Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical?
Open accessAbstract
The frontal lobes in the brain are a component of the cerebral system that supports goal-directed behaviour. However, their functional organization remains controversial. Recent studies have reported rostro-caudal distinctions in frontal cortex activity based on the abstractness of action representations. In addition, some have proposed that these differences reflect a hierarchical organization, whereby anterior frontal regions influence processing by posterior frontal regions during the realization of abstract action goals as motor acts. However, few have considered whether the anatomy and physiology of the frontal lobes support such a scheme. To address this gap, this Review surveys anatomical, neuroimaging, electrophysiological and developmental findings, and considers the question: could the organization of the frontal cortex be hierarchical?
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Rather than more rostral areas being further along in the processing hierarchy, two distinct hierarchical gradients of temporal- and feature-related abstraction converge in middle lateral prefrontal cortex.
“Rather than the more rostral areas being further along in the processing hierarchy [18, 19], two distinct hierarchical gradients of temporal- and feature-related abstraction converge in middle lateral prefrontal cortex [60].”
From Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
The ventral rostro-caudal gradient section describes two distinct dorsal and ventral functional pathways, so the source supports the general idea of multiple abstraction gradients. It does not identify them as separate temporal- and feature-related hierarchies converging in middle lateral prefrontal cortex; it describes the pathways as emanating from frontopolar cortex and says their functional distinction remains an open question. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe principal gradient, anchored at one end by the DMN, contains within it several local processing gradients already described within the temporal and frontal lobes.
“dients that have already been described within the temporal and frontal lobes [12-15, 17-19].”
From Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
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- [11]Petrides M Pandya DN Stuss DT Knight RT Principles of Frontal Lobe Function 31 50 Oxford University Press New York 2002
- [31]Christoff K Keramatian K Bunge SA Wallis JD Perspectives on Rule-Guided Behavior Oxford University Press New York 2007
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- Authors
- Badre, D., & D'Esposito, M.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Badre, David
- ORCID
- Badre, David
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-08-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 659-669
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- PMC
- PMC3258028
- OpenAlex
- W1990955460
- Cited by
- 946
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 3.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH063901, MH 63901)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS40813, R01NS065046, P01NS040813)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- frontal lobe, rostrocaudal gradient, hierarchy, cognitive control, goal-directed behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Frontal Lobe, Goals, Humans, Functional Laterality, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance
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