Connections of the human orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus
Open accessAbstract
The direct connections of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were traced with diffusion tractography imaging and statistical analysis in 50 humans, to help understand better its roles in emotion and its disorders. The medial OFC and ventromedial prefrontal cortex have direct connections with the pregenual and subgenual parts of the anterior cingulate cortex; all of which are reward-related areas. The lateral OFC (OFClat) and its closely connected right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) have direct connections with the supracallosal anterior cingulate cortex; all of which are punishment or nonreward-related areas. The OFClat and rIFG also have direct connections with the right supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex, and with some premotor cortical areas, which may provide outputs for the OFClat and rIFG. Another key finding is that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex shares with the medial OFC especially strong outputs to the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, which comprise the ventral striatum, whereas the other regions have more widespread outputs to the striatum. Direct connections of the OFC and IFG were with especially the temporal pole part of the temporal lobe. The left IFG, which includes Broca's area, has direct connections with the left angular and supramarginal gyri.
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The medial OFC is connected especially with the reward-related pregenual anterior cingulate cortex.
“the medial OFC is connected especially with the reward-related pregenual anterior cingulate cortex”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
The lateral OFC and its closely related orbitofrontal part of the inferior frontal gyrus are connected especially with the non-reward and punishment-related supracallosal part of the anterior cingulate cortex.
“the lateral OFC and its closely related orbitofrontal part of the inferior frontal gyrus is connected especially with the non-reward and punishment-related supracallosal part of the anterior cingulate cortex.”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
Dividing the OFC into a medial part (areas 13 and 11) and a lateral part (area 12) is useful because connectivity-based parcellations show differences in the connectivity of these parts in humans.
“Dividing the OFC into a medial part (areas 13 and 11) and a lateral part (area 12) (based on its architectonics, Fig. 1) is useful, for connectivity-based parcellations show differences in the connectivity of these parts in humans (Hsu et al., 2020; Du et al., 2020a).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
The lateral OFC projects to the inferior frontal gyrus, to a region on the right implicated in stopping behaviour, and to a region on the left that includes Broca's area.
“The lateral OFC also projects to the inferior frontal gyrus (Hsu et al., 2020; Du et al., 2020a), to a region that on the right is implicated in stopping behaviour (Aron et al., 2014), and to a region on the left that includes Broca’s area (Hsu et al., 2020; Rolls, 2021a).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
The medial OFC and ventromedial prefrontal cortex have direct connections with the pregenual and subgenual parts of the anterior cingulate cortex, all reward-related areas.
“The medial OFC and ventromedial prefrontal cortex have direct connections with the pregenual and subgenual parts of the anterior cingulate cortex, all of which are reward-related areas.”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
The lateral OFC and its closely connected right inferior frontal gyrus have direct connections with the supracallosal anterior cingulate cortex, all punishment or non-reward-related areas.
“The lateral OFC and its closely connected right inferior frontal gyrus have direct connections with the supracallosal anterior cingulate cortex, all of which are punishment or non-reward-related areas (Hsu et al., 2020).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
Direct connections of the human OFC and inferior frontal gyrus with the temporal lobe are especially with the temporal pole.
“Direct connections of the human OFC and inferior frontal gyrus with the temporal lobe were especially with the temporal pole (Hsu et al., 2020).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
The lateral OFC and right inferior frontal gyrus also have direct connections with the right supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex, and with some premotor cortical areas, which may provide outputs for the lateral OFC and right inferior frontal gyrus.
“The lateral OFC and right inferior frontal gyrus also have direct connections with the right supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex, and with some premotor cortical areas, which may provide outputs for the lateral OFC and right inferior frontal gyrus.”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
This may be part of the route by which the orbitofrontal cortex becomes functionally connected with language areas in the posterior temporal and parietal areas.
“this may be part of the route by which the OFC, especially laterally, becomes functionally connected with language areas in the posterior temporal and parietal areas (Hsu et al., 2020; Du et al., 2020a; Rolls, 2021a).”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
The primate orbitofrontal cortex projects reward value representations to the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and punishment value representations to the supracallosal anterior cingulate cortex.
“the primate OFC projects reward value representations to the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, and punishment value representations to the supracallosal anterior cingulate cortex (Hsu et al., 2020; Du et al., 2020a)”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
The human lateral orbitofrontal cortex has considerable connectivity with inferior frontal gyrus areas 45 and 44, which in the left are Broca's area.
“the human lateral OFC has considerable connectivity with the inferior frontal gyrus areas 45 and 44 which in the left are Broca’s area”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Hsu et al., 2020
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The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression
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- Authors
- Heather Hsu, C.-C., Rolls, E. T., Huang, C.-C., Chong, S. T., Zac Lo, C.-Y., Feng, J., & Lin, C.-P.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Fudan University (CN)
- National Yang Ming University (TW)
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author
- Rolls, Edmund T
- Feng, Jianfeng
- Lin, Ching-Po
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-06-17
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5830-5843
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W3034425407
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology (109-2634-F-010-001, 108-2321-B-010-013-MY2, 108-2321-B-010-010-MY2, 108-2420-H-010-001)
- Taiwan National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX108-10611EI)
- Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Plan (17JC1404105, 17JC1404101, 16JC1420402)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0910503, 2018YFC1312900, 2019YFA0709502)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801774, 91630314)
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (18ZR1403700)
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX01)
- Zhangjiang Lab (B18015)
- Shanghai AI Platform for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, ventral striatum, supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, Broca's area, temporal pole, reward processing, punishment processing, emotions, diffusion tractography
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Prefrontal Cortex, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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