Cited by 71Redox biology and oxidative stressAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressGenomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress

CNS Peroxiredoxins and Their Regulation in Health and Disease

Bell, Karen F.S., Hardingham, Giles E.·2011·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

Abstract

Oxidative stress is thought to be a contributing factor in many chronic neurodegenerative pathologies, as well as acute cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke. Peroxiredoxins are a family of antioxidant enzymes that reduce peroxides directly through the use of a redox active cysteine within their active site, which in the process becomes oxidized. In order to cycle back to the reduced state, many peroxiredoxins rely on thiol-dependent reduction by the ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin. Peroxiredoxins, together with thioredoxin and thioredoxin's own ‘recycling enzyme’, thioredoxin reductase, represent an antioxidant enzymic system of growing significance in the context of neuronal physiology and pathology. Overexpression, knockdown, and knockout approaches have demonstrated an important role for peroxiredoxins in protecting neurons from oxidative insults. It is also becoming clear that neuronal peroxiredoxins are subjected to post-translational modifications that impair function as part of disease pathology. Conversely, components of this pathway are also subject to dynamic upregulation such as via endogenous synaptic activity-dependent signaling and induction of the Nrf2-dependent Phase II response. As such, the thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin system represents a potential therapeutic target for central nervous system disorders associated with oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 14, 1467–1477.

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Crossref · 10.1089/ars.2010.3567

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  • The GSH deficit induced by NMDAR blockade in the developing mouse is associated with transcriptional downregulation of Gclc and reduced GCL activity, which contributes to the deleterious effects observed in vivo.

    “Of note, the GSH deficit induced by NMDAR blockade in the developing mouse is associated with transcriptional downregulation of Gclc and reduced GCL activity, which contributes to the deleterious effects observed in vivo 77 .”
  • Synaptic NMDAR activity enhances the capacity of both the glutathione system and the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system through the transcriptional control of several key antioxidant genes.

    “At the cellular level, synaptic NMDAR activity enhances the capacity of both the glutathione system and thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system (another important antioxidant pathway in the brain 75 ) through the transcriptional control of several key antioxidant genes 73,76,77 (Figure.4).”
  • By increasing the supply of GSH precursors to neurons, the action of astrocytic NFE2L2 is additive and complementary to the effects of synaptic NMDA receptor activity in boosting GSH biosynthetic capacity.

    “By increasing the supply of GSH precursors to neurons, the action of astrocytic NFE2L2 is additive and complementary to the effects of synaptic NMDA receptor activity in boosting GSH biosynthetic capacity 77 (see Figure.3).”

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Authors
Bell, K. F. S., & Hardingham, G. E.
Affiliations
University of Edinburgh (GB)
Venue
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Published
2011-04
Volume
14
Issue
8
Pages
1467-1477
ISSN
  • 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7716
OpenAlex
W2020509501
Cited by
71
References
103
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Antioxidants and Redox Signaling (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Keywords
peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, post-translational modification, Nrf2, synaptic activity, neuroprotection, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Animals, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases, Health, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress, Peroxiredoxins

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