Cited by 135Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchRedox biology and oxidative stress

Proteomic identification of nitrated brain proteins in early Alzheimer’s disease inferior parietal lobule

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Reed, Tanea T., Pierce Jr., William M., Turner, Delano M., Markesbery, William R., Allan Butterfield, D.·2009·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive decline in multiple cognitive domains. Its pathological hallmarks include senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the earliest detectable stage of AD with limited symptomology and no dementia. The yearly conversion rate of patients from MCI to AD is 10–15%, although conversion back to normal is possible in a small percentage. Early diagnosis of AD is important in an attempt to intervene or slow the advancement of the disease. Early AD (EAD) is a stage following MCI and characterized by full‐blown dementia; however, information involving EAD is limited. Oxidative stress is well‐established in MCI and AD, including protein oxidation. Protein nitration also is an important oxidative modification observed in MCI and AD, and proteomic analysis from our laboratory identified nitrated proteins in both MCI and AD. Therefore, in the current study, a proteomics approach was used to identify nitrated brain proteins in the inferior parietal lobule from four subjects with EAD. Eight proteins were found to be significantly nitrated in EAD: peroxiredoxin 2, triose phosphate isomerase, glutamate dehydrogenase, neuropolypeptide h3, phosphoglycerate mutase1, H+– transporting ATPase, α‐enolase and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase. Many of these proteins are also nitrated in MCI and late‐stage AD, making this study the first to our knowledge to link nitrated proteins in all stages of AD. These results are discussed in terms of potential involvement in the progression of this dementing disorder.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00478.x

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  • Redox proteomics has identified specifically oxidized or nitrosated proteins in brain from late-stage Alzheimer disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and preclinical Alzheimer disease.

    “The techniques of redox proteomics34 allowed specific oxidatively or nitrosatively modified proteins (that is, PC-, protein bound HNE-, and/or 3-NT-modified proteins) to be identified in brain from subjects with late-stage AD, aMCI and PCAD20,24,34,35.”

    From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [24]

    The Introduction reports protein nitration in MCI and late-stage AD, and the Discussion compares identified nitrated proteins across MCI, early AD, and late AD. This paper does not report identifications in preclinical AD (PCAD); its own proteomic study examined early AD. The cited passages also do not establish the claimed range of protein-carbonyl and HNE modifications. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In Down syndrome, loss of mitochondrial anterograde transport down axons leads to loss of ion gradients in presynaptic membranes and damaging calcium-related changes.

    “Consequent loss of ion gradients in presynaptic membranes that is secondary to loss of mitochondrial anterograde transport down axons, with consequent damaging Ca2+-related changes (discussed earlier), occurs12,24,34,42.”

    From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [24]

    The Discussion’s “Metabolic enzymes” section says impaired glycolysis in Alzheimer’s disease can affect ion pumps and potential gradients; “ATP production” describes damaging effects of disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis. Neither passage links these effects to loss of mitochondrial anterograde transport down axons or establishes the proposed sequence in Down syndrome. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • 3-nitrotyrosine levels, indicating peroxynitrite damage, are elevated in Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

    “Elevated levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), suggestive of damage by peroxynitrite (Table 1) are also observed in AD18,24 and aMCI25.”

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Authors
Reed, T. T., Pierce Jr., W. M., Turner, D. M., Markesbery, W. R., & Allan Butterfield, D.
Affiliations
  • University of Kentucky (US)
  • University of Louisville (US)
Venue
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-08-22
Volume
13
Issue
8b
Pages
2019-2029
ISSN
  • 1582-1838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1582-4934
OpenAlex
W2029887257
Cited by
135
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
FWCI
6.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (P30AG028383, P01AG010836, P01AG005119, 3P30 AG-028383, AG 10836, AG0 5119)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, early Alzheimer's disease, protein nitration, inferior parietal lobule, oxidative stress, mild cognitive impairment, peroxiredoxin 2, triosephosphate isomerase, glutamate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, alpha-enolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, disease progression
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nitrates, Parietal Lobe, Proteomics

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