Exogenous Oxidation of Isomaltulose Is Lower than That of Sucrose during Exercise in Men
Open accessAbstract
Isomaltulose (ISO) is a disaccharide that is slowly digested, resulting in a slow availability for absorption. The aim of this study was to compare the blood substrate responses and exogenous carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rates from orally ingested sucrose (SUC) and ISO during moderate intensity exercise. We hypothesized that the oxidation of ISO is lower compared with SUC, resulting in lower plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and subsequent lower CHO and higher fat oxidation rates. Ten trained men [maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max), 64 +/- 1 mL/(kg body mass.min)] cycled on 3 occasions for 150 min at 59 +/- 2% VO(2)max and consumed either water (WAT) or 1 of 2 CHO solutions providing 1.1 g/min of CHO in the form of either SUC or ISO. Peak exogenous CHO oxidation rates were higher (P < 0.05) during the SUC trial (0.92 +/- 0.03 g/min) than during the ISO trial (0.54 +/- 0.05 g/min). Total endogenous CHO oxidation over the final 90 min of exercise was lower (P < 0.05) in the SUC trial (107 +/- 10 g) than in the WAT (137 +/- 7 g) and ISO (127 +/- 9 g) trials. Fat oxidation was higher during the WAT trial than during the SUC and ISO trials. ISO resulted in a lower plasma insulin response at 30 min compared with SUC, whereas the glucose response did not differ between the 2 CHO. Oxidation of ingested ISO was significantly less than that of SUC, most likely due to the lower rate of digestion of ISO. A lower CHO delivery and a small difference in plasma insulin may have resulted in higher endogenous CHO use and higher fat oxidation during the ISO trial than during the SUC trial.
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A ratio of 1-1.2 maltodextrin to 0.8-1.0 fructose seems to support the greatest rates of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise.
“These studies generally indicate a ratio of 1–1.2 for maltodextrin to 0.8–1.0 fructose seems to support the greatest rates of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise.”
From ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [60]
The Introduction (page not provided) reports that combinations of carbohydrates using different digestion and transport systems can reach high oxidation rates during exercise. It does not identify a maltodextrin-to-fructose ratio of 1–1.2 to 0.8–1.0 or establish that this ratio produces the greatest rates; the Discussion instead compares isomaltulose with sucrose. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCombinations of glucose and sucrose or maltodextrin and fructose promote greater exogenous rates of carbohydrate oxidation when compared to single sources of carbohydrate.
“Interestingly, combinations of glucose and sucrose or maltodextrin and fructose have been reported to promote greater exogenous rates of carbohydrate oxidation when compared to situations when single sources of carbohydrate are ingested [55–63].”
From ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [60]
The Introduction reports that combinations of carbohydrates using different digestion and transport systems can reach exogenous oxidation rates of about 1.7 g/min, compared with up to 1 g/min for the individual carbohydrates it discusses. It does not identify or test the specific glucose–sucrose and maltodextrin–fructose combinations named in the claim; this study compares sucrose with isomaltulose. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSuch responses have been attributed to excitation of reward and motor control centres in the brain and increased excitability of the corticomotor pathways via oral receptor stimulation.
“Such responses have been attributed to the excitation of reward and motor control centres in the brain 68 and an increased excitability of the corticomotor pathways 69 via oral receptor stimulation.”
From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Achten, J., Jentjens, R. L., Brouns, F., & Jeukendrup, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Jeukendrup, Asker E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1143-1148
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2160405802
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- isomaltulose, sucrose, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, plasma insulin, plasma glucose, physical activity, endurance exercise
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Blood Glucose, Energy Metabolism, Fats, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Humans, Insulin, Isomaltose, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Oxidation-Reduction, Solutions, Sucrose, Exercise, Cross-Over Studies, Carbohydrate Metabolism
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