Cytoarchitecture and neural afferents of orbitofrontal cortex in the brain of the monkey
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex of the monkey can be subdivided into a caudal agranular sector, a transitional dysgranular sector, and an anterior granular sector. The neural input into these sectors was investigated with the help of large horseradish peroxidase injections that covered the different sectors of orbitofrontal cortex. The distribution of retrograde labeling showed that the majority of the cortical projections to orbitofrontal cortex arises from a restricted set of telencephalic sources, which include prefrontal cortex, lateral, and inferomedial temporal cortex, the temporal pole, cingulate gyrus, insula, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and claustrum. The posterior portion of the orbitofrontal cortex receives additional input from the piriform cortex and the anterolateral portion from gustatory, somatosensory, and premotor areas. Thalamic projections to the orbitofrontal cortex arise from midline and intralaminar nuclei, from the anteromedial nucleus, the medial dorsal nucleus, and the pulvinar nucleus. Orbitofrontal cortex also receives projections from the hypothalamus, nucleus basalis, ventral tegmental area, the raphe nuclei, the nucleus locus coeruleus, and scattered neurons of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum. The non‐isocortical (agranular‐dysgranular) sectors of orbitofrontal cortex receive more intense projections from the non‐isocortical sectors of paralimbic areas, the hippocampus, amygdala, and midline thalamic nuclei, whereas the isocortical (granular) sector receives more intense projections from the dorsolateral prefrontal area, the granular insula, granular temporopolar cortex, posterolateral temporal cortex, and from the medial dorsal and pulvinar thalamic nuclei. Retrograde labeling within cingulate, entorhinal, and hippocampal cortices was most pronounced when the injection site extended medially into the dysgranular paraolfactory cortex of the gyrus rectus, an area that can be conceptualized as an orbitofrontal extension of the cingulate complex. These observations demonstrate that the orbitofrontal cortex has cytoarchitectonically organized projections and that it provides a convergence zone for afferents from heteromodal association and limbic areas. The diverse connections of orbitofrontal cortex are in keeping with the participation of this region in visceral, gustatory, and olfactory functions and with its importance in memory, motivation, and epileptogenesis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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The macaque pregenual region is connected with the medial aspect of the OFC on the gyrus rectus.
“The pregenual region in macaque is connected with the medial aspect of the OFC on the gyrus rectus (Morecraft et al. 1992; Carmichael and Price 1996; Cavada et al. 2000).”
From Anatomical connectivity of the subgenual cingulate region targeted with deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression (2008) · cites this paper as Morecraft et al. 1992
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- Authors
- Morecraft, R. J., Geula, C., & Mesulam, M. ‐.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mesulam, M.‐M.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-09-15
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 341-358
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W2015029893
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns020285-15)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 20285)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, cytoarchitecture, retrograde tracing, monkey brain, thalamic projections, gyrus rectus, prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, nucleus basalis of Meynert
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Brain, Frontal Lobe, Histocytochemistry, Horseradish Peroxidase, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, Neurons
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