Aging and physical function in type 2 diabetes: 8 years of an intensive lifestyle intervention
Open accessAbstract
Background Compared with adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus, those with the disease experience more limitations in their physical functioning (PF). Look AHEAD is a large multicenter trial that examined the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss on cardiovascular outcomes compared with diabetes support and education (DSE). Although the current study compared treatment differences between ILI and DSE on PF, the primary goal was to examine whether this effect was moderated by age and history of cardiovascular disease at enrollment. Methods Overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 5,145) were randomly assigned to either ILI or DSE. The mean (±SD) age and % females in ILI was 58.9 years (±6.9) and 59.8%; it was 58.6 years (6.8) and 59.5% in DSE. Analysis in 4,998 participants assessed the differential rates of decline in PF across a period of 8 years for the ILI and DSE groups. Results ILI resulted in improved PF compared with DSE after 1 year (p Conclusion With the exception of persons who had a history of cardiovascular disease, ILI slowed the decline in PF with type 2 diabetes mellitus despite weight regain, an effect that was stronger for older than younger participants and could translate into reductions in falls and disability.
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In age-stratified analyses of Look AHEAD, older adults in the trial (60 to early 70s) had similar benefits compared with younger people.
“In age-stratified analyses, older adults in the trial (60 to early 70s) had similar benefits compared with younger people (83,84).”
From 13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [83]
In age-stratified analyses of Look AHEAD, older adults in the trial (60 to early 70s) had similar benefits compared with younger people.
“In age-stratified analyses, older adults in the trial (60 to early 70s) had similar benefits compared with younger people (90,91).”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
Age-stratified analyses showed that older adults in the Look AHEAD trial (aged 60-70 years) experienced benefits similar to those seen for younger participants.
“Age-stratified analyses showed that older adults in the trial (aged 60–70 years) experienced benefits similar to those seen for younger participants”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [101]
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Self-citationHuber, G., & Köppel, M. (2016) · B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport · doi:10.1055/s-0042-119081
Muscle Glucose Metabolism in Metabolic Diseases
Eshima, H. (2024) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9789815313925124010003
Miller, M. E., Chen, H., Espeland, M. A., Hsu, F., Houston, D. K., Newman, A. B., Rejeski, W. J., Nicklas, B. J., & Kritchevsky, S. B. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01708-4
Self-citationSiddiqui, S. I., Tabatabaie, V., & Aleksić, S. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glag010
- Authors
- Rejeski, W. J., Bray, G. A., Chen, S.-H., Clark, J. M., Evans, M., Hill, J. O., Jakicic, J. M., Johnson, K. C., Neiberg, R., Ip, E. H., & the Look AHEAD Research Group
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-07-01
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 345-353
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC4351390
- OpenAlex
- W2171118722
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001120, UL1TR001082, UL1TR000170, 5p30dk046204-15)
- National Institute on Aging (R21AG042761)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R18HL076441)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-57171, DK 57136, DK57149, DK 57002, DK57182, DK56990, (DK 046204, DK57008, DK57177, DK 57078, DK57219, U01DK057149, DK-57178, U01DK057151, U01DK057135, U01DK057131, U01DK056990, DK-57135, U01DK057136, DK-56992, DK57154, U01DK057178, U01DK057182, U01DK057078, U01DK057154, U01DK057008, U01DK057171, DK57131, U01DK057219, U01DK056992, U01DK057177, P30DK017047, P30DK048520, DK 57151, P30-DK 48520)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR-0021140, M01RR-00051, M01RR002719, M01RR000056, M01RR01346, M01RR000051, M01RR001066, M01RR001346, UL1RR024153, M0-1-RR-02719, M01-RR01066)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, physical function, aging, intensive lifestyle intervention, diabetes support and education, weight loss, weight regain, cardiovascular disease history, older adults, Look AHEAD trial, disability, falls
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Obesity, Cohort Studies, Weight Loss
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