Factors affecting starch digestibility and the glycemic response with special reference to legumes
Abstract
Large differences exist in the degree to which different starch containing foods affect the blood glucose levels of both normal volunteers and diabetics. These differences appear to relate to the digestibility of the starch and the factors determining this, including: the interaction of starch with fiber, antinutrients (eg, phytate) and protein in the food, together with the nature of the starch itself and its physical form (eg, raw or cooked, ground or whole). In this respect legumes exemplify a class of foods, high in fiber, protein and antinutrients, with a starch which is digested slowly in vitro. They also produce relatively small blood glucose rises after consumption by both normals and diabetics and in the longterm result in improved diabetic control. Identification of more such foods and further understanding of factors determining starch digestibility will allow greater therapeutic use of diet in the management of diabetics and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
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The GI of a food can be affected by fat, protein, anti-nutrients, and acidity or acidic compounds.
“different elements can affect the GI of a food, such as the presence of fat (Collier & O'Dea, 1983), the presence of protein (Granfeldt et al. 1991), the presence of some anti-nutrients (Thorne et al. 1983), and acidity or the presence of acidic compounds (Liljeberg et al. 1995;Liljeberg & Bjorck, 1996, 1998).”
From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Thorne et al. 1983
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- Authors
- Thorne, M., Thompson, L., & Jenkins, D.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-09
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 481-488
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1828892665
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytase and its Applications
- Keywords
- starch digestibility, glycemic response, Fabaceae, blood glucose, diabetes mellitus, dietary fiber, antinutritional factors, phytic acid, proteins, carbohydrate metabolism, diabetic diet
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Glucose, Cooking, Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Dietary Proteins, Digestion, Humans, Fabaceae, Particle Size, Plants, Medicinal, Starch
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