Carbohydrate and exercise performance: The role of multiple transportable carbohydrates
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Carbohydrate feeding has been shown to be ergogenic, but recently substantial advances have been made in optimizing the guidelines for carbohydrate intake during prolonged exercise. RECENT FINDINGS: It was found that limitations to carbohydrate oxidation were in the absorptive process most likely because of a saturation of carbohydrate transporters. By using a combination of carbohydrates that use different intestinal transporters for absorption it was shown that carbohydrate delivery and oxidation could be increased. Studies demonstrated increases in exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates of up to 65% of glucose: fructose compared with glucose only. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates reach values of 1.75 g/min whereas previously it was thought that 1 g/min was the absolute maximum. The increased carbohydrate oxidation with multiple transportable carbohydrates was accompanied by increased fluid delivery and improved oxidation efficiency, and thus the likelihood of gastrointestinal distress may be diminished. Studies also demonstrated reduced fatigue and improved exercise performance with multiple transportable carbohydrates compared with a single carbohydrate. SUMMARY: Multiple transportable carbohydrates, ingested at high rates, can be beneficial during endurance sports in which the duration of exercise is 3 h or more.
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The rate of intake of CHO during exercise is a key factor in determining exogenous CHO oxidation, with the intestinal absorption of CHO being the limiting factor in gut delivery and subsequent utilisation in the muscle.
“The rate of intake of CHO during exercise is a key factor in determining exogenous CHO oxidation, with the intestinal absorption of CHO being the limiting factor in gut delivery and subsequent utilisation in the muscle.”
From Neither beetroot juice supplementation nor increased carbohydrate oxidation enhance economy of prolonged exercise in elite race walkers (2021) · cites this paper as [69]
Pre-intervention rates of exogenous CHO use in the elite race walker population were high in absolute comparison to findings from other studies using similar tracer technology (~1.2-1.4 g/min).
“the pre-intervention rates of exogenous CHO use in our population (mean peak of 1.47 g/min) are high in absolute comparison to findings from other studies using similar tracer technology (~1.2–1.4 g/min) [68,69].”
From Neither beetroot juice supplementation nor increased carbohydrate oxidation enhance economy of prolonged exercise in elite race walkers (2021) · cites this paper as [69]
The use of multiple transportable CHOs represents a solution to the gut bottleneck and has been associated with high rates of exogenous CHO oxidation during laboratory exercise.
“The use of “multiple transportable CHOs” (combinations of CHO sources with non-competing intestinal absorption mechanisms) represents a solution to this gut bottleneck and has been associated with high rates of exogenous CHO oxidation during laboratory exercise (for review, see [68,69])”
From Neither beetroot juice supplementation nor increased carbohydrate oxidation enhance economy of prolonged exercise in elite race walkers (2021) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Jeukendrup, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Jeukendrup, Asker E
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 452-457
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006036731
- Semantic Scholar
- 4d6c7466001c8afd5ff1e9ecdcafc6b4d9bcdb5b
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Wellcome Trust
- Royal Society
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- carbohydrate intake, exercise performance, endurance exercise, carbohydrate oxidation, glucose, fructose, carbohydrate absorption, gastrointestinal distress, fatigue, fluid delivery, ergogenic aids
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Fatigue, Fructose, Glucose, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Oxidation-Reduction, Physical Endurance, Exercise, Dietary Sucrose
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