Does Glycemic Variability Impact Mood and Quality of Life?
Open accessAbstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Poor glycemic control is associated with more diabetes complications, depression, and worse quality of life. The impact of glycemic variability on mood and quality of life has not been studied. Methods: A descriptive exploratory design was used. Twenty-three women with type 2 diabetes wore a continuous glucose monitoring system for 72 h and completed a series of questionnaires. Measurements included (1) glycemic control shown by glycated hemoglobin and 24-h mean glucose, (2) glycemic variability shown by 24-h SD of the glucose readings, continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA), and Fourier statistical models to generate smoothed curves to assess rate of change defined as “energy,” and (3) mood (depression, anxiety, anger) and quality of life by questionnaires. Results: Women with diabetes and co-morbid depression had higher anxiety, more anger, and lower quality of life than those without depression. Certain glycemic variability measures were associated with mood and quality of life. The 24-h SD of the glucose readings and the CONGA measures were significantly associated with health-related quality of life after adjusting for age and weight. Fourier models indicated that certain energy components were significantly associated with depression, trait anxiety, and overall quality of life. Finally, subjects with higher trait anxiety tended to have steeper glucose excursions. Conclusions: Data suggest that greater glycemic variability may be associated with lower quality of life and negative moods. Implications include replication of the study in a larger sample for the assessment of blood glucose fluctuations as they impact mood and quality of life.
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Glycemic variability is associated with reduced patient psychological well-being and quality of life.
“reduced patient psychological well-being and quality of life,17”
From Glycemic variability and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Penckofer, S., Quinn, L., Byrn, M., Ferrans, C., Miller, M., & Strange, P.
- Affiliations
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Saint Mary's College (US)
- University of Pennsylvania Press (US)
- Integrated Medical Development
- Corresponding author
- Penckofer, Sue
- Venue
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 303-310
- ISSN
- 1520-9156 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8593
- PMC
- PMC3317401
- OpenAlex
- W2091908670
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Loyola University Chicago
- National Institute of Nursing Research (K23NR009240)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- glycemic variability, type 2 diabetes, depression, anxiety, anger, quality of life, mood, continuous glucose monitoring, HbA1c, women with diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Aged, Anger, Anxiety, Blood Glucose, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Glycemic Index, Young Adult
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