Current and Future Trends in Internet-Supported Mental Health Interventions
Abstract
Despite growing research in the past two decades involving Internet-supported or online mental health interventions, there has been only a few attempts to provide a synthesis of the research findings and future trends. The Internet has grown exponentially during this time, providing greater access to a wider population than ever before. Consequently, online mental health interventions have the potential to be cost-effective, convenient, and reach a more diverse population than traditional, face-to-face interventions. This paper reviews and summarizes the current research for online mental health interventions and discusses future trends. These interventions range from psychoeducational static webpages and complex, personalized, interactive cognitive-behavioral-based self-help programs, to videoconferencing, self-help support groups, blogging, and professional-led online therapy. Future trends in online interventions include the greater prevalence of online therapy and the use of video chat and videoconferencing technologies to enhance and extend the therapeutic relationship. The use of texting or short message service (SMS), mobile communications, smart phone applications, gaming, and virtual worlds extends the intervention paradigm into new environments not always previously considered as intervention opportunities. We find that there is strong evidence to support the effective use and future development of a variety of online mental health applications.
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Web-based resources and interventions may supplement face-to-face services, providing support to people as they wait for appointments.
“web-based resources and interventions may supplement face-to-face services, providing support to people as they wait for appointments [8]”
From Web-Based Interventions to Help Australian Adults Address Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and General Mental Well-being: Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
Web-based resources have the advantage of enabling consumers' anonymity and access at any time of the day or night, from the privacy and convenience of their own homes.
“Web-based resources have the advantage of enabling consumers’ anonymity and access at any time of the day or night, from the privacy and convenience of their own homes [8].”
From Web-Based Interventions to Help Australian Adults Address Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and General Mental Well-being: Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
Web-based interventions have been found to be cost-effective for development and delivery.
“web-based interventions have been found to be cost-effective for development and delivery”
From Web-Based Interventions to Help Australian Adults Address Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and General Mental Well-being: Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
Many web-based interventions are offered for free to consumers.
“many are offered for free to consumers [8]”
From Web-Based Interventions to Help Australian Adults Address Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and General Mental Well-being: Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
Online interventions have the advantage of reaching vulnerable and low-income populations who find it difficult to access psychotherapeutic services, making these interventions profitable and accessible.
“Another advantage of the implementation of online interventions has to do with reaching the vulnerable and low-income population, who find it difficult to have access to a psychotherapeutic service, which is why these types of interventions are profitable and accessible (Barak and Grohol, 2011).”
From A Self-Applied Multi-Component Psychological Online Intervention Based on UX, for the Prevention of Complicated Grief Disorder in the Mexican Population During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2021) · cites this paper as Barak and Grohol, 2011
An increasing number of studies on Internet-based interventions, many based on CBT (iCBT), indicate their efficacy in supporting use of constructive self-management strategies in individuals living with chronic illness.
“An increasing number of studies on Internet-based interventions, many based on CBT (iCBT), indicate their efficacy in supporting use of constructive self-management strategies in individuals living with chronic illness [12-15].”
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Flagged first, then by citations
7 of the 228 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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“A variety of technology-mediated mental and behavioral health services are available [2,3], with a growing body of evidence supporting their efficacy (eg, [4-7]).”
BackgroundBaumel, A., Edan, S., & Kane, J. M. (2019) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibz147 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Affective cognition: Exploring lay theories of emotion
Ong, D. C., Zaki, J., & Goodman, N. D. (2015) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2015.06.010 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Välimäki, M., Anttila, K., Anttila, M., & Lahti, M. (2017) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.8624 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Its features could be translated into health services and offer easy access [1,3], safeguarded anonymity [4], and opportunities to receive help without the fear of stigmatization [6].”
BackgroundCipolletta, S., & Mocellin, D. (2018) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1259533 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“…was considered the most appropriate modality, possibly for its similarity with traditional face-to-face counseling (rather than text-based modalities); this finding was in line with previous studies (Backhaus et al., 2012; Barak & Grohol, 2011; Centore & Milacci, 2008; Mora et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultClinical Social Work in a Digital Environment: Ethical and Risk-Management Challenges
Reamer, F. G. (2014) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-014-0495-0 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“Some clinicians believe that maintaining online relationships with clients on social networking sites can be used as a therapeutic tool (Barak and Grohol 2011; Graffeo and La Barbera 2009; Lannin and Scott 2013); they claim that informal contact with clients on social networking sites empowers…”
BackgroundMental distress and language use: Linguistic analysis of discussion forum posts
Lyons, M. T., Aksayli, N. D., & Brewer, G. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.035 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Li, T. M. H., Chau, M., Wong, P. W. C., Lai, E. S., & Yip, P. S. F. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2316 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“The Internet has been proposed to be an efficient platform to engage, educate, and intervene in the younger generation’s health concerns, especially for those who are not easily engaged by traditional methods [8,9].”
Witte, N. A. J. D., Joris, S., Assche, E. V., & Daele, T. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2021.754337 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“To address this, attempts have already been made to structure parts of the field, for example for specific technologies, e.g., internet-supported mental health interventions (5, 6), smartphone apps (7) or for particular domains, e.g., for emotion regulation in clinical psychology (8).”
BackgroundCyber Counseling: Illuminating Benefits and Challenges
Mishna, F., Bogo, M., & Sawyer, J.-L. (2013) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-013-0470-1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Cyber counseling or e-Therapy is considered a realistic way of responding to the demand for mental health services, a demand which is expected to increase exponentially in the coming years (Barak and Grohol 2011; Norcross et al. 2002; Schmidt and Wykes 2012).”
BackgroundWeb-Based Interventions for Youth Internalizing Problems: A Systematic Review
Reyes-Portillo, J. A., Mufson, L., Greenhill, L. L., Gould, M. S., Fisher, P. W., Tarlow, N., & Rynn, M. A. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.005 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Strand, M., Eng, L. S., & Gammon, D. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-020-00370-x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“While much of the literature on peer support is based on offline face-to-face settings, online peer support has evolved rapidly in recent years [22, 23], also for mental health issues [24] exemplified through different types of interventions and target groups [25–27].”
BackgroundSocial Work and Social Media: Online Help-Seeking and the Mental Well-Being of Adolescent Males
Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. J. (2014) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcu130 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Despite vigorous debate within the field, a number of studies have postulated the mental health support benefits of online technologies (Mackinnon et al., 2008; Barak and Grohol, 2011; Burns et al., 2013).”
BackgroundA Scoping Review of Social Media Use in Social Work Practice
Chan, C. (2015) · Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work · doi:10.1080/23761407.2015.1052908 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Delivery of Compassionate Mental Health Care in a Digital Technology–Driven Age: Scoping Review
Kemp, J., Zhang, T., Inglis, F., Wiljer, D., Sockalingam, S., Crawford, A. S., Lo, B., Charow, R., Munnery, M., Takhar, S. S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/16263 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“…care involves technologies that support compassionate care and are used by health professionals and/or patients, including uses such as shared gaming time between health professionals and patients to facilitate bonding time [35,56], mental health apps [26,47,64], and patient portals [41,48].”
BackgroundKristjánsdóttir, Ó. B., Fors, E. A., Eide, E., Finset, A., Stensrud, T. L., van Dulmen, S., Wigers, S. H., & Eide, H. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2442 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“An increasing number of studies on Internet-based interventions, many based on CBT (iCBT), indicate their efficacy in supporting use of constructive self-management strategies in individuals living with chronic illness [12-15].”
BackgroundHelgadóttir, F. D., Menzies, R. G., Onslow, M., Packman, A., & O’Brian, S. (2014) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.04.001 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ramsey, A. T., & Montgomery, K. L. (2014) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2014.925531 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“For those who are open to the inclusion of technology in social work practice, there remains considerable debate regarding whether technology should be implemented as a supplement to or substitute for traditional face-to-face approaches (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Wodarski & Frimpong, 2013).”
BackgroundBarakat, S., Maguire, S., Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Crosby, R. D., & Touyz, S. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23131 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Young people, social workers and social work education: the role of digital skills
López Peláez, A., Erro-Garcés, A., & Gómez-Ciriano, E. J. (2020) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2020.1795110 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Internet-Based Interventions for Addictive Behaviours: A Systematic Review
Chebli, J.-L., Blaszczynski, A. P., & Gainsbury, S. (2016) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-016-9599-5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, has now been set in motion to cover and regulate the privacy and security of all technology-based healthcare transactions (Barak and Grohol 2011).”
Naidoo, P., & Cartwright, D. J. (2020) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2020.1842279 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“…vary in form and purpose, and include online counseling and psychotherapy, the use of psychoeducational websites, online support groups, self-help interventions and career assessment and guidance services (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Rummell & Joyce, 2010; Tirel, Rozgonjuk, Purre, & Elhai, 2019).”
BackgroundWang, Q., Zhang, W., & An, S.-B. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100690 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“More-over, online interventions offer an affordable and easily accessible avenue for services, particularly benefiting marginalized and minority communities, as well as adolescents and college students residing in geographically remote regions (Barak and Grohol, 2011).”
BackgroundWozney, L., Newton, A. S., Gehring, N. D., Bennett, K., Huguet, A., Hartling, L., Dyson, M. P., & McGrath, P. (2017) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0474-9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“conducted and published regularly to keep up with the ever-changing landscape [34].”
BackgroundThe Application of e-Mental Health in Response to COVID-19: Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Ellis, L. A., Meulenbroeks, I., Churruca, K., Pomare, C., Hatem, S., Harrison, R., Zurynski, Y. A., & Braithwaite, J. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/32948 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“The opportunities afforded by programs and services that aim to treat and manage mental health problems have been recognized for over two decades [15,16].”
BackgroundKazlauskas, E. (2017) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2017.1322399 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“a prevention and intervention method [17].”
Defining and Predicting Patterns of Early Response in a Web-Based Intervention for Depression
Lutz, W., Arndt, A., Rubel, J. A., Berger, T., Schröder, J., Späth, C., Meyer, B., Greiner, W., Gräfe, V., Hautzinger, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7367 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“For example, such interventions may be appropriate for individuals who have difficulty accessing psychological treatment or do not want to utilize face-to-face treatment [1-5].”
BackgroundBerk, L., Berk, M., Dodd, S., Kelly, C., Cvetkovski, S., & Jorm, A. F. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-162 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Although studies have highlighted the advantages of tailored interactive health information [37,38], for pragmatic reasons, we developed a simple static information website with text, pictures and graphics.”
BackgroundImproving Arabic Cognitive Distortion Classification in Twitter using BERTopic
Alhaj, F., Al-Haj, A., Sharieh, A., & Jabri, R. (2022) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2022.0130199 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Development Guidelines from a Study of Suicide Prevention Mobile Applications (Apps)
Praetorius, R. T., McCoy, M. K., & Roan, M. (2013) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2013.814750 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Indeed, a broad understanding of best practices for mobile apps and technology for direct practice is still unavailable in the literature (Barak & Grohol, 2011).”
BackgroundDombo, E. A., Kays, L., & Weller, K. (2014) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2014.948585 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“The delivery of clinical social work services online is increasingly common.. Social workers may refer their clients to psycho-educational websites, Smartphone Apps, or self-guided interventions (Barak & Grohol, 2011) to use as supports in conjunction with therapy.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialConstruing a therapeutic relationship online: An analysis of videoconference sessions
Cipolletta, S., Frassoni, E., & Faccio, E. (2017) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12117 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mishna, F., Fantus, S., & McInroy, L. B. (2016) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-016-0576-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Capability Sensitive Design for Health and Wellbeing Technologies
Jacobs, N. (2020) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-020-00275-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Experiences in Online Process Groups: A Qualitative Study
Kozlowski, K., & Holmes, C. M. (2014) · The Journal for Specialists in Group Work · doi:10.1080/01933922.2014.948235 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Effects of Attachment Priming on Depressed and Anxious Mood
Carnelley, K. B., Otway, L. J., & Rowe, A. C. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615594998 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“There is a growing use of technology in the treatment of mental health, including text messages (Barak & Grohol, 2011).”
BackgroundExperiences of Online Counseling Among Undergraduates in Some Ghanaian Universities
Amos, P. M., Bedu-Addo, P. K. A., & Antwi, T. (2020) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244020941844 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“This has enriched the counseling profession and upgraded performance (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Kraus, 2011c).”
BackgroundSehlin, H., Ahlström, B. H., Andersson, G., & Wentz, E. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1599-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Realpe, A. X., Elahi, F., Bucci, S., Birchwood, M. J., Vlaev, I., Taylor, D., & Thompson, A. D. (2019) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12804 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Online mental health interventions have the potential to reach people in a convenient, timely and cost-effective way (Barak & Grohol, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodSherman, L. E., & Greenfield, P. M. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.018 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Marcelle, E. T., Nolting, L., Hinshaw, S. P., & Aguilera, A. (2018) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/10948 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Although such interventions have been found to be efficacious, barriers to accessible, reliable, and consistent internet connection keep these interventions beyond the reach of traditionally underserved populations [18].”
BackgroundCyberbullying in the Metaverse
Upadhyay, U., Kumar, A., Sharma, G., Gupta, B. B., Alhalabi, W., Arya, V., & Chui, K. T. (2023) · Journal of Global Information Management · doi:10.4018/jgim.325793 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Victims may get information and help via hotlines, support groups, websites, blogs, and online forums (Barak & Grohol, 2011).”
BackgroundOnline Indicated Preventive Mental Health Interventions for Youth: A Scoping Review
van Doorn, M., Nijhuis, L. A., Egeler, M. D., Daams, J. G., Popma, A., van Amelsvoort, T., McEnery, C., Gleeson, J. F., Öry, F. G., Avis, K. A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.580843 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Moreover, online interventions have the potential to reach people who are unwilling or unable to receive face-to-face help, for example, those who live in remote areas or those with decreased mobility (30).”
BackgroundE-therapy and social work practice: Benefits, barriers, and training
Cwikel, J., & Friedmann, E. (2019) · International Social Work · doi:10.1177/0020872819847747 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“However, providing e-therapy and using Internet therapeutic programs may require technical skills from both clients and social workers in order to overcome glitches with hardware and software (Atkinson et al., 2009; Barak and Grohol, 2011; Grady et al., 2011; McCarty and Clancy, 2002).”
BackgroundHayes, J., Maughan, D. L., & Grant‐Peterkin, H. (2016) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.161067 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Zeren, Ş. G., Erus, S. M., Amanvermez, Y., Buyruk-Genç, A., Yılmaz, M. B., & Duy, B. (2020) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.9.2.825 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Online counseling refers to a professional counseling help in which the counselee and the counselor communicate with each other via electronic devices (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Bloom, 1998; Richards & Vigano, 2012, 2013).”
BackgroundOpportunities and considerations of new media and technology in sport psychology service delivery.
Price, D., Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Thelwell, R. C. (2022) · Journal of Sport Psychology in Action · doi:10.1080/21520704.2020.1846648 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Asynchronous communication (e.g., emails) means that the client’s and practitioners communication do not occur simultaneously (Barak & Grohol, 2011), whereas synchronous communication (e.g., video conferencing) means that the sessions occur in real time (Elleven & Allen, 2004).”
BackgroundConsiglio, M. D., Merola, S., Pascucci, T., Violani, C., & Couyoumdjian, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189897 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“For this reason, psychologists and non-governmental services increased and strengthened online counselling therapy, or e-therapy [40].”
BackgroundMeasuring the Effect of Mental Health Chatbot Personality on User Engagement
Moilanen, J., Visuri, A., Suryanarayana, S. A., Alorwu, A., Yatani, K., & Hosio, S. J. (2022) · International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia (MUM) · doi:10.1145/3568444.3568464 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“These sources consist of literature [21, 51], audio sources [8] and the internet [4, 25].”
BackgroundGoldin, P. R., Lindholm, R., Ranta, K., Hilgert, O., Helteenvuori, T., & Raevuori, A. (2018) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/11509 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“These online interventions can be delivered in many different formats including psychoeducation, self-help programs, chat support groups, interactive health coaching, and professional-led online therapy [9].”
BackgroundNavarro, P., Sheffield, J. K., Edirippulige, S., & Bambling, M. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/15564 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Online counseling is a common e-mental health intervention offered at youth helplines across the world [7,19] and is described by Barak and Grohol [20] as a “mental health”
BackgroundValidity of A Web-based Measure of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Fung, H. W., Chan, C., Lee, C. Y., Yau, C., Chung, H. M., & Ross, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2020.1760162 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wade-Bohleber, L., Crameri, A., Eich-Stierli, B., Telesko, R., & von Wyl, A. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.5597 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“This is the great advantage of mental health interventions using new technologies [39,62].”
Kornfield, R., Sarma, P. K., Shah, D. V., Mctavish, F. M., Landucci, G., Pe‐Romashko, K., & Gustafson, D. H. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/10136 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Digital health interventions have proliferated in recent years [1], and evidence suggests they can improve management of mental health issues, including substance use disorders (SUDs) [2,3].”
BackgroundFrom Therapy to Teletherapy: Relocating Mental Health Services Online
Yamamoto, F. R., Voida, A., & Voida, S. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3479508 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Several systematic and critical reviews argue that teletherapy can result in client outcomes that are comparable to the outcomes from face-to-face counseling sessions [9, 20, 32, 71].”
BackgroundRistkari, T., Kurki, M., Suominen, A., Gilbert, S., Sinokki, A., Kinnunen, M., Huttunen, J., McGrath, P. J., & Sourander, A. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11446 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Web-based interventions provide various opportunities for extending services to people with mental health [9] and behavioral problems, as they provide an effective way of reaching people, including the parents of children, as with our program.”
Implementation of e‐mental health for depression and anxiety: A critical scoping review
Ellis, L. A., Augustsson, H., Grødahl, A. I., Pomare, C., Churruca, K., Long, J. C., Ludlow, K., Zurynski, Y. A., & Braithwaite, J. (2020) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22309 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Teleconsultation in mental health
Mathieu-Fritz, A., & Crisp, J. (2018) · Réseaux · doi:10.3917/res.207.0123 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tan-MacNeill, K. M., Smith, I. M., Johnson, S. A., Chorney, J. M. L., & Corkum, P. V. (2021) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739615.2021.1886934 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Online interventions have been shown to be effective for a range of health, mental health, and behavioral outcomes in both children and adults (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Cushing & Steele, 2010).”
BackgroundTabassum, A., Ghaznavi, I., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., & Qadir, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/72400 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Ford et al [7] emphasized the importance of equitable access to these virtual educational tools to prevent a knowledge gap between those with and without access to these advanced technologies [91].”
My avatar is pregnant! Representation of pregnancy, birth, and maternity in a virtual world
Lomanowska, A. M., & Guitton, M. J. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.058 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Eltahawy, L., Essig, T., Myszkowski, N., & Trub, L. R. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100035 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Die therapeutische Beziehung in internetbasierten Therapieverfahren
Klasen, M., Knaevelsrud, C., & Böttche, M. (2012) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-012-3659-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mishra, H., & Venkatesan, M. (2022) · Management and Labour Studies · doi:10.1177/0258042x221117960 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…review the research evidence supporting the efficacy of mental health apps for mobile devices Scientific based mental health apps are still lacking Barak & Grohol (2011) Summarizes the research for online mental health interventions Cost-effective, convenient, and reach a more diverse population…”
BackgroundDilkes-Frayne, E., Savic, M., Carter, A., Kokanović, R., & Lubman, D. I. (2019) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732319838231 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Future research will also need to map the affordances, constraints and experiences of online counseling as it evolves with technological advancements such as automation and platform changes (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Miner, Milstein, & Hancock, 2017).”
BackgroundStefan, R., Mantl, G., Höfner, C., Stammer, J., Hochgerner, M., & Petersdorfer, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743430 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Millings, A., Morris, J., Rowe, A. C., Easton, S., Martin, J. K., Majoe, D., & Möhr, C. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.04.005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Attention is turning to the future research agenda in e-mental health (Andrews and Williams, 2014; Barak and Grohol, 2011), where issues such as how to personalise and promote engagement with e-therapy programs have been highlighted as requiring attention (Cavanagh and Millings, 2013a).”
BackgroundTirel, M., Rozgonjuk, D., Purre, M., & Elhai, J. D. (2019) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2018.1561348 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Barak and Grohol (2011) divide online mental health interventions into five categories: online counseling and psychotherapy, psychoeducational websites, interactive interventions, online support groups and blogs, and other types of interventions.”
BackgroundBatterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., Farrer, L. M., Gulliver, A., & Kurz, E. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/22698 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Similarly, individuals with limited mental health literacy or high levels of mental illness stigma may find that such interventions overcome these barriers [43].”
Online counseling using email: a qualitative study
Salleh, A. M., Hamzah, R., Nordin, N. M., Ghavifekr, S., & Joorabchi, T. N. (2015) · Asia Pacific Education Review · doi:10.1007/s12564-015-9393-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Email exchanges are asynchronous which means that the client’s and counselor’s communication do not occur simultaneously (Barak and Grohol 2011) and that responses are delayed (Richards and Viganó 2013).”
BackgroundCade, R., & Gates, J. (2016) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480716679809 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“In the helping professions, there is an emergence of literature exploring the use of video games in counseling and psychotherapy (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Ceranoglu, 2010; Griffiths, 2003; Horne-Moyer, Moyer, Messer, & Messer, 2014).”
BackgroundKarekla, M., & Savvides, S. N. (2021) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibz128 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Uptake and Use of a New Health Information App for Young People
Russell, E., Lloyd-Houldey, A., Memon, A., & Yarker, J. (2018) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2018.1536911 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Such features have also previously been found to facilitate improvements in health outcomes (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Free et al., 2013; Maher et al., 2014; Sillence et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Preliminary Comparison of Online and Face-to-Face Process Groups
Holmes, C. M., & Kozlowski, K. (2015) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2015.1038376 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…gradually accommodating new relational patterns by developing practice skill sets that can successfully deal with social media (Holmes, Kozlowski, & Hermann, 2014), provide therapeutic distance counseling (Barak & Grohol, 2011), and support effective distance super-vision (McAdams & Wyatt, 2010).”
BackgroundTaxonomy of health IT and medication adherence
Mrosek, R., Dehling, T., & Sunyaev, A. (2015) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2015.04.003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“New strategies, such as gami fi cation [24], are promising to help patients with staying motivated when using health IT.”
Woo, H., Dondanville, A. A., Jang, H., Na, G., & Jang, Y. (2020) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-020-09406-w · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“For clients, email-based counseling, chat-rooms, cybertherapy, online self-help and support groups, and numerous counseling information websites provide the convenience of professional services regardless of time and location (Barak and Grohol 2011).”
BackgroundThe lived experience of caring for someone with bipolar disorder: A qualitative study
Speirs, B., Hanstock, T. L., & KAY‐LAMBKIN, F. J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280059 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Web-based interventions, in general, are cost-efficient and effective [50, 51] and would prove an affordable option for carers of people with BD who may not seek out in-person treatment for themselves.”
BackgroundHarkin, L., Beaver, K., Dey, P., & Choong, K. A. (2020) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/2055207619898993 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Themes of safety in anonymity, exposure and detachment online have been debated in research exploring the ‘disinhibition effect’ whereby anonymous online communities have been thought to develop differing types of interactions when compared with personalised ‘realistic’ interactions.(16,17) Additionally, our themes co…”
BackgroundSadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H., & Shalani, B. (2021) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2021.1895699 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…geographical barriers for parents to receive psychoeducation, higher fidelity, greater accessibility, convenience, and reduced time and costs (Aqdassi et al. 2019, Aqdassi et al. 2021, Barak and Grohol 2011, Breitenstein et al. 2014, Hammond et al. 2012, Khanna et al. 2007, Ristkari et al. 2019).”
BackgroundBowman, S. J., Easpaig, B. N. G., & Fox, R. (2020) · Rural and Remote Health · doi:10.22605/rrh5448 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Consiglio, M. D., Fabrizi, G., Conversi, D., Torre, G. L., Pascucci, T., Lombardo, C., Violani, C., & Couyoumdjian, A. (2021) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12251 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Efficacy of technology-based eating disorder treatment: A meta-analysis
Haderlein, T. P. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00448-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Concerns and hopes among adolescents attending adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics
Anttila, K., Anttila, M., Kurki, M., Hätönen, H. M., MARTTUNEN, M. J., & Valimaki, M. A. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12074 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Like Horgan and Sweeney (2010) and Barak and Grohol (2011), we assume that the Internet could be a notable channel for adolescents with mental disorders to share their concerns.”
BackgroundLi, Q., Piaseu, N., Phumonsakul, S., & Thadakant, S. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16020217 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Despite limitations, this research contributes valuable insights for future interventions, emphasizing the importance of personalized approaches, interactivity, and long-term follow-ups for sustained impact on maternal and child health.”
BackgroundScarpa, M. P., Prilletensky, I., McMahon, A., Myers, N. D., Prilleltensky, O., Lee, S., Pfeiffer, K. A., Bateman, A. G., & Brincks, A. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2021.690389 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Social Media and E-professionalism in Child Welfare: Policy and Practice
Sage, M., & Sage, T. (2015) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2015.1099589 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Beneficial uses for social media in child welfare Technology, including social media, offers cost-effective opportunities to support interventions and maintain contact with clients and stakeholders (Barak & Grohol, 2011; Bell et al., 2014).”
BackgroundDominguez-Rodriguez, A., Martínez-Luna, S. C., Hernández Jiménez, M. J., De La Rosa-Gómez, A., Arenas-Landgrave, P., Esquivel Santoveña, E. E., Arzola-Sánchez, C., Alvarez Silva, J., Solis Nicolas, A. M., Colmenero Guadián, A. M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644782 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Smartphone-based serious games for mental health: a scoping review
Gómez-Cambronero, Á., Mann, A.-L., Mira, A., Doherty, G. J., & Casteleyn, S. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-18971-w · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…or smartphones, are seen as having the potential to improve temporal and geographical access to mental health services, lower attitudinal barriers (e.g., stigma, shame) [13] and are generally cost-effective [14], thereby reaching a wider public with lower costs and shorter waiting times [15].”
Kurki, M., Anttila, M., Koivunen, M. H., MARTTUNEN, M. J., & Valimaki, M. A. (2017) · Informatics for Health and Social Care · doi:10.1080/17538157.2016.1269110 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Other professions’ negative attitudes toward the technology-based system or differences between frameworks may be confusing and related to the acceptance of a new intervention (24,45,46).”
BackgroundReducing Depression Through an Online Intervention: Benefits From a User Perspective
Crisp, D. A., & Griffiths, K. M. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4356 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“In the area of mental health, Internet-based interventions for depression have undergone significant development [2].”
The development and initial psychometric validation of the eHealth readiness scale
Bhalla, A., Durham, R. L., Al-Tabaa, N., & Yeager, C. M. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.015 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barak, A., & Grohol, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Haifa (IL)
- PsychCentral
- Corresponding author
- Barak, Azy
- ORCID
- Grohol, John M.
- Venue
- Journal of Technology in Human Services
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 155-196
- ISSN
- 0740-445X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-8835
- 1522-8991
- OpenAlex
- W1984939782
- Semantic Scholar
- ec03bf61e01bcf9bf15dae1d74db6cde3661970f
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 228
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 18.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Technology in Human Services (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- digital mental health interventions, online intervention, online therapy, videoconferencing, self-help programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, therapeutic relationship, mobile health apps, mobile application, video games, virtual worlds, blogging, cost-effectiveness, future trends
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