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Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Energetics Are Associated With Maximal Aerobic Capacity and Walking Speed in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Lower ambulatory performance with aging may be related to a reduced oxidative capacity within skeletal muscle. This study examined the associations between skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity and efficiency with walking performance in a group of older adults. METHODS: Thirty-seven older adults (mean age 78 years; 21 men and 16 women) completed an aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) test and measurement of preferred walking speed over 400 m. Maximal coupled (State 3; St3) mitochondrial respiration was determined by high-resolution respirometry in saponin-permeabilized myofibers obtained from percutanous biopsies of vastus lateralis (n = 22). Maximal phosphorylation capacity (ATPmax) of vastus lateralis was determined in vivo by (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 30). Quadriceps contractile volume was determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Mitochondrial efficiency (max ATP production/max O2 consumption) was characterized using ATPmax per St3 respiration (ATPmax/St3). RESULTS: In vitro St3 respiration was significantly correlated with in vivo ATPmax (r (2) = .47, p = .004). Total oxidative capacity of the quadriceps (St3*quadriceps contractile volume) was a determinant of VO2 peak (r (2) = .33, p = .006). ATPmax (r (2) = .158, p = .03) and VO2 peak (r (2) = .475, p < .0001) were correlated with preferred walking speed. Inclusion of both ATPmax/St3 and VO2 peak in a multiple linear regression model improved the prediction of preferred walking speed (r (2) = .647, p < .0001), suggesting that mitochondrial efficiency is an important determinant for preferred walking speed. CONCLUSIONS: Lower mitochondrial capacity and efficiency were both associated with slower walking speed within a group of older participants with a wide range of function. In addition to aerobic capacity, lower mitochondrial capacity and efficiency likely play roles in slowing gait speed with age.
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“Collectively, these age-related skeletal muscle deficits contribute to reductions in cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake [Vo2 peak]), exercise tolerance, and overall physical function (9, 10).”
From Combined Training Enhances Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity Independent of Age (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“recent studies have shown that loss of mitochondrial energetics in sub-optimal aging contributes to slower walking speed [[355], [356], [357], [358]], fatigability [359], multimorbidity [360], frailty [361] and sarcopenia [345,362].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [356]
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“For instance, in a prospective cohort study, walking reduced the risk of dementia in a dose-dependent manner, with walking less than 0.25 miles per day compared to walking > 2 miles per day, controlling for other risk factors [356].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [356]
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“For instance, in a prospective cohort study, walking reduced the risk of dementia in a dose-dependent manner, with walking less than 0.25 miles per day compared to walking > 2 miles per day, controlling for other risk factors [356].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [356]
In the citing paper
“Thus, evidence to date strongly implicates the mitochondria as having a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline,(Coen, Jubrias, Distefano, Amati, Mackey, Glynn, Manini, Wohlgemuth, Leeuwenburgh, Cummings, Newman, Ferrucci, Toledo, Shankland, Conley, and Goodpaster 2013) and reductions in autophagy appear to be a critical biological mechanism affecting the collective”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Coen et al. 2013
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“maximal oxygen (O2) consumption, decrease with age.(33,34) As age increases,abnormally enlarged mitochon-”
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“For permeabilized muscle fiber bundles, 5 mg of biopsy sample was permeabilized with saponin and prepped for high-resolution O2 flux, as described previously (10).”
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Self-citationMitochondria to motion: optimizing oxidative phosphorylation to improve exercise performance
Conley, K. E. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.126623 · Cited by 85
“A study of walking speed in elderly subjects found that mitochondrial efficiency was an important contributor to reduced exercise capacity (Coen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTian, Q., Mitchell, B. A., Zampino, M., Fishbein, K. W., Spencer, R. G., & Ferrucci, L. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13552 · Cited by 78
Self-citationDistefano, G., Standley, R. A., Dubé, J. J., Carnero, E. A., Ritov, V. B., Stefanovic-Racic, M., Toledo, F. G. S., Piva, S. R., Goodpaster, B. H., & Coen, P. M. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw102 · Cited by 76
Self-citationUpadhya, B., Haykowsky, M. J., Eggebeen, J., & Kitzman, D. W. (2015) · Current Heart Failure Reports · doi:10.1007/s11897-015-0257-5 · Cited by 84
Tyrrell, D. J., Bharadwaj, M. S., Horn, C. G. V., Marsh, A. P., Nicklas, B. J., & Molina, A. J. A. (2015) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2015.07.015 · Cited by 78
“For example, lower maximal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in vastus lateralis skeletal muscle is associated with reduced physical function and aerobic capacity (Joseph et al., 2012; Tyrrell et al., 2014; Coen et al., 2013).”
Roshanravan, B., Patel, K. V., Fried, L. F., Robinson‐Cohen, C., de Boer, I. H., Harris, T. B., Murphy, R. A., Satterfield, S., Goodpaster, B. H., Shlipak, M. G., et al. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw210 · Cited by 80
Self-citationFabbri, E., Chia, C. W., Spencer, R. G., Fishbein, K. W., Reiter, D. A., Cameron, D., Zane, A. C., Moore, Z. A., Gonzalez-Freire, M., Zoli, M., et al. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-0754 · Cited by 76
“Participants performed rapid and intense ballistic knee extensions (9) to maximally recruit quadriceps and rapidly deplete phosphocreatine (PCr) with minimal acidification, which were practiced at least 15 min before starting the actual examination.”
Self-citationExercise intolerance and rapid skeletal muscle energetic decline in human age-associated frailty
Lewsey, S. C., Weiss, K., Schär, M., Zhang, Y., Bottomley, P. A., Samuel, T. J., Xue, Q., Steinberg, A. M., Walston, J. D., Gerstenblith, G., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.141246 · Cited by 78
“Lower mitochondrial capacity is also associated with slower walking speeds and lower muscle strength in older individuals (41, 42).”
BackgroundSleep quality, depression and frailty among Chinese community-dwelling older adults
Liu, X., Wang, C., Qiao, X., Si, H., & Jin, Y. (2021) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.02.020 · Cited by 76
Targeting metabolism in cellular senescence, a role for intervention
Nacarelli, T., & Sell, C. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.049 · Cited by 78
“For example, respiratory function declines during aging in skeletal muscle (Porter et al., 2015) and contributes to weakened aerobic fitness and increased fatigue in humans (Coen et al., 2013,Santanasto et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSalin, K., Auer, S. K., Rudolf, A. M., Anderson, G. J., Selman, C., & Metcalfe, N. B. (2016) · Physiological and Biochemical Zoology · doi:10.1086/688769 · Cited by 80
Standley, R. A., Distéfano, G., Trevino, M. B., Chen, E., Narain, N. R., Greenwood, B. P., Kondakci, G., Tolstikov, V., Kiebish, M. A., Yu, G., et al. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa001 · Cited by 75
“Several studies have found that lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity and efficiency are associated with lower muscle quality (32), slower walking speed (33,34), and higher fatigability (35).”
Self-citationKestenbaum, B. R., Gamboa, J. L., Liu, S. Z., Ali, A. S., Shankland, E. G., Jue, T., Giulivi, C., Smith, L., Himmelfarb, J., de Boer, I. H., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.133289 · Cited by 78
Self-citationTrevino, M. B., Zhang, X., Standley, R. A., Wang, M., Han, X., Reis, F. C. G., Periasamy, M., Yu, G., Kelly, D. P., Goodpaster, B. H., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00161.2019 · Cited by 73
“However, in our human studies we routinely see correspondence between ex vivo (respiration) and in vivo ((31)P MRS) assays of mitochondrial function (12) (n 22, r(2) 0.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationSemba, R. D., Zhang, P., Adelnia, F., Sun, K., González‐Freire, M., Salem, N., Brennan, N. A., Spencer, R. G. S., Fishbein, K. W., Khadeer, M., et al. (2019) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12915 · Cited by 75
Self-citationAging Fits the Disease Criteria of the International Classification of Diseases
Khaltourina, D. A., Matveyev, Y., Alekseev, A., Cortese, F., & Ioviţă, A. (2020) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2020.111230 · Cited by 77
Vincent, G. E., Lamon, S., Gant, N., Vincent, P. J., MacDonald, J. R., Markworth, J. F., Edge, J., & Hickey, A. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00051 · Cited by 72
Metcalfe, N. B., & Olsson, M. M. (2021) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.16150 · Cited by 70
“For instance, recent research has shown that the ATP/O ratio is significantly and positively correlated with maximum aerobic capacity, muscle strength and locomotor speed in humans (Coen et al., 2013; Conley, 2016; Conley et al., 2013; Distefano et al., 2018; Zane et al., 2017).”
BackgroundOptimizing Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Resistance Training in Aging
Endo, Y., Nourmahnad, A., & Sinha, I. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00874 · Cited by 77
Biological Aging and the Future of Geriatric Psychiatry
Rutherford, B. R., Taylor, W. D., Brown, P. J., Sneed, J. R., & Roose, S. P. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw241 · Cited by 75
“These opposing trends result in progressively diminishing amounts of energy available for voluntary activities (50), leading to increased fatigability with even basic tasks and eventually to a restriction in physical activities (51).”
BackgroundRegulation of Exercise-Induced Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle
Rocchi, A., & He, C. (2017) · Current Pathobiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40139-017-0135-9 · Cited by 69
Platelet bioenergetics correlate with muscle energetics and are altered in older adults
Braganza, A., Corey, C. G., Santanasto, A. J., Distéfano, G., Coen, P. M., Glynn, N. W., Nouraie, M. S., Goodpaster, B. H., Newman, A. B., & Shiva, S. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.128248 · Cited by 68
“taneous muscle biopsy samples were obtained under local anesthesia (2% buffered lidocaine) at the University of Pittsburgh’s Clinical Translational Research Center and immediately prepped for mitochondrial respiration measurements as previously described (39, 40).”
MethodSelf-citationDeLany, J. P., Dubé, J. J., Standley, R. A., Distéfano, G., Goodpaster, B. H., Stefanović-Račić, M., Coen, P. M., & Toledo, F. G. S. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2512 · Cited by 68
“Basal (state 4) respiration was determined through the addition of glutamate (5mM), malate (2mM), succinate (10mM), and palmitoylcarnitine (25 M) (19).”
MethodSelf-citationFrailty and sarcopenia: From theory to clinical implementation and public health relevance
Cesari, M., Nobili, A., & Vitale, G. (2016) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2016.07.021 · Cited by 67
Lustgarten, M. S., Price, L. L., Chalé, A., & Fielding, R. A. (2014) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12251 · Cited by 64
“Although diminished oxidative capacity is associated with reduced physical function (Coen et al., 2013), to date, only one study has investigated the association between amino acids, fatty acids, or acylcarnitines with physical function in older adults, as plasma acylcarnitines were negatively associated with the SPPB…”
BackgroundInfluentialJavadov, S. A., Jang, S., Rodriguez, N., Rodríguez‐Zayas, A. E., Hernández, J. S., Krainz, T., Wipf, P., & Frontera, W. R. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.5783 · Cited by 64
“Human studies have correlated age-related declines in O2 consumption [8] and ATP synthesis [3] with reduced mitochondrial mass [9] and oxidative phosphorylation activity [10].”
BackgroundFlavolignans from Silymarin as Nrf2 Bioactivators and Their Therapeutic Applications
Vargas-Mendoza, N., Morales‐González, Á., Morales-Martínez, M., Soriano-Ursua, M. A., Delgado‐Olivares, L., Sandoval-Gallegos, E. M., Madrigal‐Bujaidar, E., Álvarez‐González, I., Madrigal‐Santillán, E., & Morales‐González, J. A. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8050122 · Cited by 65
“One of the signs of cellular aging manifests as the detriment to the functions of damage repair in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) [51,52] under certain conditions, such as the energy supply and signaling caused by high ROS levels [53].”
BackgroundDommershuijsen, L. J., Ragunathan, J., Ruiter, R., Groothof, D., Mattace-Raso, F. U. S., Ikram, M. A., & Polinder‐Bos, H. A. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111646 · Cited by 63
“Starting with age, the mechanism behind slowing of gait speed with age is multi-faceted, with studies suggesting musculoskeletal (Evans, 1997), aerobic capacity (Coen et al., 2012; Malatesta et al., 2004) and psychological factors (Brandler et al.”
BackgroundTargeting aging with urolithin A in humans: A systematic review
Kuerec, A. H., Lim, X. K., Khoo, A. L. Y., Sandalova, E., Guan, L., Feng, L., & Maier, A. B. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102406 · Cited by 66
“The decline in mitochondrial activity during aging (Nguyen et al., 2013; Short et al., 2005), specifically, the ability of mitochondria to produce ATP in muscle (Amara et al., 2007), possibly leads to physical function decline indicated by a slower walking speed (Coen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAmbrosio, F., Brown, E. H. P., Stolz, D. B., Ferrari, R., Goodpaster, B. H., Deasy, B. M., Distéfano, G., Roperti, A., Cheikhi, A., Garciafigueroa, Y., et al. (2014) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.012 · Cited by 63
“Mitochondrial respiration of freshly isolated, permebealized myofibers was evaluated using high-resolution respirometry Oxygraphy-2k (Oroboros® Instruments, Innsbruck, Austria) and Oroboros DataLab software for data acquisition and analysis (as described (24, 25)).”
MethodSelf-citationWang, E., Nyberg, S. K., Hoff, J., Zhao, J., Leivseth, G., Tørhaug, T., Husby, O. S., Helgerud, J., & Richardson, R. S. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.071 · Cited by 68
“counteracted by a reduced age-related efficiency of mitochondrial ATP production (Coen et al., 2013).”
InfluentialSalin, K., Auer, S. K., Anderson, G. J., Selman, C., & Metcalfe, N. B. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.133025 · Cited by 63
“Declines in ATP generation in skeletal muscle are known to affect locomotory capacity (Coen et al., 2013) and can explain the decrease in locomotor performance at increased temperatures in ectotherms (Bennett, 1990).”
BackgroundGancheva, S., Kahl, S., Pesta, D., Mastrototaro, L., Dewidar, B., Strassburger, K., Sabah, E., Esposito, I., Weiß, J., Sarabhai, T., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1758 · Cited by 60
Factors of Muscle Quality and Determinants of Muscle Strength: A Systematic Literature Review
Kuschel, L. B., Sonnenburg, D., & Engel, T. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10101937 · Cited by 63
Zhang, X., Trevino, M. B., Wang, M., Gardell, S. J., Ayala, J. E., Han, X., Kelly, D. P., Goodpaster, B. H., Vega, R. B., & Coen, P. M. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly051 · Cited by 58
“Permeabilized fiber bundles (1–3 mg) were prepared immediately following tissue harvest, as previously described (30,31) and as detailed in the Supplementary Material section.”
MethodSelf-citationWalking Exercise Therapy Effects on Lower Extremity Skeletal Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease
McDermott, M. M., Dayanidhi, S., Kosmac, K., Saini, S. K., Slysz, J. T., Leeuwenburgh, C., Hartnell, L. M., Sufit, R. L., & Ferrucci, L. (2021) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.318242 · Cited by 57
Self-citationMau, T., Lui, L., Distéfano, G., Kramer, P. A., Ramos, S. V., Toledo, F. G. S., Santanasto, A. J., Shankland, E. G., Marcinek, D. J., Jurczak, M. J., et al. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac238 · Cited by 52
Self-citationMucinski, J. M., Salvador, A. F., Moore, M. P., Fordham, T. M., Anderson, J. M., Shryack, G. E., Cunningham, R. P., Lastra, G., Gaballah, A. H., Diaz‐Arias, A. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.017 · Cited by 56
Mitochondrial and skeletal muscle health with advancing age
Konopka, A. R., & Nair, K. S. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.008 · Cited by 57
“, 2005a), walking capacity (Coen et al., 2012) and skeletal muscle function (Safdar et al.”
Clinical Trials Targeting Aging
Nielsen, J. L., Bakula, D., & Scheibye‐Knudsen, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2022.820215 · Cited by 53
“This aging-related process is closely associated with slowed walking speed, reduced muscle strength, and other aging phenotypes in humans (Coen et al., 2013; Kauppila et al., 2017; Zane et al., 2017; Bakula and Scheibye-Knudsen, 2020).”
BackgroundDepressive and Biopsychosocial Frailty Phenotypes: Impact on Late-life Cognitive Disorders
Panza, F., Solfrizzi, V., Sardone, R., Dibello, V., Castellana, F., Zupo, R., Stallone, R., Lampignano, L., Bortone, I., Mollica, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230312 · Cited by 57
“In older age, reduced physical activity levels and mobility [98] and greater fatigue [99] are linked to a decreased mitochondrial capacity (ATPmax) and respiration.”
Santanasto, A. J., Coen, P. M., Glynn, N. W., Conley, K. E., Jubrias, S. A., Amati, F., Strotmeyer, E. S., Boudreau, R. M., Goodpaster, B. H., & Newman, A. B. (2016) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.002 · Cited by 47
Self-citationTseng, P., Zeng, B., Zeng, B., Liao, Y., Stubbs, B., Kuo, J. S., Sun, C., Cheng, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, T., et al. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102014 · Cited by 58
Melatonin as a Potential Agent in the Treatment of Sarcopenia
Coto‐Montes, A. M., Boga, J. A., Tan, D., & Reiter, R. J. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17101771 · Cited by 52
“In this regard, it is noteworthy that slow walking speed has been adopted as a criterion for defining sarcopenia [75]; this is likely due to a mitochondrial bioenergetic decline during muscle aging [76].”
BackgroundBlood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool
Braganza, A., Annarapu, G. K., & Shiva, S. (2019) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835 · Cited by 47
Zampino, M., Semba, R. D., Adelnia, F., Spencer, R. G. S., Fishbein, K. W., Schrack, J. A., Simonsick, E. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa071 · Cited by 52
“Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In vivo 31P-MRS measurements of the concentrations of the phosphorus-containing metabolites phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and ATP, were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of the left thigh using a 3T MR scanner (Achieva, Philips Healthcare, Andover,…”
MethodSelf-citationZampino, M., Brennan, N. A., Kuo, P.-L., Spencer, R. G., Fishbein, K. W., Simonsick, E. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00208-x · Cited by 43
Self-citationHart, C. R., Layec, G., Trinity, J. D., Kwon, O. S., Zhao, J., Reese, V. R., Gifford, J. R., & Richardson, R. S. (2018) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep086905 · Cited by 44
“Prior studies have associated a decline in mitochondrial function with walking performance in older adults (Coen et al., 2013; Santanasto et al., 2016) and in patients with PAD (Hou et al., 2002), while also demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise to off-set this age-related decline in…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Coen, P. M., Jubrias, S. A., Distefano, G., Amati, F., Mackey, D. C., Glynn, N. W., Manini, T. M., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Leeuwenburgh, C., Cummings, S. R., Newman, A. B., Ferrucci, L., Toledo, F. G. S., Shankland, E., Conley, K. E., & Goodpaster, B. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Washington Medical Center (US)
- California Pacific Medical Center (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-10-09
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 447-455
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC3593613
- OpenAlex
- W2115546051
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 30.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pittsburgh (P30-AG024827, UL1RR024153, RR024153)
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (RC2AG036594, RC2AG036606, P30AG024827, P30AG028740)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR 41928, R01AR041928)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-024153, UL1RR024153)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- skeletal muscle mitochondria, mitochondrial respiration, maximal aerobic capacity, peak oxygen uptake, walking speed, older adults, mitochondrial efficiency, oxidative capacity, vastus lateralis, aging
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Biopsy, Energy Metabolism, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Male, Mitochondria, Muscle, Muscle Contraction, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Physical Fitness, Walking, Muscle, Skeletal, Quadriceps Muscle
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