The impact of ageing, physical activity, and pre‐frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and intramyocellular lipids in men
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Background: The exact impact of ageing on skeletal muscle phenotype and mitochondrial and lipid content remains controversial, probably because physical activity, which greatly influences muscle physiology, is rarely accounted for. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of ageing, physical activity, and pre‐frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, and mitochondrial and intramyocellular lipid content in men. Methods: Recreationally active young adult (20–30 yo; YA); active (ACT) and sedentary (SED) middle‐age (50–65 yo; MA‐ACT and MA‐SED); and older (65 + yo; 65 + ACT and 65 + SED) and pre‐frail older (65 + PF) men were recruited. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected to assess, on muscle cross sections, muscle phenotype (using myosin heavy chain isoforms immunolabelling), the fibre type‐specific content of mitochondria (by quantifying the succinate dehydrogenase stain intensity), and the fibre type‐specific lipid content (by quantifying the Oil Red O stain intensity). Results: Only 65 + SED and 65 + PF displayed significantly lower overall and type IIa fibre sizes vs. YA. 65 + SED displayed a lower type IIa fibre proportion vs. YA. MA‐SED and 65 + SED displayed a higher hybrid type IIa/IIx fibre proportion vs. YA. Sedentary and pre‐frail, but not active, men displayed lower mitochondrial content irrespective of fibre type vs. YA. 65 + SED, but not 65 + ACT, displayed a higher lipid content in type I fibres vs. YA. Finally, mitochondrial content, but not lipid content, was positively correlated with indices of muscle function, functional capacity, and insulin sensitivity across all subjects. Conclusions: Taken altogether, our results indicate that ageing in sedentary men is associated with (i) complex changes in muscle phenotype preferentially affecting type IIa fibres; (ii) a decline in mitochondrial content affecting all fibre types; and (iii) an increase in lipid content in type I fibres. They also indicate that physical activity partially protects from the effects of ageing on muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and lipid accumulation. No skeletal specific muscle phenotype of pre‐frailty was observed.
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Compared with healthy older adults, frail, mobility-impaired and high fall-risk older adults with reduced muscle performance have greater intramyocellular lipids.
“Compared to healthy older adults, studies report greater IMCLs in frail, mobility-impaired and high fall-risk older adults with reduced muscle performance, who are at increased risk of death and disability ([63, 70, 71].”
From Targeting Intramyocellular Lipids to Improve Aging Muscle Function (2025) · cites this paper as [70]
Exercise training and calorie restriction are the most efficient interventions to attenuate sarcopenia.
“the most efficient interventions to attenuate sarcopenia are exercise training [21,22,23,24] and calorie restriction [25,26,27]”
From Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- St‐Jean‐Pelletier, F., Pion, C. H., Leduc‐Gaudet, J., Sgarioto, N., Zovilé, I., Barbat‐Artigas, S., Reynaud, O., Alkaterji, F., Lemieux, F. C., Grenon, A., Gaudreau, P., Hepple, R. T., Chevalier, S., Belanger, M., Morais, J. A., Aubertin‐Leheudre, M., & Gouspillou, G.
- Affiliations
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences UQAM Quebec Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- McGill University Health Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Gouspillou, Gilles
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-09-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 213-228
- ISSN
- 2190-5991 (ISSN-L)
- 2190-6009
- PMC
- PMC5377417
- OpenAlex
- W2511955506
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 7.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Le dépôt institutionnel (Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP125986 and MOP119583)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN2014‐04668 to GG)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- aging, physical activity, pre-frailty, skeletal muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, intramyocellular lipid, myosin heavy chain isoforms, muscle fiber composition, type IIA fibers, type I muscle fibers, sedentary behavior, muscle function, insulin sensitivity, men
- MeSH terms
- Frailty, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Humans, Insulin, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Muscle, Phenotype, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Hand Strength, Lipid Metabolism, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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