Cognitive Reserve in Aging
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive reserve explains why those with higher IQ, education, occupational attainment, or participation in leisure activities evidence less severe clinical or cognitive changes in the presence of age-related or Alzheimer's disease pathology. Specifically, the cognitive reserve hypothesis is that individual differences in how tasks are processed provide reserve against brain pathology. Cognitive reserve may allow for more flexible strategy usage, an ability thought to be captured by executive functions tasks. Additionally, cognitive reserve allows individuals greater neural efficiency, greater neural capacity, and the ability for compensation via the recruitment of additional brain regions. Taking cognitive reserve into account may allow for earlier detection and better characterization of age-related cognitive changes and Alzheimer's disease. Importantly, cognitive reserve is not fixed but continues to evolve across the lifespan. Thus, even late-stage interventions hold promise to boost cognitive reserve and thus reduce the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other age-related problems.
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The lifestyle factors underpinning cognitive reserve are potentially amenable to change and hence may provide a basis for preventative intervention.
“The lifestyle factors underpinning cognitive reserve are potentially amenable to change and hence may provide a basis for preventative intervention [21, 22].”
From Social Isolation and Cognitive Function in Later Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [21]
Education alone is not a comprehensive indication of cognitive reserve, and multiple proxy indicators representing reserve at different stages of life are preferable.
“Education alone is not a comprehensive indication of cognitive reserve and it is suggested that multiple proxy indicators representing reserve at different stages of life are preferable [30, 31].”
From Social isolation, cognitive reserve, and cognition in healthy older people (2018) · cites this paper as [31]
This approach is preferable as it accounts for the variance in reserve built at different stages of life.
“This approach is preferable as it accounts for the variance in reserve built at different stages of life [30, 31].”
From Social isolation, cognitive reserve, and cognition in healthy older people (2018) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- M. Tucker, A., & Stern, Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Stern, Y.
- Venue
- Current Alzheimer Research
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2011-06-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 354-360
- ISSN
- 1567-2050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3135666
- OpenAlex
- W2155397742
- Cited by
- 561
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 18.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Alzheimer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026158, Z01AG000261, T32AG00261, T32AG000261)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- cognitive reserve, cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease, executive function, neural efficiency, educational attainment, leisure, age-related cognitive decline
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Humans, Individuality, Leisure Activities, Cognitive Reserve, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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