The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Emotion Explained
Abstract
Abstract The book links the analysis of the brain mechanisms of emotion and motivation to the wider context of what emotions are, what their functions are, how emotions evolved, and the larger issue of why emotional and motivational feelings and consciousness might arise in a system organized like the brain. The topics in motivation covered are hunger, thirst, sexual behaviour, brain-stimulation reward, and addiction. The book proposes a theory of what emotions are, and an evolutionary, Darwinian, theory of the adaptive value of emotion, and then describes the brain mechanisms of emotion. The book examines how cognitive states can influence emotions, and in turn, how emotions can influence cognitive states. The book also examines emotion and decision-making, with links to the burgeoning field of neuroeconomics. The book describes the brain mechanisms that underlie both emotion and motivation in a scientific form that can be used by both students and scientists in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, cognitive neuroscience, biology, physiology, psychiatry, and medicine.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The macaque OFC is a key brain site at which deep brain electrical stimulation is rewarding (Rolls et al., 1980; Rolls, 2005, 2019c).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Rolls, 2005
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352 · Cited by 2,424
The debate over dopamine’s role in reward: the case for incentive salience
Berridge, K. C. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0578-x · Cited by 2,347
On the relationship between emotion and cognition
Pessoa, L. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2317 · Cited by 2,350
Pessoa, L., & Adolphs, R. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2920 · Cited by 1,794
Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals
Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1099-6 · Cited by 1,254
An integrative and functional framework for the study of animal emotion and mood
Mendl, M., Burman, O. H. P., & Paul, E. S. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0303 · Cited by 944
The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression
Rolls, E. T., Cheng, W., & Feng, J. (2020) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa196 · Cited by 474
Self-citationComputational models of schizophrenia and dopamine modulation in the prefrontal cortex
Rolls, E. T., Loh, M., Deco, G., & Winterer, G. (2008) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2462 · Cited by 396
Self-citationSerotonergic neurons signal reward and punishment on multiple timescales
Cohen, J. Y., Amoroso, M. W., & Uchida, N. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.06346 · Cited by 388
Jung, R. E., Segall, J. M., Bockholt, H. J., Flores, R. A., Smith, S. M., Chavez, R. S., & Haier, R. J. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20874 · Cited by 359
An integrative theoretical framework for understanding sexual motivation, arousal, and behavior
Toates, F. (2009) · Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490902747768 · Cited by 339
The Science of Animal Suffering
Dawkins, M. S. (2008) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01557.x · Cited by 352
Panksepp, J. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00045.x · Cited by 339
Rolls, E. T. (2023) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-023-02644-9 · Cited by 356
Self-citationThe Enigmatic Persistence of Anorexia Nervosa
Walsh, B. T. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12081074 · Cited by 323
McCabe, C., Rolls, E. T., Bilderbeck, A., & McGlone, F. (2008) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsn005 · Cited by 262
Self-citationGut Feelings as a Third Track in General Practitioners’ Diagnostic Reasoning
Stolper, E. C. F., van de Wiel, M. W. J., Royen, P. V., van Bokhoven, M. A., van der Weijden, T., & Dinant, G. (2010) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1524-5 · Cited by 283
Shenhav, A., & Greene, J. D. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3390-13.2014 · Cited by 270
Trevarthen, C. (2010) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.689 · Cited by 257
Brain mechanisms underlying flavour and appetite
Rolls, E. T. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1852 · Cited by 248
Self-citationMolecular Gastronomy: A New Emerging Scientific Discipline
Barham, P., Skibsted, L. H., Bredie, W. L. P., Frøst, M. B., Møller, P., Risbo, J., Snitkjær, P., & Mortensen, L. M. (2010) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr900105w · Cited by 249
Umami: a delicious flavor formed by convergence of taste and olfactory pathways in the human brain
McCabe, C., & Rolls, E. T. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05445.x · Cited by 221
Self-citationThe three faces of overconfidence
Moore, D. A., & Schatz, D. (2017) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12331 · Cited by 224
Rolls, E. (2008) · Acta Physiologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/aphysiol.95.2008.2.1 · Cited by 214
Self-citationHow Pleasant and Unpleasant Stimuli Combine in Different Brain Regions: Odor Mixtures
Fabian Grabenhorst, B., Rolls, E. T., Margot, C., da Silva, M. A. A. P., & Velazco, M. I. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3337-07.2007 · Cited by 233
Self-citationHow the Brain Represents the Reward Value of Fat in the Mouth
Fabian Grabenhorst, B., Rolls, E. T., Parris, B. A., & D’Souza, A. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp169 · Cited by 210
Self-citationSensory processing in the brain related to the control of food intake
Rolls, E. T. (2007) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665107005332 · Cited by 210
Self-citationSelective attention to affective value alters how the brain processes taste stimuli
Fabian Grabenhorst, B., & Rolls, E. T. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06033.x · Cited by 216
Self-citationIs deck B a disadvantageous deck in the Iowa Gambling Task?
Lin, C.-H., Chiu, Y.-C., Lee, P., & Hsieh, J. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-16 · Cited by 202
To group or not to group? Good practice for housing male laboratory mice
Kappel, S., Hawkins, P., & Mendl, M. (2017) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani7120088 · Cited by 190
Enhanced affective brain representations of chocolate in cravers vs. non‐cravers
Rolls, E. T., & McCabe, C. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05724.x · Cited by 188
Self-citationTaste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity
Rolls, E. T. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.155 · Cited by 186
Self-citationDecision‐making and Weber's law: a neurophysiological model
Deco, G., & Rolls, E. T. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04940.x · Cited by 181
Self-citationKadohisa, M., Rolls, E. T., & Verhagen, J. V. (2005) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bji036 · Cited by 173
Self-citationAvian maternal response to chick distress
Edgar, J. L., Lowe, J. C., Paul, E. S., & Nicol, C. J. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2701 · Cited by 172
Applying the Theory of Affective Intelligence to Support for Authoritarian Policies and Parties
Marcus, G. E., Valentino, N. A., Vasilopoulos, P., & Foucault, M. (2019) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12571 · Cited by 186
Entertainment is Emotion: The Functional Architecture of the Entertainment Experience
Tan, E. S. (2008) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260701853161 · Cited by 164
The use of judgement bias to assess welfare in farm livestock
Baciadonna, L., & McElligott, A. G. (2015) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.24.1.081 · Cited by 157
Face-selective and auditory neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex
Rolls, E. T., Critchley, H. D., Browning, A. S., & Inoue, K. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0191-y · Cited by 151
Self-citationUnderstanding the mechanisms of food intake and obesity
Rolls, E. T. (2007) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00321.x · Cited by 151
Self-citationTaste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and the control of appetite
Rolls, E. T. (2012) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665112000821 · Cited by 149
Self-citationAndrewes, D. G., & Jenkins, L. M. (2019) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-019-09398-4 · Cited by 169
Deontological and altruistic guilt: evidence for distinct neurobiological substrates
Basile, B., Mancini, F., Macaluso, E., Caltagirone, C., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Bozzali, M. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21009 · Cited by 133
Kalateh, S., Estrada-Jimenez, L. A., Nikghadam-Hojjati, S., & Barata, J. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3430850 · Cited by 170
The envious brain: The neural basis of social comparison
Dvash, J., Gilam, G., Ben‐Ze'ev, A., Hendler, T., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. G. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20972 · Cited by 132
Reward-Spatial View Representations and Learning in the Primate Hippocampus
Rolls, E. T., & Xiang, J.-Z. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1481-05.2005 · Cited by 133
Self-citationEmergent processes in cognitive-emotional interactions
Pessoa, L. (2010) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2010.12.4/lpessoa · Cited by 141
From affective value to decision‐making in the prefrontal cortex
Fabian Grabenhorst, B., Rolls, E. T., & Parris, B. A. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06489.x · Cited by 130
Self-citationEmotions and cognition: a new approach to animal welfare
Boissy, A., Arnould, C., Chaillou, É., Désiré, L., Duvaux-Ponter, C., Greiveldinger, L., Leterrier, C., Richard, S., Roussel, S., Saint-Dizier, H., et al. (2007) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600031717 · Cited by 123
A quantitative theory of the functions of the hippocampal CA3 network in memory
Rolls, E. T. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00098 · Cited by 124
Self-citationDecision-Making, Errors, and Confidence in the Brain
Rolls, E. T., Fabian Grabenhorst, B., & Deco, G. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00571.2010 · Cited by 123
Self-citationGrounding Business Models: Cognition, Boundary Objects, and Business Model Change
Shepherd, D. A., Seyb, S., & George, G. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2020.0173 · Cited by 126
Control Processes, Priority Management, and Affective Dynamics
Carver, C. S. (2015) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073915590616 · Cited by 112
Immediate gain is long-term loss: Are there foresighted decision makers in the Iowa Gambling Task?
Chiu, Y.-C., Lin, C.-H., Huang, J.-T., Lin, S., Lee, P., & Hsieh, J. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-13 · Cited by 117
On the Role of Emotion in Embodied Cognitive Architectures: From Organisms to Robots
Ziemke, T., & Lowe, R. J. (2009) · Cognitive Computation · doi:10.1007/s12559-009-9012-0 · Cited by 111
Sensitivity to reward loss as an indicator of animal emotion and welfare
Burman, O. H. P., Parker, R. M., Paul, E. S., & Mendl, M. (2008) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0113 · Cited by 107
Paraphilias Across Cultures: Contexts and Controversies
Bhugra, D., Popelyuk, D., & McMullen, I. (2010) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224491003699833 · Cited by 102
Was Hercules Happy? Some Answers from a Functional Model of Human Well-being
Vittersø, J., Søholt, Y., Hetland, A., Thoresen, I. A., & Røysamb, E. (2009) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9447-4 · Cited by 109
Jacquier, C., Bonthoux, F., Baciu, M., & Ruffieux, B. (2012) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00447.x · Cited by 102
Leyton, M., Rot, M. A. H., Booij, L., Baker, G. B., Young, S. N., & Benkelfat, C. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0713 · Cited by 100
Chimpanzees and Bonobos Exhibit Emotional Responses to Decision Outcomes
Rosati, A. G., & Hare, B. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063058 · Cited by 104
How to Unify Theories of Sensory Pleasure: An Adverbialist Proposal
Aydede, M. (2014) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-014-0175-6 · Cited by 94
An attractor hypothesis of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Rolls, E. T., Loh, M., & Deco, G. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06379.x · Cited by 91
Self-citationNeuronal selectivity, population sparseness, and ergodicity in the inferior temporal visual cortex
Franco, L., Rolls, E. T., Aggelopoulos, N. C., & Jerez, J. M. (2007) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-007-0149-1 · Cited by 91
Self-citationThe Representation of Information About Taste and Odor in the Orbitofrontal Cortex
Rolls, E. T., Critchley, H., Verhagen, J. V., & Kadohisa, M. (2009) · Chemosensory Perception · doi:10.1007/s12078-009-9054-4 · Cited by 87
Self-citationHedonic value: enhancing adaptation for motivated agents
Cos, I., Cañamero, L. D., Hayes, G. M., & Gillies, A. (2013) · Adaptive Behavior · doi:10.1177/1059712313486817 · Cited by 88
The Psychology of Risk: The Behavioral Finance Perspective
Ricciardi, V. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470404324.hof002010 · Cited by 86
Emotions in prospective secondary teachers when teaching science content, distinguishing by gender
Cortés, A. B. B., Mero, M. B., Mellado, L., et al. (2014) · Research in Science & Technological Education · doi:10.1080/02635143.2014.909800 · Cited by 81
The Hormonal Correlates of Implicit Motives
Schultheiss, O. C. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12008 · Cited by 79
Learning invariant object recognition in the visual system with continuous transformations
Stringer, S. M., Perry, G., Rolls, E. T., & Proske, J. H. (2005) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-005-0030-z · Cited by 79
Self-citationRaison, C. L., Hale, M. W., Williams, L. E., Wager, T. D., & Lowry, C. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01580 · Cited by 77
Brain maps of Iowa gambling task
Lin, C.-H., Chiu, Y.-C., Cheng, C. M., & Hsieh, J. (2008) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-9-72 · Cited by 80
What are Emotional States, and Why Do We Have Them?
Rolls, E. T. (2013) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073913477514 · Cited by 74
Self-citationŻurawicki, L. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77829-5_1 · Cited by 73
Aggelopoulos, N. C., & Rolls, E. T. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04487.x · Cited by 69
Self-citationEker, M. C., Şimşek, F., Yılmazer, E. E., Kitiş, Ö., ÇINAR, C., Eker, Ö. D., Coburn, K. L., & Gönül, A. S. (2014) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12181 · Cited by 70
A Biologically Inspired Architecture for an Autonomous and Social Robot
Malfáz, M., Castro‐González, Á., Barber, R., & Salichs, M. A. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development · doi:10.1109/tamd.2011.2112766 · Cited by 64
Rolls, E. T. (2009) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1 · Cited by 83
Self-citationEmotion Recognition From Gait Analyses: Current Research and Future Directions
Xu, S., Fang, J., Hu, X., Ngai, E. C. ‐., Wang, W. W., Guo, Y., & Leung, V. C. M. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2022.3223251 · Cited by 88
Fabian Grabenhorst, B., & Rolls, E. T. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00352.2010 · Cited by 62
Self-citationOn the Evolution and Optimality of Mood States
Trimmer, P. C., Paul, E. S., Mendl, M., McNamara, J. M., & Houston, A. I. (2013) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs3030501 · Cited by 61
Dopamine D1Receptor Modulates Hippocampal Representation Plasticity to Spatial Novelty
Tran, A. H., Uwano, T., Kimura, T., Hori, E., Katsuki, M., Nishijo, H., & Ono, T. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2680-08.2008 · Cited by 63
Relations of homology between higher cognitive emotions and basic emotions
Clark, J. A. (2009) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-009-9170-1 · Cited by 60
Bridging the Gap: Human Emotions and Animal Emotions
Mendl, M., Neville, V., & Paul, E. S. (2022) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-022-00125-6 · Cited by 58
Do Insects Have Emotions? Some Insights from Bumble Bees
Baracchi, D., Lihoreau, M., & Giurfa, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00157 · Cited by 57
The neurophysiology and functions of the orbitofrontal cortex
Rolls, E. T. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565741.003.0005 · Cited by 57
Self-citationCross-Species Neuroaffective Parsing of Primal Emotional Desires and Aversions in Mammals
Panksepp, J. (2013) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073913477515 · Cited by 58
Increased reward in ankle robotics training enhances motor control and cortical efficiency in stroke
Goodman, R. N., Rietschel, J. C., Roy, A., Jung, B. C., Diaz, J., Macko, R. F., & Forrester, L. W. (2014) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2013.02.0050 · Cited by 56
The representation of oral fat texture in the human somatosensory cortex
Fabian Grabenhorst, B., & Rolls, E. T. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22346 · Cited by 57
Self-citationAction Change Theory: A Reinforcement Learning Perspective on Behavior Change
Vlaev, I., & Dolan, P. (2015) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000029 · Cited by 61
Attractor cortical neurodynamics, schizophrenia, and depression
Rolls, E. T. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01333-7 · Cited by 63
Self-citationNegative Emotionality Predicts Attitudes Toward Plagiarism
Tindall, I. K., & Curtis, G. J. (2019) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-019-09343-3 · Cited by 54
Consciousness, Decision-Making and Neural Computation
Rolls, E. T. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1452-1_9 · Cited by 54
Self-citationExplaining Economic Crises: Are There Collective Representations?
Thagard, P. R. (2010) · Episteme · doi:10.3366/epi.2010.0207 · Cited by 56
The Texture and Taste of Food in the Brain.
Rolls, E. (2019) · Journal of texture studies · doi:10.1111/jtxs.12488 · Cited by 40
Self-citationEmotion Regulation and Performance
Jones, M. V. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199731763.013.0008 · Cited by 61
Threat sensitivity, incentive sensitivity, and the experience of relief.
Carver, C. S. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00540.x · Cited by 50
Creative Intuition: How Eureka Results from Three Neural Mechanisms
Thagard, P. R. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139136419.016 · Cited by 48
Harmon‐Jones, E. (2018) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1514293 · Cited by 55
Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing in Year 10 and Beyond
Wang, Y., Berwick, R. C., Haykin, S., et al. (2011) · International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence · doi:10.4018/jcini.2011100101 · Cited by 49
Metadata
- Authors
- Rolls, E. T.
- Corresponding author
- Rolls, Edmund T.
- ORCID
- Rolls, Edmund T.
- Venue
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2005-09-08
- OpenAlex
- W4242417737
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 5.26
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- emotions, motivation, evolutionary theory of emotion, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, brain stimulation reward, addiction, cognitive states, emotion and cognition, emotional decision-making, neuroeconomics, consciousness, Darwinian theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review