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A Systematic Review for Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Cognitive Reserve Across the Cognitive Aging Spectrum
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Cognitive reserve has been proposed to explain the discrepancy between clinical symptoms and the effects of aging or Alzheimer's pathology. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may help elucidate how neural reserve and compensation delay cognitive decline and identify brain regions associated with cognitive reserve. This systematic review evaluated neural correlates of cognitive reserve via fMRI (resting-state and task-related) studies across the cognitive aging spectrum (i.e., normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease). METHOD: This review examined published articles up to March 2017. There were 13 cross-sectional observational studies that met the inclusion criteria, including relevance to cognitive reserve, subjects 60 years or older with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and/or Alzheimer's disease, at least one quantitative measure of cognitive reserve, and fMRI as the imaging modality. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS: Across the cognitive aging spectrum, medial temporal regions and an anterior or posterior cingulate cortex-seeded default mode network were associated with neural reserve. Frontal regions and the dorsal attentional network were related to neural compensation. Compared to neural reserve, neural compensation was more common in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Neural reserve and compensation both support cognitive reserve, with compensation more common in later stages of the cognitive aging spectrum. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to investigate changes between neural reserve and compensation during the transition between clinical stages, and to explore the causal relationship between cognitive reserve and potential neural substrates.
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“The development of expertise is associated with the presence of richer and more differentiated conceptual representations, which can attenuate age-related decline in the domain of expertise.54,65–67”
From Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
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“Moreover, premorbid IQ was related to CAG independent of BAG, in line with established literature highlighting IQ as a potential proxy for cognitive reserve (Anthony & Lin, 2018).”
BackgroundCognitive resilience/reserve: Myth or reality? A review of definitions and measurement methods
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Sarraf, S., Sarraf, A., DeSouza, D. D., Anderson, J. A. E., Kabia, M., & The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimagin, A. D. N. I. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13020260 · Cited by 85
“Among various biomarkers examinations such as blood and clinical tests, neuroimaging has remained the primary approach enabling medical practitioners for early prediction of Alzheimer’s disease [11]–[14].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Anthony, M., & Lin, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Feng
- Venue
- Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-12-13
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 937-948
- ISSN
- 0887-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-5843
- PMC
- PMC6246379
- OpenAlex
- W2772804633
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NR015452, AG053193)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- cognitive reserve, neural reserve, neural compensation, cognitive aging, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, default mode network, cingulate cortex, dorsal attention network, frontal cortex, medial temporal lobe, brain regions, cognitive decline
- MeSH terms
- Cognitive Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Neuroimaging
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