Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors
Open accessAbstract
Background Increased awareness of the importance of vitamin D to health has led to concerns about the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in many parts of the world.Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the white British population and to evaluate the influence of key dietary and lifestyle risk factors.Design We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in 7437 whites from the 1958 British birth cohort when they were 45 y old.Results The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was highest during the winter and spring, when 25(OH)D concentrations <25, <40, and <75 nmol/L were found in 15.5%, 46.6%, and 87.1% of participants, respectively; the proportions were 3.2%, 15.4%, and 60.9%, respectively, during the summer and fall. Men had higher 25(OH)D concentrations, on average, than did women during the summer and fall but not during the winter and spring (P = 0.006, likelihood ratio test for interaction). 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in participants who used vitamin D supplements or oily fish than in those who did not (P < 0.0001 for both) but were not significantly higher in participants who consumed vitamin D-fortified margarine than in those who did not (P = 0.10). 25(OH)D concentrations <40 nmol/L were twice as likely in the obese as in the nonobese and in Scottish participants as in those from other parts of Great Britain (ie, England and Wales) (P < 0.0001 for both).Conclusion Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the general population was alarmingly high during the winter and spring, which warrants action at a population level rather than at a risk group level.
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An independent relationship between PTH and obesity has been reported.
“Hyperparathyroidism is common, and while this may be secondary to vitamin D deficiency, an independent relationship between PTH and obesity has been reported14, 15.”
From Bone loss after bariatric surgery: causes, consequences, and management (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
In a recent study, obese women had higher PTH, BSAP, leptin, and FGF-23 and lower 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D than controls.
“In a recent study of obese women had higher levels of PTH, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), leptin, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and lower 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D than controls14.”
From Bone loss after bariatric surgery: causes, consequences, and management (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
Hyperparathyroidism is common.
“Hyperparathyroidism is common, and while this may be secondary to vitamin D deficiency, an independent relationship between PTH and obesity has been reported14, 15.”
From Bone loss after bariatric surgery: causes, consequences, and management (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
Hyperparathyroidism may be secondary to vitamin D deficiency.
“Hyperparathyroidism is common, and while this may be secondary to vitamin D deficiency, an independent relationship between PTH and obesity has been reported14, 15.”
From Bone loss after bariatric surgery: causes, consequences, and management (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
Leptin levels predicted both PTH and FGF-23.
“Leptin levels predicted both PTH and FGF-23.”
From Bone loss after bariatric surgery: causes, consequences, and management (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Hyppönen, E., & Power, C.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hyppönen, Elina
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 860-868
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2127347194
- Cited by
- 756
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 38.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (PHCS/C4/4/016)
- Bupa Foundation
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children
- Medical Research Council (G0000934)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D status, seasonal variation, vitamin D supplementation, oily fish consumption, obesity, sex differences, 1958 British birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Body Height, Body Weight, Female, Geography, United Kingdom, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Seasons, Socioeconomic Factors, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Cohort Studies, Nutrition Policy
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