CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 158Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Treatment and ManagementObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Baseline characteristics of the randomised cohort from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study

Open access
Bray, George A.·2006·Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research
DOI 10.3132/dvdr.2006.031PMC PMC2660200
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective. The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study is a 16-centre randomised clinical trial in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, designed to evaluate the long-term effects (up to 11.5 years) of intensive weight loss intervention on the time to incidence of major cardiovascular events. Research design and methods. Eligibility requirements are diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (determined by self-report and verification) in individuals aged 45-74 years and body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m 2 (> 27 kg/m 2 if currently taking insulin). The intensive lifestyle intervention is designed to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. The study is designed to provide 90% probability of detecting an 18% difference in major cardiovascular disease event rates in patients randomised to the intensive lifestyle intervention compared to the control group receiving standard diabetes support and education. Results. The 5, 145 participants who were randomised between 2001 and 2004 were 63.3% white, 15.6% African-American, 13.2% Hispanic, 5.0% American Indian and 1.0% Asian-American, which closely paralleled the ethnic distribution of diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 survey. Their average age at entry was 59± 6.8 years (mean ± SD), and 60% were women. There were 31.5% between 45-55 years of age, 51.5% were 56-65, and 17.0% were 66-76 years of age. Some 15.4% of participants were taking insulin at the time of randomisation and 14.0% had a history of cardiovascular disease. More men (21.3%) than women (9.2%) had a history of cardiovascular disease. Few participants (4.4%) were current cigarette smokers, compared to 16.2% in the NHANES 1999-2000 survey. Furthermore, 65.0% of participants had a first-degree relative with diabetes. Overall, BMI averaged 36±5.9 kg/m 2 at baseline, with 83.6% of the men and 86.1% of women having a BMI > 30 kg/m 2 and 17.9% of men and 25.4% of women having a BMI > 40 kg/m 2 Conclusions. The Look AHEAD study has successfully randomised a large cohort of participants who have type 2 diabetes with a wide distribution of age, obesity, ethnicity and racial background and will examine the effects of lifestyle intervention on the incidence of major cardiovascular events.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3132/dvdr.2006.031

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The Look AHEAD trial did not achieve its primary outcome of reducing cardiovascular events.

    “While the Look AHEAD trial did not achieve its primary outcome of reducing cardiovascular events, the intensive lifestyle intervention had multiple clinical benefits that are important to the quality of life of older adults.”

    From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [85]

    The Discussion identifies cardiovascular disease or death as the trial’s primary outcome, but says participants were still to be followed and that follow-up was scheduled to end in June 2012. Searches for failure to achieve the primary outcome and for cardiovascular-event results found no passage reporting whether the intervention reduced events. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [10]Hainline A Jr, Karon J, Lippel K, editors. Manual of Laboratory Operations. 2nd ed. Lipid Research Clinics Program, Lipid and Lipoprotein Analysis, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health; [updated 1983]. [Google Scholar]

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Bray, G. A.
Affiliations
Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Corresponding author
Bray, George A.
ORCID
Bray, George A.
Venue
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2006-12
Volume
3
Issue
3
Pages
202-215
ISSN
  • 1479-1641 (ISSN-L)
  • 1752-8984
DOI
10.3132/dvdr.2006.031
PMC
PMC2660200
OpenAlex
W2006992929
Cited by
158
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
FWCI
4.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK057136, P30DK072476)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
Look AHEAD trial, type 2 diabetes, obesity, overweight, intensive lifestyle intervention, weight loss, cardiovascular disease, major adverse cardiovascular events, baseline characteristics, insulin use, cardiovascular disease history, smoking, family history of diabetes, physical activity, caloric restriction, diabetes support and education, inclusion and exclusion criteria, ethnic distribution, sex differences, age distribution, body mass index
MeSH terms
Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Data Collection, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, Patient Education as Topic, Research Design, Time Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Weight Loss, Exercise, Incidence, Caloric Restriction, Risk Reduction Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review