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Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment, progressive neurodegeneration and formation of amyloid-beta (Abeta)-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. The neurodegenerative process in AD is initially characterized by synaptic damage accompanied by neuronal loss. In addition, recent evidence suggests that alterations in adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus might play a role. Synaptic loss is one of the strongest correlates to the cognitive impairment in patients with AD. Several lines of investigation support the notion that the synaptic pathology and defective neurogenesis in AD are related to progressive accumulation of Abeta oligomers rather than fibrils. Abnormal accumulation of Abeta resulting in the formation of toxic oligomers is the result of an imbalance between the levels of Abeta production, aggregation and clearance. Abeta oligomers might lead to synaptic damage by forming pore-like structures with channel activity; alterations in glutamate receptors; circuitry hyper-excitability; mitochondrial dysfunction; lysosomal failure and alterations in signaling pathways related to synaptic plasticity, neuronal cell and neurogenesis. A number of signaling proteins, including fyn kinase; glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5), are involved in the neurodegenerative progression of AD. Therapies for AD might require the development of anti-aggregation compounds, pro-clearance pathways and blockers of hyperactive signaling pathways.
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“Due to cytosolic calcium overload, p35 splits into p25, which hyperactivates cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and leads to hyper phosphorylation of tau [6].”
From Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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“They are caused primarily by the accumulation of extracellular plaques of amyloid-b (Ab) peptide produced from the altered processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein (Crews and Masliah, 2010; Niedowicz et al., 2011).”
Backgroundc-Jun N-terminal kinase has a key role in Alzheimer disease synaptic dysfunction in vivo
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Pathogenesis of age-related HIV neurodegeneration
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“However, NPTX2 could merely reflect the AD process, while synaptic loss reliably accompanies dementia onset (Crews and Masliah, 2010; Serrano-Pozo et al., 2011; Shankar and Walsh, 2009).”
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“Patients with AD are characterized with a loss of memory, sleeping problems, mood disorders, and general confusion, which are caused by structural irregularities or damage in the synaptic connections, due to amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles [2].”
BackgroundThe Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease
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BACE1 molecular docking and anti-Alzheimer’s disease activities of ginsenosides
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Metadata
- Authors
- Crews, L., & Masliah, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Masliah, E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-04-15
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- R1
- Pages
- R12-R20
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- PMC
- PMC2875049
- OpenAlex
- W2135957529
- Cited by
- 772
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 3.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AG5131, NS4 4233, AG‐18440, AG10435, AG11385)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG010435, AG-11385, P50AG005131, AG-5131, AG 18440, AG10435)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS044233, NS-44233)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, amyloid-beta oligomers, amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, glutamate receptors, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction, synaptic plasticity, Fyn, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, anti-aggregation therapy, amyloid-beta clearance
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Neurogenesis
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