The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Requests and Apologies: A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP)1
Abstract
SHOSHANA BLUM-KULKA, ELITE OLSHTAIN; Requests and Apologies: A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP)1, Applied Linguistics, Volu
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Austin, J. L. (1975) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198245537.001.0001 · Cited by 21,496
Searle, J. R. (1969) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139173438 · Cited by 11,718
Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure
THOMAS, J. (1983) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/4.2.91 · Cited by 2,001
Teaching Language as Communication
Tarone, E. E., & Widdowson, H. G. (1980) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3586242 · Cited by 1,340
Lamarque, P., & Searle, J. R. (1982) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2960084 · Cited by 939
Is Sybil there? the structure of some American English directives
Ervin-Tripp, S. Μ. (1976) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404500006849 · Cited by 764
Santa Cruz lectures on deixis, 1971
Fillmore, C. J. (1975) · Reproduced by the Indiana University Linguistics Club eBooks · Cited by 582
Politeness Markers in English and German
House, J., & Kasper, G. (1981) · Mouton eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110809145.157 · Cited by 552
Spoken Discourse: A Model for Analysis
Edmondson, W. J. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 416
Blum‐Kulka, S. (1982) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/iii.1.29 · Cited by 288
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,238
Blanco, Y. A. D. O. C. (2021) · doi:10.11606/t.8.2021.tde-23072021-155041 · Cited by 2
The Importance of Pragmatic Competence in the EFL Curriculum: Application and Implications*Preprint
Journal, A. W. E., Choraih, M. A., Loutfi, A., et al. (2017) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/u5rc9 · Cited by 2
Pérez, C. J., & McDonald, J. L. (2020) · Applied Pragmatics · doi:10.1075/ap.19013.per · Cited by 1
Request Strategies and Gender Differences among Bangladeshi Students within Online Classrooms
Sikder, S. (2021) · International Journal of English Language Studies · doi:10.32996/ijels.2021.3.9.1 · Cited by 1
“The data was analysed and discussed based on the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) theory by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984).”
MethodInfluentialDiscursive Strategies of Indirect Apology in English-Language Personal Communication
Ilyinova, E. Y., Volkova, O. S., & Litvinova, V. (2021) · Discourse · doi:10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-4-131-144 · Cited by 1
Movimientos de apoyo y focalización: un estudio contrastivo en español y alemán
Pi, P. B. (2021) · Pragmalinguistica · doi:10.25267/pragmalinguistica.2021.i29.03 · Cited by 1
A contrastive perspective on Moroccan learners’ (in) directness in their interlanguage requests
Talay, M. (2022) · Studies in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis · doi:10.48185/spda.v3i1.510 · Cited by 1
Strategies for the Act of Complaint Used by Children
Bayat, N., & BEZİRGANOĞLU, B. (2022) · Dil Eğitimi ve Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.31464/jlere.1161692 · Cited by 1
Li, Q. (2023) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.1304.27 · Cited by 1
Shahrokhi, M., & Khodadadi, B. (2023) · International Journal of Speech Technology · doi:10.1007/s10772-023-10029-w · Cited by 2
“While certain cultural norms may see some speech acts as polite, others may view them as impolite (Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984).”
BackgroundMarsily, A., & Cock, B. D. (2023) · Contrastive Pragmatics · doi:10.1163/26660393-bja10094 · Cited by 1
Expressive illocutionary acts and politeness in managerial responses to online hotel reviews
Radovanović, A. M. (2023) · Círculo de lingüística aplicada a la comunicación · doi:10.5209/clac.79441 · Cited by 1
Requests as macro-speech act motivators in Qur’anic dialogues
Khafaga, A. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03025-1 · Cited by 6
“Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) maintain that such a process of request modi fi cation can be realized internally or externally to soften or increase the requestive force.”
InfluentialPROTOTYPING SORRY AS CHATTING FORMULA MISMATCHES ON WHATSAPP MESSENGER: A SOCIOPRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE
Fadilah, E. (2024) · Linguistik Indonesia · doi:10.26499/li.v42i2.587 · Cited by 1
“The data were then organized into categories, specifically focusing on the occurrences of "sorry" as WhatsApp chatting formula mismatches (Murphy, 2019) and as formula matches (Blum-Kulka and Olshtain, 1984; Trosborg; 1987) based on the parameters of apology.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExploring language use in apology strategies of tourists visiting Saudi Arabia
Fraidan, A. A. A., & Alhulaybi, A. A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319393 · Cited by 1
“Participants described adapting their language and tone to reflect the hierarchical nature of Saudi society, echoing [7] assertion that social status significantly affects the formality and content of speech acts.”
InfluentialDippold, D., Mold, F., & Ghosh, P. (2025) · Intercultural Pragmatics · doi:10.1515/ip-2025-2010 · Cited by 2
La sémantique de l’(inter)action verbale
Gălățanu, O. (2025) · Scolia · doi:10.4000/14aru · Cited by 1
Requests in Greek as a Foreign Language by Spanish/Catalan Bilinguals: The Role of Proficiency
Cañas, J., Ανδριά, Μ., & Celaya, M. L. (2025) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages11010007 · Cited by 1
“…collection, the data was coded based on Cañas’s (2025) coding scheme, which builds upon previous frameworks (e.g., Bella, 2012a, 2012b; Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984), including Direct, Conventionally Indirect (CI), and Non-Conventionally Indirect (NCI) requests, as well as external and internal…”
«El perdón sobraría donde el yerro falta». Las estrategias de petición de perdón en La Celestina
Zieliński, A. (2025) · Romanica Cracoviensia · doi:10.4467/20843917rc.25.027.22362 · Cited by 1
Raymond, C. W., & Yu, G. (2026) · Lingua · doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104105 · Cited by 1
Classifying speech acts in English–Vietnamese proverbs: A cognitive–pragmatic approach
Dang, C. N., & Le, H. (2026) · Ampersand · doi:10.1016/j.amper.2026.100264 · Cited by 1
Directives as Health Communication: A Corpus-Based Study
Tang, C., Ogiermann, E., & Efeoglu-Ozcan, E. (2026) · Corpus Pragmatics · doi:10.1007/s41701-026-00238-4 · Cited by 3
“This taxonomy is the result of many years of close analysis of experimental data eliciting directive speech acts—with earlier versions discussed by House and Kasper (1981) and Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984 )—in five languages (Canadian French, Danish, English, German and Hebrew).”
On the Use of Apology Strategies by Iranian EFL Learners: Do Gender and Proficiency Level Matter?
Bagherinejad, I., & Jadidoleslam, M. R. (2015) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.0506.20 · Cited by 1
Politic behaviour and politeness in discourse
Watts, R. J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511615184.010 · Cited by 1
Valizadeh, P., Gowhary, H., & Azizifar, A. (2015) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature · doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.5p.255 · Cited by 1
Liao, Y.-F. (2014) · ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) · Cited by 1
Mićović, M. M. (2014) · Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n13p199 · Cited by 1
“A number of common social factors such as age, gender, personal relationships, social power and status, and discourse contexts, and situations have often been incorporated into investigation of apologies (Blum-Kulka and Olshtain, 1984).”
BackgroundHelping English learners make pragmatically appropriate requests
Aubrecht, K. M. (2013) · Digital Commons - Hamline (Hamline University) · Cited by 1
Bikmen, A., & Martı, L. (2013) · Cited by 1
‘I want to skip your class’: Being polite in Korean interlanguage requests
한지원 (2009) · Linguistic Research · doi:10.17250/khisli.26.3.200912.009 · Cited by 1
Issues and directions of studies of electronic discourse
Park, Y.-Y. (2012) · Discourse and Cognition · doi:10.15718/discog.2012.19.3.103 · Cited by 1
A Pragmatic Study on College EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Requesting Behaviors in the Classrooms
Chen, C.-C., & Tseng, D. S. D. (2015) · International Journal of Languages Literature and Linguistics · doi:10.18178/ijlll.2015.1.4.48 · Cited by 1
Open or Traditional Education : Requesting in Interlanguage Pragmatics
Abuarrah, S. (2014) · Journal of the Arab American University · doi:10.12816/0020262 · Cited by 1
“Following the scales used in Blum-Kulka et al. (1989) and Trosborg (1995), the responses were classified according to the level of indirectness, ranging from the most direct, such as elliptical phrases, to the least direct, such as hints and availability questions.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA Study of the Use of Downgraders by Korean Learners of English
양소영 (2014) · Studies in English Language & Literature · doi:10.21559/aellk.2014.40.1.016 · Cited by 1
이연경 (2014) · 한국어 교육 · doi:10.18209/iakle.2014.25.1.115 · Cited by 1
A Study on Indirect Speech Act of Korean learners through Analysis of Morphosyntactic Mitigators
The Korean Society of Bilingualism, & Hwang, S. (2016) · doi:10.17296/korbil.2016..62.185 · Cited by 1
Profiling Pragmatic Competence of Foreign Language Learners
Кусевска, М., Ивановска, Б., Daskalovska, N., et al. (2016) · Romanian Journal of English Studies · doi:10.1515/rjes-2016-0011 · Cited by 1
Korean EFL Learners’ Apologies with Implication for Interlanguage Pragmatics
민수정, & 이종복 (2013) · The Journal of Studies in Language · doi:10.18627/jslg.29.2.201308.205 · Cited by 1
Multiple-choice discourse completion tasks in Japanese English language assessment
Setoguchi, E. (2008) · ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa) · Cited by 1
Domakani, M. R., & Hashemian, M. (2016) · Iranian Journal of English for Academic Purposes · Cited by 1
Pragmatic norms of request making of spoken business English in Hong Kong
Chiang, T. P. B. (2016) · Cited by 1
Biria, R., Pozveh, H., & Rajabi, B. (2017) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.0710.16 · Cited by 1
Apples and oranges: The case of written and email DCTS
Kanık, M. (2017) · Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics · doi:10.1515/psicl-2017-0015 · Cited by 1
“Bou-Franch and Lorenzo-Dus (2008: 262) assert that “only natural data [...] can really account for the complex processes involved in requesting behavior” and “DCT data cannot be treated as language in use” (Bou-Franch and Lorenzo-Dus 2008: 270). Jucker (2009: 1619) criticizes researchers by asserting that “researchers…”
BackgroundAn empirical study of business request emails in the context of Business English as a Lingua Franca
Liao, L., & Nesi, H. (2017) · doi:10.60149/wcpy4154 · Cited by 1
“In this paper we will focus particularly on the emails written by the Chinese salespeople, with reference to the three main request strategies identified by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984): Direct, Conventional Indirect, and Non-conventional Indirect.”
MethodInfluentialAn Investigation of Refusal Strategies as Used by Bahdini Kurdish and Syriac Aramaic Speakers
Shareef, D. M., Qyrio, M. I., & Ali, C. N. (2018) · Advances in Language and Literary Studies · doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.1p.89 · Cited by 1
“In other words, a refusal is realized when a speaker ‘‘denies to engage in an action proposed by the interlocutor’’ (Chen et al., 1995:121). According to Brown and Levinson (1987) the speech act of refusal is considered as a potential face-threatening act because the risk of offending the addressee is inherent in the…”
BackgroundNegative Politeness and Interpersonal Harmony—The Analysis of Request-Response in Family Discourse
Wu, Q. (2018) · OALib · doi:10.4236/oalib.1104817 · Cited by 1
Dendenne, B. (2016) · مجلة الدراسات والبحوث الاجتماعية · Cited by 1
Chinese Children's Acquisition of the Promissory Speech Act
陳, 純. (2014) · Concentric Studies in Linguistics · doi:10.6241/concentric.ling.40.2.03 · Cited by 1
Students’ beliefs on politeness – the analysis of hedging patterns used in email correspondence
Dronia, I. (2023) · Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny · doi:10.24425/kn.2019.126509 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Gender Differences in the Degree of Familiarity on Apology Strategy
Ran, A. (2019) · International Journal of English Language Teaching · doi:10.5430/ijelt.v6n2p13 · Cited by 1
I’m Sorry for My Bad English: Why Does EFL Learner Say It?
Bilfirdausi, S. A. (2019) · Advances in Language and Literary Studies · doi:10.7575//aiac.alls.v.10n.3p.101 · Cited by 3
“According to Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) apologies are post-event acts which refer to an event, has already taken place or that will take place. Since there appears to be a variation of definitions of apology, researchers provided different types of apology strategies. Olshtain and Cohen (1983) classified apology s…”
BackgroundInfluentialErsch, C. M., Jehle, N., Grein, M., et al. (2019) · Frank & Timme eBooks · doi:10.26530/oapen_1005797 · Cited by 1
Pragmatika és pszicholingvisztika összekapcsolódásának változatai
Pléh, C. (2020) · Magyar Nyelvőr · doi:10.38143/nyr.2020.1.86 · Cited by 1
دراسة تداولية اجتماعية لخطاب الطلاق في النصوص الدينية والتشريعية
Zaidan, M. H., & Alhusseini, H. A. M. (2020) · Journal of Education College Wasit University · doi:10.31185/eduj.vol4.iss41.1943 · Cited by 1
APOLOGY AND NON-APOLOGY STRATEGIES BY IRANIAN AZERBAIJANI ESL STUDENTS
Parsa, H., & Jan, J. M. (2016) · Cited by 1
Apologies as identification management: A theoretical model
Bentley, J. M., George, A. M., & Lambiase, J. J. (2021) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102025 · Cited by 1
Wulansari, W. (2021) · Celt A Journal of Culture English Language Teaching & Literature · doi:10.24167/celt.v20i1.2655 · Cited by 1
“According to (Blum-kulka & Olshtain, 1984) stated that the level of directness in Israel society is high due to influence from Hebrew, while in English using an interrogative-directive device.”
The characteristics of responses given to compliments in Udmurt
Németh, Z. (2021) · Studia Uralo-altaica · doi:10.14232/sua.2021.54.173-184 · Cited by 1
“For data collection I used the CCSARP (Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns) discourse completion tests (Blum-Kulka and Olshtain 1984), for four politeness situations, but in this study, I only discuss the results of the answers to The characteristics of responses given to…”
MethodLANGUAGE SOCIALIZATION IN FAMILY ENVIRONMENTS THROUGH TERMS OF ADDRESS TO CHILDREN
Kurniawati, W., Suhandano, S., & Kushartanti, B. (2021) · LITERA · doi:10.21831/ltr.v20i2.39455 · Cited by 1
“In addition to exclamation, greetings, and so on, Blum-kulka & Olshtain (1984) also classifies terms of address as one of the types of alerter, a linguistic device used to get the attention of speech partners.”
BackgroundRazali, I. R., & Abdullah, N. E. (2021) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i10/11454 · Cited by 1
“As explained by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), this particular strategy is categorised under the level of conventionally indirect.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPoliteness in 13–16th Century Catalan
Katalin Nagy, C. (2021) · Acta Hispanica · doi:10.14232/actahisp.2021.0.49-73 · Cited by 1
EFL learners and English email writing: developing a computerised diagnostic language assessment
Nicholas, A., Blake, J., & Mozgovoy, M. (2021) · doi:10.14705/rpnet.2021.54.1339 · Cited by 1
“The coding scheme was adapted from the CCSARP project (Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984) and Economidou-Kogetsidis (2016) for use with email data specifically, and for identifying pragmatic failure, rather than pragmatic features.”
MethodEFL Student Perceptions of Email Communication in the Academic Context in Taiwan
Huang, L.-J., & Chen, Y. (2022) · English Teaching & Learning · doi:10.1007/s42321-021-00104-3 · Cited by 1
Schauer, G. A. (2019) · English language education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23257-3_3 · Cited by 1
Sarangi, S. (1996) · John Benjamins Publishing Company eBooks · doi:10.1075/hop.1.cul1 · Cited by 1
Shahi, M. A. J., Gharagozloo, N., & Raissi, R. (2022) · Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.17509/ijal.v12i1.41699 · Cited by 4
“…speech acts, request, apology and invitation are the most problematic speech acts for the EFL leaners, and they need high levels of suitability and considerable cultural and linguistic skills to use them appropriately (Amiri et al., 2015; Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984; Brown & Levinson, 1978).”
Background“Thank you for the terrific party!” – An analysis of Hungarian negative emotive words
Szabó, M. K., Vincze, V., & Bibok, K. (2022) · Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory · doi:10.1515/cllt-2022-0013 · Cited by 1
νῦν τὰ σὰ γούναθ' ἱκάνομαι. Análisis pragmático de los actos de habla de súplica en la «Telemaquia»
de Madrid, U. A., & Fornieles, M. M. (2022) · Revista Española de Lingüística · doi:10.31810/rsel.52.2.4 · Cited by 1
Metapragmatics Instructions in Leveraging English Proficiency on Apology
Fadilah, E. (2022) · Linguistic English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal · doi:10.31539/leea.v6i1.4800 · Cited by 1
Kausar, G., & Hameed, A. (2023) · World Journal of English Language · doi:10.5430/wjel.v13n5p482 · Cited by 1
DiBartolomeo, M., Elias, V., & Jung, D. (2023) · Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics · doi:10.1075/ihll.37.03dib · Cited by 1
The Realisation of Request Strategies among Malaysian Chinese Undergraduates
Michelle, G., & Manivannan, M. L. (2023) · LSP International Journal · doi:10.11113/lspi.v10.19223 · Cited by 1
“Edmondson (1981), who first came out with the idea of the main act and supportive move, devised this coding scheme, and it was later modified by Blum-Kulka (1982), Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) and used in the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realisation Project (CCSARP) project.”
BackgroundMethodThe Interplay of Contextual Variables and Language Proficiency in Request Realization
Khavidaki, D. (2023) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440231220457 · Cited by 1
“In a pioneering study, an international team of 10 researchers (Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984) conducted ‘‘A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP).’’”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSuggestions in Kuwaiti Arabic and British English
Instructor, E. L., & Alajmi, N. M. (2024) · Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing · doi:10.36571/ajsp6516 · Cited by 1
Favor-Asking as Used by Jordanian University Students: A Socio-Pragmatic Study
(2023) · Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literature · doi:10.47012/jjmll.15.3.14 · Cited by 1
Comparing congratulatory speech in Javanese and Sundanese: influence of culture on strategies
Nofendralova, S. F., & Sartini, N. W. (2024) · Notion Journal of Linguistics Literature and Culture · doi:10.12928/notion.v6i1.9110 · Cited by 1
“Cross cultural pragmatics studies have shown that cultures across the world exhibit diverse norms and values through speech acts, which in turn give rise to varying rules of appropriateness (Blum-kulka & Olshtain, 1984; Wierzbicka, 2003).”
BackgroundSotoca-Fernández, D. (2024) · Corpus Pragmatics · doi:10.1007/s41701-024-00170-5 · Cited by 1
Apology Strategies Used by Native Speakers of Kabyle
Dahmani, L., & Khalaf, E. A. (2024) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.1408.09 · Cited by 1
“This result is consistent with Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) who concluded that the classification of apology strategies may be universal.”
MethodResultNoor, P. M., Maros, M., Bakar, K. A., et al. (2024) · GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies · doi:10.17576/gema-2024-2403-06 · Cited by 1
Bácsi, E. (2024) · Jelentés és Nyelvhasználat · doi:10.14232/jeny.2024.1.5 · Cited by 1
Alabdali, T. S. (2024) · International Journal of Arabic-English Studies · doi:10.33806/ijaes.v25i2.687 · Cited by 1
Muid, A., Sanusi, A., & Kadir, S. M. D. A. (2025) · An-Nabighoh Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab · doi:10.32332/an-nabighoh.v26i2.315-336 · Cited by 1
Liu, F., & Liles, X. (2025) · Lingua · doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104035 · Cited by 1
Watts, R. J. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511615184.007 · Cited by 1
Reverse discourse completion task as an assessment tool for intercultural competence
Kanık, M. (2013) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.2013.3.4.8 · Cited by 1
“The focus was either on the comparison of uses of speech acts in different languages (Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984; Cohen & Olshtain, 1981) or the comparison of learner output with that of native speakers (Blum-Kulka, 1982).”
BackgroundMethodIlić, J. (2015) · Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics · doi:10.14706/jfltal152213 · Cited by 1
Intensification of Apology Strategies in Persian: A Politeness Perspective
Shahrokhi, M. (2012) · Cited by 1
Politeness Strategies in Request Among Ga Learners of English
Akpanglo-Nartey, R. (2017) · Studies in literature and language · doi:10.3968/9542 · Cited by 1
“Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) defined request as an utterance or segment(s) that may include (a) address terms, (b) head act, (c) and adjunct(s) to head act (p.200). Request according to Trosborg (1995) is a speech act which is conveyed to make the respondent react in a way that will benefit the one who makes the req…”
BackgroundInfluentialIranian EFL Learners’ Realization of Condolence Speech Act: An Interlanguage Pragmatics Study
Sharif, M., Yarmohammadi, L., Sadighi, F., et al. (2018) · Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal · doi:10.14483/22487085.11780 · Cited by 1
Politeness research: Key trajectories and their applicability in intercultural communication
Válková, S. (2018) · Linguistik Online · doi:10.13092/lo.89.4278 · Cited by 1
Tarawneh, R. T., & Hussein, R. F. (2019) · International Journal of Linguistics · doi:10.5296/ijl.v11i1.13445 · Cited by 1
An Analysis of Non-Conventionally Indirect Request in Haikyuu!! (1st Season) Anime
Sumarti, S., & Widodo, P. (2019) · Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics · doi:10.21462/jeltl.v4i1.196 · Cited by 1
Vega, G. M. T., Campos, V., & Figueroa, V. (2019) · Calidoscópio · doi:10.4013/cld.2019.171.10 · Cited by 1
Alishah, A. R., & Hammoodi, S. (2018) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 1
Wang, K. (2019) · Canadian social science · doi:10.3968/10988 · Cited by 1
Apology Strategies Among Libyan Learners of English at Omar Al-Mukhtar University
Masaoud, A. A. Y. (2019) · International Journal of Linguistics · doi:10.5296/ijl.v11i6.15960 · Cited by 1
Albuquerque, R., & Muniz, A. (2020) · Revista SOLETRAS · doi:10.12957/soletras.2020.44231 · Cited by 1
College EFL teachers’ beliefs in making requests
Chen, C.-C. (2020) · Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.14738/assrj.74.8144 · Cited by 1
“INTRODUCTION Requesting has been seen as a complex sociolinguistic and sociocultural phenomenon [1-3,5,20].”
BackgroundA failure mode and effects analysis of pragmatic errors in learner e-mails
Nicholas, A., & Blake, J. (2020) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/20207702001 · Cited by 1
Strategies of Refusal in American English and Egyptian Arabic Discourse
Hussein, T. M. H. (2017) · CDELT Occasional Papers in the Development of English Education · doi:10.21608/opde.2017.87712 · Cited by 1
“The DCT is criticized for not giving respondents the option to choose not to respond (Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- BLUM-KULKA, S., & OLSHTAIN, E.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- ORCID
- OLSHTAIN, E.
- Venue
- Applied Linguistics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1984-03-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 196-213
- ISSN
- 0142-6001 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-450X
- OpenAlex
- W2009497647
- Semantic Scholar
- e7cd5f7d359d1521ffe4a811773667f6b8042536
- Cited by
- 1,242
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 42.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Linguistics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and Language Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Keywords
- requests, apology, speech act realization, cross-cultural pragmatics, politeness, speech acts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
