Mapping the Hierarchical Layout of the Structural Network of the Macaque Prefrontal Cortex
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A consensus on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) holds that it is pivotal for flexible behavior and the integration of the cognitive, affective, and motivational domains. Certain models have been put forth and a dominant model postulates a hierarchical anterior-posterior gradient. The structural connectivity principles of this model dictate that increasingly anterior PFC regions exhibit more efferent connections toward posterior ones than vice versa. Such hierarchical asymmetry principles are thought to pertain to the macaque PFC. Additionally, the laminar patterns of the connectivity of PFC regions can be used for defining hierarchies. In the current study, we formally tested the asymmetry-based hierarchical principles of the anterior-posterior model by employing an exhaustive dataset on macaque PFC connectivity and tools from network science. On the one hand, the asymmetry-based principles and predictions of the hierarchical anterior-posterior model were not confirmed. The wiring of the macaque PFC does not fully correspond to the principles of the model, and its asymmetry-based hierarchical layout does not follow a strict anterior-posterior gradient. On the other hand, our results suggest that the laminar-based hierarchy seems a more tenable working hypothesis for models advocating an anterior-posterior gradient. Our results can inform models of the human PFC.
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Our results are consistent with a recent modification of the rostral-caudal processing gradient described within lateral frontal cortex.
“Notably, our results are consistent with a recent modification of the rostral-caudal processing gradient described within lateral frontal cortex [59, 60].”
From Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization (2016) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Goulas, A., Uylings, H. B. M., & Stiers, P.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Goulas, Alexandros
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-12-20
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1178-1194
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2158661816
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- prefrontal cortex, macaque, structural connectivity, anterior-posterior gradient, hierarchy, network topology, efferent connections
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Macaca, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Prefrontal Cortex, Datasets as Topic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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