Where Does Parkinson Disease Pathology Begin in the Brain?

Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.

Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123 · see citing works

The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Gibb, W. R., & Lees, A. J. (1988) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.51.6.745 · Cited by 3,481 · see citing works

Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson Disease

Gelb, D. J., Oliver, E., & Gilman, S. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.1.33 · Cited by 2,822 · see citing works

What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease: A clinicopathologic study

Hughes, A. J., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Daniel, S. E., & Lees, A. J. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.6.1142 · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works

Chapter 1 The emotional motor system

Holstege, G., Bandler, R., & Saper, C. B. (1996) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61855-5 · Cited by 379 · see citing works

Chapter 33 The greater limbic system, the emotional motor system and the brain

Nieuwenhuys, R. (1996) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61887-7 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease

Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777 · see citing works

National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease

Hyman, B. T., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Carrillo, M. C., Dickson, D. W., Duyckaerts, C., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., et al. (2012) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.10.007 · Cited by 3,092 · see citing works

National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer’s disease: a practical approach

Montine, T. J., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Dickson, D. W., Duyckaerts, C., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., Mirra, S. S., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0910-3 · Cited by 2,992 · see citing works

The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy

McKee, A. C., Stein, T. D., Nowinski, C. J., Stern, R. A., Daneshvar, D. H., Alvarez, V. E., Lee, H.-S., Hall, G., Wojtowicz, S. M., Baugh, C. M., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws307 · Cited by 2,098 · see citing works

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen

Braak, H., R�b, U., Gai, W. P., & Del Tredici, K. (2003) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-002-0808-2 · Cited by 1,683 · see citing works

Gastric α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology

Braak, H., de Vos, R. A. I., Bohl, J., & Del Tredici, K. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.11.012 · Cited by 1,354 · see citing works

Parkinson's disease: a dual‐hit hypothesis

Hawkes, C. H., Del Tredici, K., & Braak, H. (2007) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works

Neuropathological assessment of Parkinson’s disease: refining the diagnostic criteria

Dickson, D. W., Braak, H., Duda, J. E., Duyckaerts, C., Gasser, T., Halliday, G. M., Hardy, J., Leverenz, J. B., Del Tredici, K., Wszolek, Z. K., et al. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70238-8 · Cited by 972 · see citing works

Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism: Neuropathology

Dickson, D. W. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a009258 · Cited by 847 · see citing works

The pathological process underlying Alzheimer’s disease in individuals under thirty

Braak, H., & Del Tredici, K. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0789-4 · Cited by 812 · see citing works

Spreading of pathology in neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on human studies

Brettschneider, J., Tredici, K. D., Lee, V. M.-Y., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3887 · Cited by 790 · see citing works

Stanley Fahn Lecture 2005: the staging procedure for the inclusion body pathology associated with sporadic Parkinson’s disease reconsidered

Braak, H., Bohl, J. R., Müller, C. M., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., & Del Tredici, K. (2006) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21065 · Cited by 630 · see citing works

The bowel and beyond: The enteric nervous system in neurological disorders

Rao, M., & Gershon, M. D. (2016) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.107 · Cited by 629 · see citing works

Neuropathology of Parkinson disease

Dickson, D. W. (2018) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.033 · Cited by 623 · see citing works

Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Parkinson’s Disease

Mulak, A. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10609 · Cited by 583 · see citing works

Exploring Braak’s hypothesis of Parkinson’s disease

Rietdijk, C. D., Perez-Pardo, P., Garssen, J., van Wezel, R. J. A., & Kraneveld, A. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00037 · Cited by 395 · see citing works

Evidence that incidental Lewy body disease is pre-symptomatic Parkinson’s disease

Dickson, D. W., Fujishiro, H., DelleDonne, A., Menke, J., Ahmed, Z., Klos, K. J., Josephs, K. A., Frigerio, R., Burnett, M., Parisi, J. E., et al. (2008) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-008-0345-7 · Cited by 364 · see citing works

Inoculation of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the mouse gastrointestinal tract induces Lewy body-like aggregates in the brainstem via the vagus nerve

Uemura, N., Yagi, H., Uemura, M. T., Hatanaka, Y., Yamakado, H., & Takahashi, R. (2018) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-018-0257-5 · Cited by 328 · see citing works

Parkinson's Disease: The Dual Hit Theory Revisited

Hawkes, C. H., Del Tredici, K., & Braak, H. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04365.x · Cited by 303 · see citing works

Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Pfeiffer, R. F. (2011) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.003 · Cited by 298 · see citing works

Machine learning on brain MRI data for differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy

Salvatore, C., Cerasa, A., Castiglioni, I., Gallivanone, F., Augimeri, A., Lopez, M., Arabia, G., Morelli, M., Gilardi, M. C., & Quattrone, A. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.11.016 · Cited by 299 · see citing works

Interplay among gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier and enteric neuro-immune system: a common path to neurodegenerative diseases?

Pellegrini, C., Antonioli, L., Colucci, R., Blandizzi, C., & Fornai, M. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1856-5 · Cited by 270 · see citing works

The olfactory bulb as the entry site for prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases

Rey, N. L., Wesson, D. W., & Brundin, P. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.013 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Propagation of alpha-synuclein pathology: hypotheses, discoveries, and yet unresolved questions from experimental and human brain studies

Uchihara, T., & Giasson, B. I. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1485-1 · Cited by 249 · see citing works

α-Synuclein in gut endocrine cells and its implications for Parkinson’s disease

Chandra, R., Hiniker, A., Kuo, Y.-M., Nussbaum, R. L., & Liddle, R. A. (2017) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.92295 · Cited by 236 · see citing works

Microglial Autophagy Defect Causes Parkinson Disease-like Symptoms by Accelerating Inflammasome Activation in Mice

Cheng, J., Liao, Y., Dong, Y., Hu, H., Yang, N., Kong, X., Li, S., Li, X., Guo, J., Qin, L., et al. (2020) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2020.1719723 · Cited by 233 · see citing works

Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

Jost, W. H. (2010) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.020 · Cited by 222 · see citing works

Lewy Body Pathology in Normal Elderly Subjects

Markesbery, W. R., Jicha, G. A., Liu, H., & Schmitt, F. A. (2009) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181ac10a7 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Microbiota-gut-brain signalling in Parkinson's disease: Implications for non-motor symptoms

Felice, V. D., Quigley, E. M., Sullivan, A. M., O'Keeffe, G. W., & O'Mahony, S. M. (2016) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.012 · Cited by 205 · see citing works

Altered Proteins in the Aging Brain

Elobeid, A., Libard, S., Leino, M., Popova, S. N., & Alafuzoff, I. (2016) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlw002 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Anxiety in Parkinson’s disease: A critical review of experimental and clinical studies

Prediger, R. D. S., Matheus, F. C., Schwarzbold, M. L., Lima, M. M. S., & Vital, M. A. B. F. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.039 · Cited by 190 · see citing works

Neuronal vulnerability, pathogenesis, and Parkinson's disease

Sulzer, D., & Surmeier, D. J. (2013) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25187 · Cited by 184 · see citing works

Gastroparesis and Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

Heetun, Z. S., & Quigley, E. M. M. (2012) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.12.004 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Dopamine: A Modulator of Circadian Rhythms in the Central Nervous System

Korshunov, K. S., Blakemore, L. J., & Trombley, P. Q. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00091 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Intercellular Spread of Protein Aggregates in Neurodegenerative Disease

Davis, A. A., Leyns, C. E. G., & Holtzman, D. M. (2018) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062636 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Alzheimer's disease and alpha-synuclein pathology in the olfactory bulbs of infants, children, teens and adults ≤ 40 years in Metropolitan Mexico City. APOE4 carriers at higher risk of suicide accelerate their olfactory bulb pathology

Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., González-Maciel, A., Reynoso-Robles, R., Kulesza, R. J., Mukherjee, P. S., Torres-Jardón, R., Rönkkö, T., & Doty, R. L. (2018) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.027 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Calcium, Bioenergetics, and Parkinson’s Disease

Zampese, E., & Surmeier, D. J. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9092045 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

The pathology roadmap in Parkinson disease

Surmeier, D. J., & Sulzer, D. (2013) · Prion · doi:10.4161/pri.23582 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Within an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Brain Bank Cohort

Walt, G. S., Burris, H. M., Brady, C. B., Spencer, K. R., Alvarez, V. E., Huber, B. R., Guilderson, L., Abdul Rauf, N., Collins, D., Singh, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nly092 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Sleep-wake disturbances in common neurodegenerative diseases: a closer look at selected aspects of the neural circuitry

Zhong, G., Naismith, S. L., Rogers, N. L., & Lewis, S. J. G. (2011) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2011.04.020 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Staging Neurodegenerative Disorders: Structural, Regional, Biomarker, and Functional Progressions

Archer, T., Kostrzewa, R. M., Beninger, R. J., & Palomo, T. (2011) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-010-9190-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works