & Tulloch, S. J. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000157550.94702.a2 · Cited by 89
A literature review to identify interventions to improve the use of medicines in children
Costello, I., Wong, I. C. K., & Nunn, A. J. (2004) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00478.x · Cited by 85
Yang, L., Bai, G., Wang, Y., & Niu, W. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s88625 · Cited by 84
“Hack and Chow 33 mentioned in their review that providing written instruction also helps with adherence, because written material allows patients to review information and decreases miscommunication.”
ADHD medication use, adherence, persistence and cost among Texas Medicaid children
Barner, J. C., Khoza, S., & Oladapo, A. O. (2011) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2011.603303 · Cited by 85
Edgcomb, J. B., & Zima, B. T. (2018) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0040 · Cited by 78
“Multiple recent narrative and systematic reviews have attempted to synthesize this literature (Hack and Chow 2001; Hamrin et al. 2010; Staton 2010; Iizuka and Hodes 2015; Leclerc et al. 2015; Ha¨ge et al. 2016).”
McConville, B. J., & Sorter, M. T. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 74
Hamrin, V., McCarthy, E. M., & Tyson, V. (2010) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00237.x · Cited by 77
“Hack and Chow (2001) reviewed compliance to pediatric psychotropic medications and found that family problems and parent–child communication difficulties were both factors that decreased pediatric compliance.”
BackgroundMetabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics in children: a literature review
Fedorowicz, V. J., & Fombonne, E. J. (2005) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881105056543 · Cited by 70
“It can have a negative impact on self-esteem and it can lead to non-compliance, which is already a problem in the adolescent population (Hack and Chow, 2001).”
BackgroundEmilsson, M., Gustafsson, P. A., Öhnström, G., & Marteinsdóttir, Í. (2016) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0919-1 · Cited by 79
“Finally, different assessment tools may lead to different adherence prevalence, although no method is recognized as optimal [12, 44] and most of the methods may overestimate compliance [58].”
BackgroundCohen, D., Deniau, E., Maturana, A., Tanguy, M., Bodeau, N., Labelle, R. J., Breton, J., & Guilé, J.-M. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002632 · Cited by 69
“Notably, the risk factors associated with treatment resistance in child and adolescent depression (for a review, see Emslie et al, 2000 [11]) are very similar to the risk factors associated with poor compliance in the field of pediatric pharmacology in general (for a review, see Hack et al, 2001 [12]).”
BackgroundMedication Adherence Among Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder
Goldstein, T. R., Krantz, M. L., Merranko, J. A., Garcia, M., Sobel, L. J., Rodríguez, C. J., Douaihy, A. B., Axelson, D., & Birmaher, B. B. (2016) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0030 · Cited by 66
“Few studies have examined rates of medication adherence among youth with BP. Generally, research indicates that adolescents are especially vulnerable to poor adherence with psychotropic medications—even more so than younger children and adults (Hack and Chow 2001).”
BackgroundLong-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents
Lytle, S., McVoy, M. K., & Sajatovic, M. (2017) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2016.0055 · Cited by 59
“Hack and Chow (2001) found that children are at an even higher risk for nonadherence than adults, with adolescents being a particularly vulnerable group.”
Cohen, D. (2006) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000096360 · Cited by 59
“] are very close to the risk factors associated with poor compliance in the field of pediatric pharmacology in general [for review, see [”
BackgroundMoore, T. R., & Symons, F. J. (2011) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445511418103 · Cited by 55
“…(Meichenbaum & Turk, 1987); 30% to 50% of psychiatric regimens (Osterberg & Blaschke, 2005); 25% to 44% of pediatric psychopharmacology regimens (Hack & Chow, 2001); 37% to behavior change recommendations following outpatient therapy for child defiance and disruption (MacNaughton & Rodrigue,…”
BackgroundNon-adherence to Psychotropic Medication Among Adolescents – A Systematic Review of the Literature
Häge, A., Weymann, L., Bliznak, L., Märker, V., Mechler, K., & Dittmann, R. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000505 · Cited by 56
Lage, M. J., & Hwang, P. (2004) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2004.14.575 · Cited by 53
Middle School–based and High School–based Interventions for Adolescents with ADHD
Evans, S. W., Langberg, J. M., Egan, T., & Molitor, S. J. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.004 · Cited by 48
Lazaratou, H., Anagnostopoulos, D., Alevizos, E. V., Haviara, F., & Ploumpidis, D. N. (2007) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-6-32 · Cited by 48
“The high percentage of children that discontinue pharmacotherapy confirms that assertion [20]”
BackgroundParental Opinions Regarding Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder in Youth
CHAVIRA, D. A., STEIN, M. B., BAILEY, K., & STEIN, M. T. (2003) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200310000-00002 · Cited by 45
“Treatment outcome data suggest that compliance is a concern for both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions.(32,33) Predictors of poor medication compliance include adolescent age, poor past compliance, parental dissatisfaction with child’s physician, unfavorable beliefs about medication (e.”
BackgroundTeamwork: The Therapeutic Alliance in Pediatric Pharmacotherapy
Joshi, S. V. (2006) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2005.08.004 · Cited by 40
Kölch, M. G., Prestel, A., Singer, H., Keller, F., Fegert, J. M., Schlack, R., Hoelling, H., & Knopf, H. C. (2009) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2009.0018 · Cited by 40
“Medication that is prescribed but never used or used irregularly because of poor compliance or adherence is not detectable in these samples (Hack and Chow 2001; Hwang et al. 2003).”
BackgroundFerrín, M., Ruíz-Veguilla, M., Blanc-Betes, M., El, S., Lax-Pericall, T., Sinclair, M., & Taylor, E. A. (2012) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0277-6 · Cited by 42
“However, it has been shown that all methods to measure treatment adherence tend to overestimate rates of adherence [28], and thus indirect methods have been most commonly used in psychiatric studies when measuring adherence [10].”
BackgroundMethodMoses, T. (2010) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-010-0209-y · Cited by 38
“Failure to take medication as prescribed, the ultimate expression of poor treatment ‘commitment’, is not unique to psychiatric medication or to adolescents, but it is regarded as particularly common among adolescents taking psychotropic medication [ 40 ].”
BackgroundPharmacological Treatment of Adolescent Major Depression
Cohen, D., Gérardin, P., Mazet, P., Purper‐Ouakil, D., & Flament, M. F. (2004) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454604773840454 · Cited by 37
“One should notice that the risk factors associated with treatment resistance in adolescent depression (for a review, see Emslie et al. 2000) are very close to the risk factors associated with poor compliance in the field of pediatric pharmacology in general (for a review, see Hack and Chow 2001).”
Predictors of medication adherence in children receiving psychotropic medication
Dean, A. J., Wragg, J. A., Draper, J., & McDERMOTT, B. M. (2011) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01985.x · Cited by 37
Ferrín, M., Häge, A., Swanson, J. M., Wong, K. H. T. W., Dittmann, R., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Santosh, P., Romanos, M., Simonoff, E. A., et al. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02538-z · Cited by 35
“Most extensively this issue has been studied in patients suffering from asthma, with studies suggesting that only about 50% of patients with asthma properly adhere to treatment [101].”
Multimodal Treatments versus Pharmacotherapy Alone in Children with Psychiatric Disorders
Reeves, G. M., & Anthony, B. J. (2009) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.2165/00148581-200911030-00002 · Cited by 35
“Thirdly, the additional time required for psychosocial interventions can allow more support and greater time to monitor for safety issues, such as suicidality or child-abuse concerns.[29] Multimodal treatment also allows for more time to address parental concerns about the treatment of their child/adolescent, track ad…”
BackgroundWaxmonsky, J. G., Pelham, W. E., Campa, A. L., Waschbusch, D. A., Li, T., Marshall, R., Babocsai, L., Humphery, H., Gnagy, E. M., Swanson, J. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.472 · Cited by 35
Are Health Beliefs Related to Adherence Among Adolescents with Mood Disorders?
Munson, M. R., Floersch, J. E., & Townsend, L. D. (2009) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-009-0255-6 · Cited by 33
“M. R. Munson (&) Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA e-mail: michelle.munson@case.edu J. E. Floersch Rutgers University School of Social Work, New Brunswick, NJ, USA L. Townsend Rutgers University School of Social Work/Center for Educatio…”
BackgroundScherphof, C. S., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Vollebergh, W. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.04.007 · Cited by 33
Faraone, S. V., Wigal, S. B., & Hodgkins, P. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054706292196 · Cited by 32
“However, the traditional formulations of these medications, although effective, require multiple daily dosing, which may contribute to suboptimal compliance and less satisfaction with treatment (Claxton, Cramer, & Pierce, 2001; Hack & Chow, 2001; Swanson, 2003).”
BackgroundLong-Acting Injectable Atypical Antipsychotic Use in Adolescents: An Observational Study
Fortea, A., Ilzarbe, D., Espinosa, L., Solerdelcoll, M., de Castro, C., Oriolo, G., Sugranyes, G., & Baeza, I. (2018) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2017.0096 · Cited by 31
“Children, and particularly adolescents, have been reported to have higher risk for nonadherence (Hack and Chow 2001).”
Kemner, J. E., & Lage, M. J. (2006) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-5-5 · Cited by 30
Scherphof, C. S., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Vollebergh, W. (2013) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.08.008 · Cited by 30
Clausen, S., Read, S. C., & Tulloch, S. (2005) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s109285290000239x · Cited by 26
Youth Views on Communication About ADHD and Medication Adherence
Sleath, B. L., Carpenter, D. M., Sayner, R., Thomas, K. C., Mann, L., Sage, A., Sulzer, S. H., & SANDLER, A. D. (2017) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-016-0078-3 · Cited by 27
Stewart, S. L., & Baiden, P. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.01.017 · Cited by 26
“Other reviews have also found medication side effects negatively impacts patient adherence (Hack and Chow, 2001; WHO, 2003; Mahtani et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffect of methylphenidate formulation on treatment patterns and use of emergency room services
Kemner, J. E., & Lage, M. J. (2006) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp050129 · Cited by 26
Feldman, M., Bélanger, S. A., & Canadian Paediatric Society (2009) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/14.9.593 · Cited by 25
“Surveys [25][26][27] report that nearly one-half of the patients prescribed IR stimulant medication admit they are not taking the medication.”
BackgroundBailey, S., Gerada, C., Lester, H. E., & Shiers, D. (2012) · The Psychiatrist · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.112.039727 · Cited by 24
Logan, S. L., Carpenter, L. A., Leslie, R. S., Hunt, K. S., Garrett-Mayer, E. S., Charles, J. M., & Nicholas, J. S. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2156-0 · Cited by 24
“2010), and the parent reported adherence which may overestimate true adherence (Hack and Chow 2001).”
BackgroundTreatment Compliance and Early Termination of Therapy: A Comparative Study
Lazaratou, H., Anagnostopoulos, D. C., Vlassopoulos, M., Tzavara, C., & Zelios, G. (2006) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000090896 · Cited by 21
Harpin, V. (2008) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice · doi:10.1136/adc.2006.106864 · Cited by 21
“Once daily dosing and the absence of side effects may increase compliance.(66) It is often advocated that children should be commenced on treatment with immediate release”
BackgroundTreatment refusal in adolescents with severe chronic illness and borderline personality disorder.
Jaunay, E., Consoli, A., Greenfield, B. J., Guilé, J.-M., Mazet, P., & Cohen, D. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 21
Schlander, M. (2007) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-1-13 · Cited by 21
Townsend, L. D., Floersch, J. E., & Findling, R. L. (2009) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689809352469 · Cited by 18
“Adolescents are among the least adherent subgroup of all other pediatric and adult populations (Hack & Chow, 2001).”
BackgroundNiemeyer, L., Schumm, L., Mechler, K., Jennen-Steinmetz, C., Dittmann, R., & Häge, A. (2018) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0072 · Cited by 18
“In child and adolescent psychiatry, few studies have been conducted regarding predictors for nonadherence, particularly with respect to the subgroup of adolescents (Hack and Chow 2001; Ha¨ge et al. 2018).”
Pahlavanzadeh, S., Mousavi, S., & Maghsoudi, J. (2018) · Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research · doi:10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_16_17 · Cited by 16
“Results of this study also showed fear of taking drugs and consequently delayed treatment and its adverse effects on cutting the child’s treatment.[10] Therefore, it is essential for parents to have the necessary information.”
BackgroundRisk factors for discontinuing drug therapy among children with ADHD
Bokhari, F. A. S., Heiland, F. W., Levine, P., & Ray, G. (2008) · Health Services & Outcomes Research Methodology · doi:10.1007/s10742-008-0035-x · Cited by 18
“Adherence to prescribed stimulant medication regimens for ADHD has been poor, with estimates ranging from 44% to 87% (Firestone, 1982, Sleator et al., 1982, Corkum et al., 1999, Hack and Chow, 2001, Thiruchelvam et al., 2001).”
BackgroundSchlander, M. (2008) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079908x260808 · Cited by 16
“These data have been reviewed by Hack and Chow (2001)105, and their key findings are summarized in Table 3.”
MethodWarrer, P., Thomsen, P. H., Dalsgaard, S., Hansen, E. H., Aagaard, L., Wallach‐Kildemoes, H., & Rasmussen, H. B. (2016) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0060 · Cited by 15
“Although there are no obvious explanations for this, we acknowledge that noncompliance should be considered an important factor for switching patients from MPH to ATX, as noncompliance leads to reduction in the overall effectiveness of the treatment (Hack and Chow 2001).”
Background“Drugs Don’t Work in Patients Who Don’t Take Them”
Mechler, K., & Häge, A. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000645 · Cited by 14
Poor response to treatment: beyond medication
César Carvajal, A. (2004) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2004.6.1/ccarvajal · Cited by 15
“Hack and Chow found that compliance with treatment was lower among children than adults, and was lower among psychiatric patients than those with other medical pathologies, leading to the inference that children with psychiatric disorders are at the highest risk for noncompliance.(5) Financial factors can also restric…”
BackgroundNanomedicine Therapies for Pediatric Diseases
Yang, S., Aggarwal, K., Jurczyszak, J., Brown, N., & Sridhar, S. (2024) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1996 · Cited by 15
Initiation and Change of Psychotropic Medication Regimens among Adolescents in Inpatient Care
Warner, L. A., Fontanella, C. A., & Pottick, K. J. (2007) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2007.0120 · Cited by 13
“Poor adherence, which is prevalent among adolescents (Hack and Chow 2001; Wol-raich et al. 2005) and often contributes to medication ineffectiveness (Bobier and Warwick 2005), may also factor into the decision to add a medication.”
Promoting Adherence to Psychotropic Medication for Youth—Part 1
McGuinness, T. M., & Worley, J. (2010) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20100831-03 · Cited by 13
Examining Factors Associated With Medication Adherence in Youth With Bipolar Disorder
Elhosary, M. Y., Merranko, J. A., Goldstein, T. R., Hafeman, D., Goldstein, B. I., Gill, M. K., Hower, H. M., Axelson, D., Hunt, J., Yen, S., et al. (2023) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.06.001 · Cited by 12
“9,19 To our knowledge, this is the fi rst study to assess medication adherence prospectively, over a median of 8 years, in a large sample of youth with BD through the transition to adulthood and examine the concurrent and future predictors of poor adherence, using both univariate and multivariate…”
Gesundheitsökonomie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung in Deutschland
Schlander, M., Trott, G.-E., & Schwarz, O. (2009) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2889-8 · Cited by 12
Documenting adherence to psychostimulants in children with ADHD.
Charach, A., Gajaria, A., Skyba, A., & Chen, S. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 12
Long-acting medications for the hyperkinetic disorders
Schlander, M. (2007) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0615-2 · Cited by 12
“Five independent analyses of administrative data extend our understanding of non-persistence with treatment in ADHD beyond those earlier studies on compliance reviewed by Hack and Chow 2001 [30].”
MethodInfluentialAmbrosini, P. J., Sallee, F. R., López, F. A., Shi, L., Michaels, M. A., & on Behalf of the LADD.CAT Study Group (2006) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079906x80639 · Cited by 12
Health Information on the Internet—A Double-Edged Sword?
Gray, N. J. (2008) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.02.005 · Cited by 12
Bridging the Gap in Psychiatric Care for Children with a School-Based Psychiatry Program
Herman, K. C., Cho, E., Marriott, B. R., & Walker, L. Y. (2017) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-017-9222-7 · Cited by 11
Mundal, I. P., Gråwe, R. W., Hafstad, H., Cuevas, C. D. L., & Lara‐Cabrera, M. L. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039852 · Cited by 11
The Pharmaceutical Economics of Child Psychiatric Drug Treatment
Schlander, M. (2010) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161210791959917 · Cited by 9
Desrosiers, L., Saint-Jean, M., & Breton, J. (2014) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12033 · Cited by 12
Adherence to medication for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: does time frame matter?
Khoza, S., Oladapo, A. O., & Barner, J. C. (2011) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1759-8893.2011.00054.x · Cited by 8
Facilitating Homework and Generalization of Skills to the Real World
Cummings, C. M., Kazantzis, N., & Kendall, P. C. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118500576.ch11 · Cited by 8
ADHD Medication Vacations and Parent–Child Interactions by Gender
Barnard-Brak, L., Schmidt, M., & Sulak, T. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711435412 · Cited by 6
“As a result, an adherence rate of approximately 50% for children with ADHD receiving medication has been noted in the literature for the past 30 years (Firestone, 1982; Hack & Chow, 2001; Pappadopulos et al., 2009; Thiruchelvam, Charach, & Schachar, 2001).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe lived experience of Omani adolescents and young adults with mental illness: A qualitative study
Omari, O. A., Matua, G. A., Al‐Adawi, S., Shebani, Z., Harthy, I. A., Obeidat, A. A., Dameery, K. A., Qadire, M. I. A., Hashmi, I. A., Khawldeh, A. A., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294856 · Cited by 6
Compliance with psychotropic medication treatment among adolescents living in youth care centres
Laurier, C., Lafortune, D., & Collin, J. (2009) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.07.007 · Cited by 6
Kılıç, B. G., Bi̇lgi̇ç, A., Gürkan, K., & Aysev, A. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 6
Parents' Experience Raising a Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Strahm, C. D. (2011) · Cited by 6
Froehlich, T. E. (2017) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000513 · Cited by 5
Medication for Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Jensen, C. E. (2004) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1023/b:csow.0000024328.71427.d1 · Cited by 5
“For example, ( Hack & Chow, 2001 ) found that rates of non-adherence among adolescents taking MPH for ADHD often exceed 50%.”
BackgroundDesrosiers, L., Saint-Jean, M., & Laporte, L. (2016) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/1036975ar · Cited by 4
Evaluating mental health services in a Greek community
Anagnostopoulos, D., Vlassopoulos, M., Lazaratou, H., Tzavara, C. K., Zelios, G., & Ploumpidis, D. N. (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0554-3 · Cited by 4
“In child psychiatry, most of the studies on treatment outcome concern hospitalization and medication [5, 20].”
BackgroundAntipsychotics for aggressive adolescents: barriers tobest practice
Pappadopulos, E. A., Siennick, S. E., & Jensen, P. S. (2003) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.3.1.85 · Cited by 3
Promoting Adherence with Children and Adolescents with Psychosis
Gearing, R. E., Mian, I. A., & Charach, A. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology News · doi:10.1521/capn.2008.13.1.5 · Cited by 3
Dawood, E., Mitsu, R., Fozan, H. A., & Alharbi, B. (2020) · Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care · doi:10.36348/sjnhc.2020.v03i12.003 · Cited by 2
“Parental reluctance to adhere to the prescribed psychotropic medication may intervene with the treatment [22].”
Backgroundvan Leeuwen, E., & ter Mors, E. (2023) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2023.2254553 · Cited by 2
“Indeed, research in the human clinical domain shows that a good alliance is the single most important factor for general patient compliance (Hack & Chow, 2001).”
BackgroundSood, K., Buddhavarapu, M., Bansal, L. R., Schaefer, D., & Parikh, P. (2024) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.13493 · Cited by 2
Assessing mental health transition readiness in youth with medical conditions
Gray, W. N., Partain, L., Benekos, E., Konishi, C. Y., Alpern, A. N., & Weiss, M. (2024) · Health Care Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.hctj.2024.100077 · Cited by 2
Sinclair, T., Beckman, D., Cobb, M., Young, S., Baichoo, S., & Keough, L. (2014) · Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice · doi:10.1080/15228932.2014.918477 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Hack, S., & Chow, B.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-67
- ISSN
- 1044-5463 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8992
- OpenAlex
- W1967979227
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Keywords
- medication adherence, pediatric psychopharmacology, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stimulant medication, treatment alliance, patient education, drug costs, risk and protective factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Humans, Patient Compliance, Patient Education as Topic, Psychotropic Drugs
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
