Current knowledge on the acute regulation of steroidogenesis

Selvaraj, Vimal; Stocco, Douglas M; Clark, Barbara J

doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy102

Cited by 118Steroid Chemistry and BiochemistryCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Current knowledge on the acute regulation of steroidogenesis

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Selvaraj, Vimal, Stocco, Douglas M, Clark, Barbara J·2018·Biology of Reproduction

DOI 10.1093/biolre/ioy102PMC PMC6044331

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Abstract

How rapid induction of steroid hormone biosynthesis occurs in response to trophic hormone stimulation of steroidogenic cells has been a subject of intensive investigation for approximately six decades. A key observation made very early was that acute regulation of steroid biosynthesis required swift and timely synthesis of a new protein whose role appeared to be involved in the delivery of the substrate for all steroid hormones, cholesterol, from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane where the process of steroidogenesis begins. It was quickly learned that this transfer of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane was the regulated and rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis. Following this observation, the quest for this putative regulator protein(s) began in earnest in the late 1950s. This review provides a history of this quest, the candidate proteins that arose over the years and facts surrounding their rise or decline. Only two have persisted-translocator protein (TSPO) and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). We present a detailed summary of the work that has been published for each of these two proteins, the specific data that has appeared in support of their role in cholesterol transport and steroidogenesis, and the ensuing observations that have arisen in recent years that have refuted the role of TSPO in this process. We believe that the only viable candidate that has been shown to be indispensable is the StAR protein. Lastly, we provide our view on what may be the most important questions concerning the acute regulation of steroidogenesis that need to be asked in future.

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Authors: Selvaraj, V., Stocco, D. M., & Clark, B. J.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (US)
University of Louisville (US)
Corresponding author: Stocco, Douglas M
ORCID: Selvaraj, Vimal
Clark, Barbara J
Venue: Biology of Reproduction
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2018-04-27
Volume: 99
Issue: 1
Pages: 13-26
ISSN: 0006-3363 (ISSN-L)
1529-7268
DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy102
PMC: PMC6044331
OpenAlex: W2801238332
Cited by: 118
References: 192
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 0.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/about_us/legal/notices (vor)
Locations: Biology of Reproduction (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (HD17481, DK51656)
Robert A. Welch Foundation (B1–0028)
Cornell University and National Institutes of Health (DK110059)
American Heart Association (0555174B)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, stars, translocator protein (TSPO), cholesterol transport, mitochondrial membrane, steroidogenesis, steroidogenic cells
MeSH terms: Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, Animals, Biological Transport, Cholesterol, Humans, Phosphoproteins, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Receptors, GABA

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