Evidence for the Domains Supporting the Construct of Intrinsic Capacity
Abstract
Healthy ageing can be defined as "the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age". Functional ability (i.e., the health-related attributes that enable people to be and to do what they have reason to value) is determined by intrinsic capacity (i.e., the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of an individual), the environment (i.e., all the factors in the extrinsic world that form the context of an individual's life), and the interactions between the two. This innovative model recently proposed by the World Health Organization has the potential to substantially modify the way in which clinical practice is currently conducted, shifting from disease-centered toward function-centered paradigms. By overcoming the multiple limitations affecting the construct of disease, this novel framework may allow the worldwide dissemination of a more proactive and function-based approach toward achieving optimal health status. In order to facilitate the translation of the current theoretical model into practice, it is important to identify the inner nature of its constituting constructs. In this article, we consider intrinsic capacity. Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as background and taking into account available evidence, five domains (i.e., locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological, sensory) are identified as pivotal for capturing the individual's intrinsic capacity (and therefore also reserves) and, through this, pave the way for its objective measurement.
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Healthy aging depends on intrinsic capacity, socio-economic status, physical environment, as well as the interactions between these factors.
“healthy aging depends on intrinsic capacity, socio-economic status, physical environment, as well as the interactions between these factors [29]”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
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Avgerinou, C., Kotsani, M., Gavana, M., Andreou, M., Papageorgiou, D.-I., Roka, V., Symintiridou, D., Manolaki, C., Soulis, G., & Smyrnakis, Ε. (2020) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-020-00420-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Intrinsic capacity and 10-year mortality: Findings from a cohort of older people
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Zhou, M., Kuang, L., & Hu, N. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20075361 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Appetite Loss and Anorexia of Aging in Clinical Care: An ICFSR Task Force Report
Barreto, P. D. S., Cesari, M., Morley, J. E., Roberts, S. B., Landi, F., Cederholm, T., Rolland, Y., Vellas, B. J., & Fielding, R. A. (2022) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2022.14 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Cesari, M., Araujo de Carvalho, I., Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan, J., Cooper, C., Martin, F. C., Reginster, J.-Y., Vellas, B., & Beard, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- Department of Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Liège (BE)
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Cesari, Matteo
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-02-02
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1653-1660
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- OpenAlex
- W2791724957
- Cited by
- 745
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 148 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10082, NF-SI-0513-10085)
- Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12011/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- intrinsic capacity, healthy aging, functional capacity, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological capacity, sensory function, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Frailty, Healthy Aging, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, Disability Evaluation, Female, Health Services for the Aged, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Risk Factors, United States, Geriatric Assessment, Needs Assessment, Resilience, Psychological
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