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NADPH Oxidase 1-Mediated Oxidative Stress Leads to Dopamine Neuron Death in Parkinson's Disease
Open accessAbstract
AIM: Oxidative stress has long been considered as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, molecular sources for reactive oxygen species in Parkinson's disease have not been clearly elucidated. Herein, we sought to investigate whether a superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are implicated in oxidative stress-mediated dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. RESULTS: Expression of various Nox isoforms and cytoplasmic components were investigated in N27, rat dopaminergic cells. While most of Nox isoforms were constitutively expressed, Nox1 expression was significantly increased after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. Rac1, a key regulator in the Nox1 system, was also activated. Striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine increased Nox1 expression in dopaminergic neurons in the rat substantia nigra. Interestingly, it was localized into the nucleus, and immunostaining for DNA oxidative stress marker, 8-oxo-dG, was increased. Nox1 expression was also found in the nucleus of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. Adeno-associated virus-mediated Nox1 knockdown or Rac1 inhibition reduced 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative DNA damage and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration significantly. INNOVATION: Nox1/Rac1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that dopaminergic neurons are equipped with the Nox1/Rac1 superoxide-generating system. Stress-induced Nox1/Rac1 activation causes oxidative DNA damage and neurodegeneration. Reduced dopaminergic neuronal death achieved by targeting Nox1/Rac1, emphasizes the impact of oxidative stress caused by this system on the pathogenesis and therapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Cites
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“Moreover, a significant increase in oxidative damage to DNA in both nucleus and mitochondria has been observed in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD patients (2, 31, 41).”
BackgroundKetamine-Induced Loss of Phenotype of Fast-Spiking Interneurons Is Mediated by NADPH-Oxidase
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“They are involved in Nox1-mediated superoxide generation (4, 20).”
BackgroundThe superoxide‐producing NAD(P)H oxidase Nox4 in the nucleus of human vascular endothelial cells
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Cited by
Fricker, M., Tolkovsky, A. M., Borutaite, V., Coleman, M., & Brown, G. C. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2017 · Cited by 1,108
Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Pajares, M., I. Rojo, A., Manda, G., Boscá, L., & Cuadrado, A. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9071687 · Cited by 779
Ferroptosis and its potential role in the physiopathology of Parkinson’s Disease
Mahoney-Sánchez, L., Bouchaoui, H., Ayton, S., Devos, D., Duce, J. A., & Devedjian, J.-C. (2021) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101890 · Cited by 553
NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders
Ma, M. W., Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, R., Dhandapani, K. M., Vadlamudi, R. K., & Brann, D. W. (2017) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0150-7 · Cited by 432
New Insights on NOX Enzymes in the Central Nervous System
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Metadata
- Authors
- Choi, D.-H., Cristóvão, A. C., Guhathakurta, S., Lee, J., Joh, T. H., Beal, M. F., & Kim, Y.-S.
- Venue
- Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-05-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1033-1045
- ISSN
- 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7716
- OpenAlex
- W2054790952
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 7.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
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