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Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment, progressive neurodegeneration and formation of amyloid-beta (Abeta)-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. The neurodegenerative process in AD is initially characterized by synaptic damage accompanied by neuronal loss. In addition, recent evidence suggests that alterations in adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus might play a role. Synaptic loss is one of the strongest correlates to the cognitive impairment in patients with AD. Several lines of investigation support the notion that the synaptic pathology and defective neurogenesis in AD are related to progressive accumulation of Abeta oligomers rather than fibrils. Abnormal accumulation of Abeta resulting in the formation of toxic oligomers is the result of an imbalance between the levels of Abeta production, aggregation and clearance. Abeta oligomers might lead to synaptic damage by forming pore-like structures with channel activity; alterations in glutamate receptors; circuitry hyper-excitability; mitochondrial dysfunction; lysosomal failure and alterations in signaling pathways related to synaptic plasticity, neuronal cell and neurogenesis. A number of signaling proteins, including fyn kinase; glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5), are involved in the neurodegenerative progression of AD. Therapies for AD might require the development of anti-aggregation compounds, pro-clearance pathways and blockers of hyperactive signaling pathways.
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“Due to cytosolic calcium overload, p35 splits into p25, which hyperactivates cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and leads to hyper phosphorylation of tau [6].”
From Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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“These oligomers can also interfere with the normal plasticity of the synapse by interrupting nutrient channels inside the neurons, axonal transport of synaptic vesicles, impairing mitochondrial functions and triggering glutamate excito-toxicity (Crews and Masliah, 2010; Crouch et al., 2008).”
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“In the present study, we demonstrate that CCL11 treatment resulted in marked activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), both of which are key regulators in the hyperphosphorylation of tau, leading to neurofibrillary tangle formation, and also important players in the phosp…”
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“Increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins, typical nuclear apoptotic bodies in neurons, and DNA fragments in neurons were observed in the autopsy the brains of AD patients (Crews & Masliah, 2010; Jellinger, 2001).”
BackgroundExercise-Induced Modulation of Neuroinflammation in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
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“Neurodegeneration encompasses several types of cellular injury in the central nervous system (CNS), including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, gliotoxicity, DNA damage, protein accumulation and apoptosis (Crews and Masliah 2010; Heneka et al. 2010; Lau and Tymianski 2010; Wang and Michaelis 2010).”
BackgroundGauci, A. J., Caruana, M., Giese, A., Scerri, C., & Vassallo, N. (2011) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-111061 · Cited by 54
“Nevertheless, great strides have been made in trying to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce AD [3].”
van Groen, T., Schemmert, S., Brener, O., Gremer, L., Ziehm, T., Tusche, M., Nagel‐Steger, L., Kadish, I., Schartmann, E., Elfgen, A., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16565-1 · Cited by 53
“Synthetic and recombinant Aβ(1-42) with >95% purity was purchased as lyophilized powder from Bachem (Germany) and Isoloid (Germany), respectively.”
MethodInfluentialThe Molecular Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Alzheimer’s Disease
Liew, A. K. Y., Teo, C. H., & Soga, T. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-03016-w · Cited by 61
“The reduction of neurogenesis throughout the progressive stages has also been recorded [43, 44].”
BackgroundDiscovering Che-1/AATF: a new attractive target for cancer therapy
Iezzi, S., & Fanciulli, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2015.00141 · Cited by 53
“This pathology is associated with extracellular aggregates of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and intraneuronal fibrillar tangles of the microtubule binding protein Tau (Crews and Masliah, 2010).”
BackgroundLiu, L., Martin, R., Kohler, G., & Chan, C. (2013) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.004 · Cited by 53
Alzheimer’s Disease: A Molecular View of β-Amyloid Induced Morbific Events
Asik, R. M., Suganthy, N., Aarifa, M. A., Kumar, A., Szigeti, K., Máthé, D., Gulyás, B. Z., Archunan, G., & Padmanabhan, P. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9091126 · Cited by 54
Mathur, R., Ince, P. G., Minett, T., Garwood, C. J., Shaw, P. J., Matthews, F. E., Brayne, C., Simpson, J. E., Wharton, S. B., & on behalf of the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Neuropathology Study Group (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118463 · Cited by 52
“AD is characterised by early damage to synapses [62,63] and dendritic atrophy [64].”
BackgroundInsights into intermediate filament regulation from development to ageing
Hyder, C. L., Isoniemi, K. O., Torvaldson, E., & Eriksson, J. (2011) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.041244 · Cited by 56
“Misregulation of Cdk5, one of the kinases targeting NFs, is considered to be important in the pathology of AD (Crews and Masliah, 2010).”
BackgroundLi, M. C., & Qian, S. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-016-0758-z · Cited by 50
A soy protein Lunasin can ameliorate amyloid-beta 42 mediated neurodegeneration in Drosophila eye
Sarkar, A., Gogia, N., Glenn, N. W., Singh, A. P., Jones, G. E., Powers, N., Srivastava, A., Singh, A., & Singh, A. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31787-7 · Cited by 52
Drosophila Models of Proteinopathies: the Little Fly that Could
Rincón-Limas, D. E., Jensen, K., & Fernández-Fúnez, P. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212799315894 · Cited by 51
“According to the “amyloid hypothesis”, accumulation of the Aß42 peptide initiates the pathogenic cascade in AD, including Tau hyperphosphorylation, aberrant cellular signaling and, ultimately, cell death [26].”
BackgroundAriga, T., Wakade, C. G., & Yu, R. K. (2011) · International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.4061/2011/193618 · Cited by 53
“In addition to the alterations in synaptic plasticity and neuronal integrity in mature neuronal circuitries, the neurodegenerative process in AD has recently been shown to be accompanied by alterations in neurogenesis [103, 104].”
BackgroundPINK1 enhances insulin-like growth factor-1-dependent Akt signaling and protection against apoptosis
Akundi, R. S., Zhi, L., & Büeler, H. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.08.034 · Cited by 52
BAD-mediated neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology
Zhang, L., Qian, Y., Li, J., Zhou, X., Xu, H. J., Yan, J., Xiang, J., Yuan, X., Sun, B., Sisodia, S. S., et al. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102942 · Cited by 54
“Overwhelming evidence shows that accumulation of Ab plaques induces progressive neuronal degeneration and synaptic loss, resulting in severe neuronal loss and subsequent memory and cognitive deficits in AD patients and animal models (Crews and Masliah, 2010).”
BackgroundSu, L., Wang, N., Han, J., & Shen, Y. (2021) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584211021018 · Cited by 51
“In AD, amyloid hypothesis holds amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide as the prime causative of AD pathology (Hardy and Selkoe 2002; Tanzi and Bertram 2005), as shown by disruptive effects of Aβ40 and Aβ42 on synaptic transmission and brain connectome (Crews and Masliah 2010; Holtzman and others 2012).”
BackgroundMisiak, M., Greeno, R. V., Baptiste, B. A., Sýkora, P., Liu, D., Cordonnier, S. A., Fang, E. F., Croteau, D. L., Mattson, M. P., & Bohr, V. A. (2016) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12541 · Cited by 50
“…(AD) is characterized by dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in brain regions involved in learning and memory, which is associated with accumulations of aggregated extracellular amyloid b-peptide (Ab) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau protein (Mattson, 2004; Crews & Masliah, 2010).”
BackgroundHuang, C., Chu, H., Ma, Y., Zhou, Z., Dai, C., Huang, X., Fang, L., Ao, Q., & Huang, D. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.08.015 · Cited by 50
Identification of BACE1 inhibitors from Panax ginseng saponins—An Insilco approach
Veerappan, K., Natarajan, S., Subramaniyam, S., Rasappan, P., Samuel, S., Kim, Y.-J., & Yang, D. (2013) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.05.009 · Cited by 49
“Alzheimer's disease (AD), a major progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia threatening the elderly population [1,2].”
BackgroundGenotoxicity Studies of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) in the Brain of Mice
Mohamed, H. R. H., & Hussien, N. A. (2016) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2016/6710840 · Cited by 49
“Crews and Masliah [31] referred to previous studies that, in familial forms of AD, PSEN mutations result in an increase of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein production or aggregation that in turn results in plaque formation and synaptotoxicity.”
BackgroundRETRACTED: A shared comparison of diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disorders
Morsi, M., Maher, A., Aboelmagd, O., Johar, D., & Bernstein, L. H. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.26261 · Cited by 52
“In addition, mitochondrial function is impaired, oxidative stress increases, and nigral pathology is enhanced by overexpression of α-synuclein.(4) Respiratory transport chain activity is reduced in HD brains.”
InfluentialRetractedGarcez, M. L., Jacobs, K. R., & Guillemin, G. J. (2019) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00057-3 · Cited by 51
The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence
Kang, J. W., & Zivkovic, A. M. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9112310 · Cited by 49
Barber, K., Mendonca, P., & Soliman, K. F. A. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13010145 · Cited by 51
“In AD, synaptic dysfunction and faulty neurogenesis are linked to the accumulation of Aβ, an imbalance between the levels of Aβ production, aggregation, and clearance results in the creation of hazardous oligomers [19].”
BackgroundTaheri, M. A., Torabi, S., Nabavi, N., & Semsarha, F. (2022) · ژورنال علمی کازمواینتل · doi:10.61450/joci.v1i2.18 · Cited by 46
Reducing Aβ load and tau phosphorylation: Emerging perspective for treating Alzheimer's disease
Kalra, J., & Khan, A. G. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.043 · Cited by 47
“…feature, where as unique lesions, involved in hippocampal formation include hirano bodies and granulovacuolar degeneration (Alzheimer 1907; Serrano-Pozo et al., 2011; Crews and Masliah, 2010) However, onset of clinical signs and symptoms of the disease is insidious evolving over many years.”
BackgroundBrain metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: The prospect of a metabolite-based therapy
Thomas, S. C., Alhasawi, A. A., Appanna, V. D., Auger, C., & Appanna, V. D. (2014) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-014-0511-7 · Cited by 51
“As individuals age, the primary source of energy shifts from solely glucose to a wide variety of metabolites including lactate, acetate and ketone bodies which support neurons in their cellular functions (21).”
Salma, J., & McDermott, J. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3609-11.2012 · Cited by 54
“Modulation of gene expression networks underlying these pivotal cellular events ultimately leading to neurodegeneration is still in its infancy (Crews and Masliah, 2010).”
BackgroundMarine-Derived Compounds with Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Activities
Ghoran, S. H., & Kijjoa, A. (2021) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md19080410 · Cited by 51
“Besides genetic and environmental factors [4,5], to date, several factors, including cholinesterase (acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase) enzymes [6], proteases with β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving cascade (β- and γ-secretases) [7], β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation [3,8], protein kinase C [9], tau protein [3,10], gl…”
BackgroundKamat, P. K., Rai, S., Swarnkar, S., Shukla, R., & Nath, C. (2014) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.012 · Cited by 46
“Progressive neurodegeneration in AD is initially characterized by synaptic damage accompanied by neuronal loss, especially in the hippocampus (Crews and Masliah, 2010).”
BackgroundMeda, S. A., Koran, M. E. I., Pryweller, J. R., Vega, J. N., & Thornton‐Wells, T. A. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.09.020 · Cited by 46
“…characterized by decreased synaptic density after injury caused by the accumulation of neuropathologic events such as astrogliosis and microglial cell proliferation, in addition to the observed amyloid and tau pathology (Blurton-Jones and LaFerla, 2006; Crews and Masliah, 2010; LaFerla, 2002 ).”
BackgroundJarosz-Griffiths, H., Corbett, N. J., Rowland, H. A., Fisher, K., Jones, A. C., Baron, J., Howell, G. J., Cowley, S. A., Chintawar, S., Cader, M. Z., et al. (2019) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.005364 · Cited by 45
“A O binding to PrPC activated Fyn kinase and caused an increase in ROS that could be blocked by promoting the shedding of PrPC with acitretin.”
BackgroundInfluentialDufort‐Gervais, J., Provost, C., Charbonneau, L., Norris, C. M., Calon, F., Mongrain, V., & Brouillette, J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63255-6 · Cited by 48
Wang, J., Liu, B., Xu, Y. X., Yang, M., Wang, C., Song, M., Liu, J., Wang, W., You, J., Sun, F., et al. (2021) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13333 · Cited by 47
“…release from histaminergic neurons via negative feedback way (Arrang et al., 1983; Morisset et al., 2000), as well as a heteroreceptor that regulates the release of other neurotransmitters (Clapham & Kilpatrick, 1992; Dai et al., 2007; Hansen et al., 2010; Schlicker et al., 1988, 1989, 1993).”
BackgroundThe Nav1.2 channel is regulated by GSK3
James, T. F., Nenov, M. N., Wildburger, N. C., Lichti, C. F., Luisi, J. D., Vergara, F., Panova-Electronova, N. I., Nilsson, C. L., Rudra, J. S., Green, T. A., et al. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.011 · Cited by 45
Do, H. T. T., Bui, B. P., Sim, S., Jung, J., Lee, H., & Cho, J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072319 · Cited by 45
Curcumin and hesperetin attenuate D-galactose-induced brain senescence in vitro and in vivo
Lee, J., Kim, Y. S., Kim, E., Kim, Y., & Kim, Y. (2020) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.438 · Cited by 41
“In addition, neuronal generation is rapidly diminished [7,8].”
BackgroundTok, S., Ahnaou, A., & Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210397 · Cited by 45
“Currently, the most accepted pathological features of AD are the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles [9], chronic neuroinflammation [10], and neurodegeneration [11].”
BackgroundCopenhaver, P. F., Anekonda, T. S., Musashe, D. T., Robinson, K. M., Ramaker, J. M., Swanson, T. L., Wadsworth, T. L., Kretzschmar, D., Woltjer, R. L., & Quinn, J. F. (2011) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.006841 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Crews, L., & Masliah, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Masliah, E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-04-15
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- R1
- Pages
- R12-R20
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- PMC
- PMC2875049
- OpenAlex
- W2135957529
- Cited by
- 772
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 3.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AG5131, NS4 4233, AG‐18440, AG10435, AG11385)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG010435, AG-11385, P50AG005131, AG-5131, AG 18440, AG10435)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS044233, NS-44233)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, amyloid-beta oligomers, amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, glutamate receptors, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction, synaptic plasticity, Fyn, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, anti-aggregation therapy, amyloid-beta clearance
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Neurogenesis
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