Physiological characteristics of capacity constraints in working memory as revealed by functional MRI
Abstract
A fundamental characteristic of working memory is that its capacity to handle information is limited. While there have been many brain mapping studies of working memory, the physiological basis of its capacity limitation has not been explained. We identified characteristics of working memory capacity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects. Working memory capacity was studied using a parametric 'n-back' working memory task involving increasing cognitive load and ultimately decreasing task performance. Loci within dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) evinced exclusively an 'inverted-U' shaped neurophysiological response from lowest to highest load, consistent with a capacity-constrained response. Regions outside of DLPFC, in contrast, were more heterogeneous in response and often showed early plateau or continuously increasing responses, which did not reflect capacity constraints. However, sporadic loci, including in the premotor cortex, thalamus and superior parietal lobule, also demonstrated putative capacity-constrained responses, perhaps arising as an upstream effect of DLPFC limitations or as part of a broader network-wide capacity limitation. These results demonstrate that regionally specific nodes within the working memory network are capacity-constrained in the physiological domain, providing a missing link in current explorations of the capacity characteristics of working memory.
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Tasks that require PFC involvement, confirmable to some degree by neuroimaging, should all exhibit the curvilinear component of the Yerkes-Dodson law.
“We would suggest that, as a general rule, tasks that require the involvement of the PFC, which can be confirmed to some degree by neuroimaging techniques (Callicott et al. [411]; Ranganath et al. [412]; Taylor et al. [368]; Ranganath and D'Esposito [413]; Curtis [371]), should all exhibit the curvilinear component of the Yerkes-Dodson law.”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Callicott et al. [411]
Systems that mediate working memory and other control functions can become overloaded due to capacity constraints or depleted when loads exceed an optimal range, with negative impacts on efficiency.
“However, systems that mediate working memory and other control functions can become overloaded due to capacity constraints (Callicott et al., 1999; Yun, Krystal, & Mathalon, 2010) or depleted when loads exceed an optimal range (Baumeister, Brazlavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998), with negative impacts on efficiency.”
From Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? (2012) · cites this paper as Callicott et al., 1999
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Mapping working memory-specific dysfunction using a transdiagnostic approach
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- Authors
- Callicott, J. H.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Callicott, J. H.
- ORCID
- Callicott, J. H.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-01-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-26
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2104527583
- Cited by
- 771
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 10.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- working memory capacity, capacity constraints, n-back task, cognitive load, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, working memory network, premotor cortex, thalamus, superior parietal lobule, brain activation patterns
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Reference Values
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