The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Open accessAbstract
The Lewy body is a distinctive neuronal inclusion that is always found in the substantia nigra and other specific brain regions in Parkinson's disease. It is mainly composed of structurally altered neurofilament, and occurs wherever there is excessive loss of neurons. It occurs in some elderly individuals and rarely in other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. In 273 brains of patients dying from disorders other than Parkinson's disease, the age-specific prevalence of Lewy bodies increased from 3.8% to 12.8% between the sixth and ninth decades. Associated pathological findings suggest that these cases of incidental Lewy body disease are presymptomatic cases of Parkinson's disease, and confirm the importance of age (time) in the evolution of the disease. In view of the common and widespread occurrence of this disorder we propose that endogenous mechanisms operating in early life may be more important than environmental agents in the pathogenesis of Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bernheimer, H., Birkmayer, W., Hornykiewicz, O., Jellinger, K. A., & SEITELBERGER, F. (1973) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(73)90175-5 · Cited by 2,650 · see citing works
Basal forebrain neurons in the dementia of Parkinson disease
Whitehouse, P. J., Hedreen, J. C., White, C. L., & Price, D. L. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410130304 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
AETIOLOGY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Calne, D., & Langston, J. W. (1983) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90802-4 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Kosaka, K., Yoshimura, M., Ikeda, K., & Budka, H. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Locus ceruleus lesions and eosinophilic inclusions in MPTP‐treated monkeys
Forno, L. S., Langston, J. W., DeLanney, L. E., Irwin, I., & Ricaurte, G. A. (1986) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410200403 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Duffy, P. E., & Tennyson, V. M. (1965) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-196507000-00003 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease in 65 pairs of twins and in a set of quadruplets
Ward, C. D., Duvoisin, R. C., Ince, S. E., Nutt, J., Eldridge, R., & Calne, D. B. (1983) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.33.7.815 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEWY BODY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Gibb, W. R. G., & Lees, A. J. (1989) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1989.tb01147.x · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationEsophageal Lewy bodies associated with ganglion cell loss in achalasia
Qualman, S. J., Haupt, H. M., Yang, P. H., & Hamilton, S. R. (1984) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(84)90079-9 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Qualman, S. J., Haupt, H. M., Yang, P. H., & Hamilton, S. R. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Dooling, E. C., Schoene, W. C., & Richardson, E. P. (1974) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1974.00490310072012 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Lewy Bodies of Parkinson's Disease Contain Neurofilament Antigens
Goldman, J. E., Yen, S.-H. C., Chiu, F., & Peress, N. S. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6308771 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease in a Scottish city.
Mutch, W. J., Dingwall-Fordyce, I., Downie, A. W., Paterson, J. G., & Roy, S. K. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6519.534 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Hirano, A. (1967) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1967.00470210008002 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Lewy bodies in cerebral cortex. Report of three cases
Kosaka, K. (1978) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00690978 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Reversible Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
Rajput, A. H. (1982) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1982.00510220042009 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The Neurotoxicity of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine in the Monkey and Man
Burns, R. S., Markey, S. P., Phillips, J. M., & Chiueh, C. C. (1984) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100046345 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
CONCENTRIC HYALINE INCLUSION BODY FORMATION IN MENTAL DISEASE ANALYSIS OF TWENTY-SEVEN CASES
Woodard, J. S. (1962) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-196207000-00012 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Bethlem, J., & Jager, W. A. D. H. (1960) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.74 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Juvenile parkinsonism--some clinical, pharmacological, and neuropathological aspects.
Yokochi, M., Narabayashi, H., Iizuka, R., & Nagatsu, T. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Parkinson’s Disease
Iams, J. F. (1972) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/52.10.1117a · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Dickson, D. W., Kress, Y., Crowe, A., & Yen, S. H. (1985) · PubMed Central · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Dopamine Systems
&NA;, &. (1987) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-198707000-00017 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical localization of neurofilament protein in neuronal degenerations
Nakazato, Y., Sasaki, A., Hirato, J., & Ishida, Y. (1984) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00695603 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Neuropathology of the locus ceruleus: a semi-quantitative study
Tomonaga, M. (1983) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/bf00313699 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The rostral mesencephalon in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease
Hunter, S. (1985) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00688956 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Smoking and Parkinson's Disease
Golbe, L. I. (1986) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1986.00520080022014 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Agamanolis, D. P., & Greenstein, J. I. (1979) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-197909000-00003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sachdev, H. S., Forno, L. S., & Kane, C. A. (1982) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.32.2.192 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Relationship of aging to Parkinson's disease.
Koller, W. C., O'Hara, R., Weiner, W. J., Lang, A. E., Nutt, J. G., Agid, Y., Bonnet, A. M., & Jankovic, J. J. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nerve Cell Death in Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System: Clinical Aspects
Agid, Y., & Blin, J. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470513422.ch2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Aluminum-induced neurofibrillary changes in axons and dendrites
Wı́sniewski, H. M., Shek, J. W., Gruca, S., & Sturman, J. A. (1984) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00685244 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The low concordance rate for Parkinson's disease in twins
Eldridge, R., & Ince, S. E. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.10.1354 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
ÜBER ZELLEIB-VERÄNDERUNGEN IM NUCLEUS COERULEUS BEI PARKINSON-SYMPTOMEN
Beheim-Schwarzbach, D. (1952) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-195212000-00017 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Neuronal Filaments in Alzheimer's, Pick's, and Parkinson's Diseases
Kahn, J., Anderton, B. H., Gibb, W. R. G., Lees, A. J., Wells, F. R., & MARSDEN, C. D. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198508223130817 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationForno, L. S., Strefling, A. M., Sternberger, L. A., Sternberger, N. H., & Eng, L. F. (1983) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-198305000-00118 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
[FAMILIAL CEREBELLAR ATROPHY WITH ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIAN AND SPINAL LESIONS].
Sigwald, J., Lapresle, J., Raverdy, P., & de Recondo, J. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hirai, S. (1968) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Liu, H. M., Ovadia, L., & Farr, L. (1983) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-198305000-00120 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- [3]3. Whitehouse PJ, Hedreen JC, White CL, Price DL. BaGal forebrain neurons in the dementia of Parkinson dii- ease. Ann Neurol 1983;13:243-8.
- [5]5. Oppenheimer D. Neuropathology of progressive auto- nomic failure. In: Bannister R, ed. Autonomic failure. Oxford University Press, London, 1983:267-83.
- [7]7. Sigwald J, Lapresle J, Raverdy P, Recondo NJ. Atrophie cerebelleuse familiale avec association de lesions nigeriennes et spinales. Presse Med 1964;72:557-62.
- [15]15. Vogt C, Vogt 0. Erkrankungen der GroBhirnrinde im Lichte der Topistik, Pathoklise und Patho- architektonik. J Psychol Neurol 1922;28:1-171.
- [23]23. Wisniewski HM, Shek JW, Grua S, Sturman JA. Aluminium-induced neurofibrillary change in axons and dendrites. Acta Neuropathol 1985;63:190-97.
- [27]27. Beheim-Schwarzbach D. Ober Zelleib-veranderungen im nucleus coeruleus bei Parkinsonian-symptomen. J Nerv Ment Dis 1952;116:619-32.
- [28]28. Hamada S, Ishii T. The Lewy body in the brain of the aged. Adv Neurol Sci 1963;7:184-6.
- [29]29. Hirai S. Ageing of the substantia nigra. Adv Neurol Sci Gibb, Lees 1968;12:845-9.
- [31]31. Tomonaga M. Neuropathology of the locus coeruleus: a semiquantitative study. J Neurol 1983;230:231-40.
- [33]33. Rajput AH, Rozdilsky B, Hornykiewicz 0, Shannak K, Lee T, Seeman P. Reversible drug-induced Parkin- sonism. Clinicopathological study of two cases. Arch Neurol 1982;39:644-6.
- [34]34. Hassler R. Zur Pathologie der Paralysis agitans und des postenzephalitischen Parkinsonismus. J Psychol Neurol 1938;48:387-476.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Kilford, L., & Lees, A. J. (1992) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.3.181 · Cited by 10,378 · see citing works
Self-citationMDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease
Postuma, R. B., Berg, D., Stern, M., Poewe, W., Olanow, C. W., Oertel, W., Obeso, J., Marek, K., Litvan, I., Lang, A. E., et al. (2015) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26424 · Cited by 7,653 · see citing works
Kalia, L. V., & Lang, A. E. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3 · Cited by 6,412 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis
Jankovic, J. (2008) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045 · Cited by 5,720 · see citing works
Dauer, W., & Przedborski, S. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00568-3 · Cited by 5,469 · see citing works
Poewe, W., Seppi, K., Tanner, C. M., Halliday, G. M., Brundin, P., Volkmann, J., Schrag, A.-E., & Lang, A. E. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.13 · Cited by 5,415 · see citing works
Overdependence on degraded gist memory in Alzheimer's disease.
Gallo, D. A., Shahid, K. R., Olson, M. A., Solomon, T. M., Schacter, D. L., & Budson, A. E. (2006) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.625 · Cited by 4,756 · see citing works
AGEING AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE: SUBSTANTIA NIGRA REGIONAL SELECTIVITY
FEARNLEY, J. M., & LEES, A. J. (1991) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/114.5.2283 · Cited by 3,529 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnostic Criteria for Parkinson Disease
Gelb, D. J., Oliver, E., & Gilman, S. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.1.33 · Cited by 2,822 · see citing works
Litvan, I., Goldman, J. G., Tröster, A. I., Schmand, B. A., Weintraub, D., Petersen, R. C., Mollenhauer, B., Adler, C. H., Marder, K., Williams‐Gray, C. H., et al. (2012) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.24893 · Cited by 2,609 · see citing works
Multicenter Analysis of Glucocerebrosidase Mutations in Parkinson's Disease
Sidransky, E., Nalls, M. A., Aasly, J. O., Aharon-Peretz, J., Annesi, G., Barbosa, E. R., Bar-Shira, A., Berg, D., Bras, J., Brice, A., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0901281 · Cited by 2,135 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease
Jenner, P. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10483 · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
Lang, A. E., & Lozano, A. M. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199810083391506 · Cited by 2,041 · see citing works
Lees, A. J., Hardy, J., & Revesz, T. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60492-x · Cited by 1,956 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease.
Limousin, P., Krack, P., Pollak, P., Benazzouz, A., Ardouin, C., Hoffmann, D., & Benabid, A. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199810153391603 · Cited by 2,030 · see citing works
Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Dugger, B. N., & Dickson, D. W. (2017) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028035 · Cited by 1,665 · see citing works
Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases
Goedert, M. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35081564 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Schrag, A. E. (2000) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.69.3.308 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Variable expression of Parkinson's disease
Jankovic, J. J., McDermott, M., Carter, J., Gauthier, S. G., Goetz, C. G., Golbe, L. I., Huber, S. J., Koller, W. C., Olanow, C. W., Shoulson, I., et al. (1990) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.40.10.1529 · Cited by 1,285 · see citing works
Rascol, O., Brooks, D. J., Korczyn, A. D., De Deyn, P. P., Clarke, C. E., & Lang, A. E. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005183422004 · Cited by 1,539 · see citing works
The accuracy of diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes in a specialist movement disorder service
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., & Lees, A. J. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf080 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Self-citationRivastigmine for Dementia Associated with Parkinson's Disease
Emre, M., Aarsland, D., Albanese, A., Byrne, E. J., Deuschl, G., Deyn, P. P. D., Durif, F., Kulisevsky, J., van Laar, T., Lees, A. J., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa041470 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology and etiology of Parkinson's disease: a review of the evidence
Wirdefeldt, K., Adami, H.-O., Cole, P., Trichopoulos, D., & Mandel, J. (2011) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9581-6 · Cited by 1,199 · see citing works
Sian, J., Dexter, D. T., Lees, A. J., Daniel, S., Agid, Y., Javoy‐Agid, F., Jenner, P., & Marsden, C. D. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360305 · Cited by 1,161 · see citing works
Self-citationDopamine: Functions, Signaling, and Association with Neurological Diseases
Klein, M. O., Battagello, D. S., Cardoso, A. R., Hauser, D. N., Bittencourt, J. C., & Correa, R. G. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Morris, H. R., Spillantini, M. G., Sue, C. M., & Williams‐Gray, C. H. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01478-2 · Cited by 1,093 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease: a dual‐hit hypothesis
Hawkes, C. H., Del Tredici, K., & Braak, H. (2007) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for parkinsonian disorders
Litvan, I., Bhatia, K. P., Burn, D. J., Goetz, C. G., Lang, A. E., McKeith, I. G., Quinn, N. P., Sethi, K. D., Shults, C. W., & Wenning, G. K. (2003) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10459 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Martínez‐Martín, P., Rodríguez‐Blázquez, C., Kurtis, M. M., Chaudhuri, К. R., & on Behalf of the NMSS Validation Group (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23462 · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
Neuropathological assessment of Parkinson’s disease: refining the diagnostic criteria
Dickson, D. W., Braak, H., Duda, J. E., Duyckaerts, C., Gasser, T., Halliday, G. M., Hardy, J., Leverenz, J. B., Del Tredici, K., Wszolek, Z. K., et al. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70238-8 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort
Williams‐Gray, C. H., Evans, J., Goris, A., Foltynie, T., Ban, M., Robbins, T. W., Brayne, C., Kolachana, B. S., Weinberger, D. R., Sawcer, S. J., et al. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp245 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
A Clinicopathologic Study of 100 Cases of Parkinson's Disease
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Blankson, S., & Lees, A. J. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540020018011 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort
Williams‐Gray, C. H., Foltynie, T., Brayne, C., Robbins, T. W., & Barker, R. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm111 · Cited by 935 · see citing works
The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
Tolosa, E., Wenning, G., & Poewe, W. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70285-4 · Cited by 902 · see citing works
Obeso, J. A., Stamelou, M., Goetz, C. G., Poewe, W., Lang, A. E., Weintraub, D., Burn, D., Halliday, G. M., Bezard, E., Przedborski, S., et al. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27115 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Frequency of Bowel Movements and the Future Risk of Parkinson’s Disease
Abbott, R. D., Petrovitch, H., White, L. R., Masaki, K. H., Tanner, C. M., Curb, J. D., Grandinetti, A., Blanchette, P. L., Popper, J. S., & Ross, G. W. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.3.456 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: The SCOPA‐AUT
Jeukens‐Visser, M., Marinus, J., Stiggelbout, A. M., & van Hilten, J. J. (2004) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20153 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Slower progression of Parkinson's disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: The REAL‐PET study
Whone, A. L., Watts, R. L., Stoessl, A. J., Davis, M. R., Reske, S. N., Nahmias, C., Lang, A. E., Rascol, O., Ribeiro, M. J., Rémy, P., et al. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10609 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rizzo, G., Copetti, M., Arcuti, S., Martino, D., Fontana, A., & Logroscino, G. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002350 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Improved accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Lewy body Parkinson’s disease
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., & Lees, A. J. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.8.1497 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Self-citationMDS task force on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: Critical review of PD‐MCI
Litvan, I., Aarsland, D., Adler, C. H., Goldman, J. G., Kulisevsky, J., Mollenhauer, B., Rodríguez‐Oroz, M., Tröster, A. I., & Weintraub, D. A. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23823 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Mapping of a gene for Parkinson's disease to chromosome 4q21-q23
Polymeropoulos, M. H., Higgins, J. J., Golbe, L. I., Johnson, W. G., Ide, S. E., Di Iorio, G., Sanges, G., Stenroos, E. S., Pho, L. T., Schaffer, A. A., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5290.1197 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Hamza, T. H., Zabetian, C. P., Tenesa, A., Laederach, A., Montimurro, J. S., Yearout, D., Kay, D. M., Doheny, K. F., Paschall, J. E., Pugh, E., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.642 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Quantifying the risk of neurodegenerative disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
Postuma, R. B., Gagnon, J., Vendette, M., Fantini, M. L., Massicotte-Marquez, J., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000340980.19702.6e · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Idiopathic hyposmia as a preclinical sign of Parkinson's disease
Ponsen, M. M., Stoffers, D., Booij, J., van Eck‐Smit, B. L. F., Wolters, E. C., & Berendse, H. W. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20160 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Williams, A., Gill, S., Varma, T., Jenkinson, C., Quinn, N., Mitchell, R., Scott, R., Ives, N., Rick, C., Daniels, J., et al. (2010) · Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70093-4 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Bains, J. S., & Shaw, C. A. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00045-3 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Chin-Chan, M., Navarro-Yepes, J., & Quintanilla‐Vega, B. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00124 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Neuropathology of Cognitively Normal Elderly
Knopman, D. S., Parisi, J. E., Salviati, A., Floriach-Robert, M., Boeve, B. F., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Dickson, D. W., Johnson, K. A., Petersen, L. E., et al. (2003) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/62.11.1087 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
The cognitive ability of an incident cohort of Parkinson’s patients in the UK. The CamPaIGN study
Foltynie, T., Brayne, C., Robbins, T. W., & Barker, R. A. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh067 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Plasma exosomal α-synuclein is likely CNS-derived and increased in Parkinson’s disease
Shi, M., Liu, C., Cook, T. J., Bullock, K. M., Zhao, Y., Ginghina, C., Li, Y., Aro, P., Dator, R., He, C., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1314-y · Cited by 676 · see citing works
El‐Agnaf, O. M. A., Salem, S. A., Paleologou, K. E., Curran, M. D., Gibson, M. J., Court, J. A., Schlossmacher, M. G., & Allsop, D. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.03-1449com · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Burton, E. J. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh088 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Where Does Parkinson Disease Pathology Begin in the Brain?
Del Tredici, K., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Bohl, J. R. E., & Braak, H. (2002) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/61.5.413 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Multiple system atrophy--the nature of the beast.
Quinn, N. P. (1989) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.52.suppl.78 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Braak, H., Bohl, J. R., Müller, C. M., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., & Del Tredici, K. (2006) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21065 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Schulz-Schaeffer, W. J. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0711-0 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Playford, E. D., Jenkins, I. H., Passingham, R. E., Nutt, J. G., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Brooks, D. J. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320206 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Savelieff, M. G., Nam, G., Kang, J., Lee, H. J., Lee, M., & Lim, M. H. (2018) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Walker, Z., Possin, K. L., Boeve, B. F., & Aarsland, D. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00462-6 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Cortical motor reorganization in akinetic patients with Parkinson's disease
Sabatini, U., Boulanouar, K., Fabre, N., Martin, F., Carel, C., Colonnese, C., Bozzao, L., Berry, I., Montastruc, J., Chollet, F., et al. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.2.394 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Accuracy of Clinical Diagnosis in Parkinsonism — A Prospective Study
Rajput, A. H., Rozdilsky, B., & Rajput, A. (1991) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100031814 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Irwin, D. J., Grossman, M., Weintraub, D. A., Hurtig, H. I., Duda, J. E., Xie, S. X., Lee, E. B., Deerlin, V. M. V., López, O. L., Kofler, J., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30291-5 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Altered proteasomal function in sporadic Parkinson’s disease
St. P. McNaught, K., Belizaire, R., Isacson, O., Jenner, P., & Olanow, C. W. (2003) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.2002.8050 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Gibb, W. R. G., & Lees, A. J. (1991) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.54.5.388 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Self-citationA biological classification of Parkinson's disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria
Höglinger, G. U., Adler, C. H., Berg, D., Klein, C., Outeiro, T. F., Poewe, W. H., Postuma, R. B., Stoessl, A. J., & Lang, A. E. (2024) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00404-0 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Jenner, P. G., Dexter, D. T., Sian, J., Schapira, A. H. V., & MARSDEN, C. D. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320714 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Lewis, S. J. G., Dove, A., Robbins, T. W., Barker, R. A., & Owen, A. M. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-15-06351.2003 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Failure of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Parkinson’s disease
McNaught, K. S. P., Olanow, C. W., Halliwell, B., Isacson, O., & Jenner, P. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35086067 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: Two-fold higher incidence in men
Baldereschi, M., Di Carlo, A., Rocca, W. A., Vanni, P., Maggi, S., Perissinotto, E., Grigoletto, F., Amaducci, L., & Inzitari, D. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.9.1358 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Detection of elevated levels of α-synuclein oligomers in CSF from patients with Parkinson disease
Tokuda, T., Qureshi, M. M., Ardah, M. T., Varghese, S., Shehab, S. A. S., Kasai, T., Ishigami, N., Tamaoka, A., Nakagawa, M., & El‐Agnaf, O. M. A. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181fd613b · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Aarsland, D., Brønnick, K., Ehrt, U., Deyn, P. P. D., Tekin, S., Emre, M., & Cummings, J. L. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.083113 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Sockeel, P. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.075929 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Morrish, P., Rakshi, J. S., Bailey, D. L., Sawle, G. V., & Brooks, D. J. (1998) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.3.314 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Collaborative Analysis of α-Synuclein Gene Promoter Variability and Parkinson Disease
Maraganore, D. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.6.661 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Low clinical diagnostic accuracy of early vs advanced Parkinson disease
Adler, C. H., Beach, T. G., Hentz, J. G., Shill, H. A., Caviness, J. N., Driver‐Dunckley, E. D., Sabbagh, M. N., Sue, L. I., Jacobson, S. A., Belden, C. M., et al. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000641 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Berg, D., Postuma, R. B., Bloem, B. R., Chan, P., Dubois, B., Gasser, T., Goetz, C. G., Halliday, G. M., Hardy, J., Lang, A. E., et al. (2014) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25844 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Tanaka, Y. (2001) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/10.9.919 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Reduced glucocerebrosidase is associated with increased α-synuclein in sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Murphy, K. E., Gysbers, A. M., Abbott, S. K., Tayebi, N., Kim, W. S., Sidransky, E., Cooper, A., Garner, B., & Halliday, G. M. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt367 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
EFNS / MDS ‐ ES recommendations for the diagnosis of P arkinson's disease
Berardelli, A., Wenning, G. K., Antonini, A., Berg, D., Bloem, B. R., Bonifati, V., Brooks, D. J., Burn, D. J., Colosimo, C., Fanciulli, A., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.12022 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease before and after levodopa
Haslinger, B. A., Erhard, P., Kämpfe, N., Boecker, H., Rummeny, E. J., Schwaiger, M., Conrad, B., & Ceballos-Baumann, A. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.3.558 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Oxidative stress: Free radical production in neural degeneration
Götz, M. E., Künig, G., Riederer, P. F., & Youdim, M. B. H. (1994) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(94)90055-8 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Signaling pathways in Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Xu, D.-C., Yong, C., Xu, Y., Chen-Yu, S., & Peng, L. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01353-3 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
The A53T α-Synuclein Mutation Increases Iron-Dependent Aggregation and Toxicity
Golts, N., Petrucelli, L., Hardy, J., Lee, J. M., Farer, M., & Wolozin, B. L. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-16-06048.2000 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Oroz, M. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.9.1777 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
A clinico-pathological study of subtypes in Parkinson's disease
Selikhova, M. V., Williams, D. R., Kempster, P. A., Holton, J. L., Révész, T., & Lees, A. J. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp234 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson's disease
Tomlinson, C. L., Patel, S., Meek, C., Herd, C. P., Clarke, C. E., Stowe, R. L., Shah, L., Sackley, C. M., Deane, K. H., Wheatley, K., et al. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002817.pub4 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
A susceptibility locus for Parkinson's disease maps to chromosome 2p13
Gasser, T., Müller‐Myhsok, B., Wszołek, Z. K., Oehlmann, R., Calne, D. B., Bonifati, V., Bereznai, B., Fabrizio, E., Vieregge, P., & Horstmann, R. D. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0398-262 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Genomewide association study for susceptibility genes contributing to familial Parkinson disease
Pankratz, N., Wilk, J., Latourelle, J., Destefano, A., Halter, C., Pugh, E., Doheny, K., Gusella, J., Nichols, W., Foroud, T., et al. (2008) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-008-0582-9 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Resting oscillatory cortico-subthalamic connectivity in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Vladimir Litvak, A., Jha, A., Eusébio, A., Oostenveld, R., Foltynie, T., Limousin, P. D., Zrinzo, L. U., Hariz, M. I., Friston, K. J., & Brown, P. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq332 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Booij, J., Tissingh, G., Boer, G. J., Speelman, J. D., Stoof, J. C., Janssen, A. G. M., Wolters, E. C., & van Royen, E. A. (1997) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.62.2.133 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Burn, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.081711 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Neuropathology underlying clinical variability in patients with synucleinopathies
Halliday, G. M., Holton, J. L., Révész, T., & Dickson, D. W. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0852-9 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Ageing, neurodegeneration and Parkinson's disease
Hindle, J. V. (2010) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afp223 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: New Concepts of Pathogenesis and Their Therapeutic Implications
Skovronsky, D., Lee, V. M. ‐., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2006) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100113 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease sleep scale—validation of the revised version PDSS‐2
Trenkwalder, C., Kohnen, R., Högl, B., Metta, V., Sixel-Döring, F., Frauscher, B., Hülsmann, J., Martínez-Martín, P., & Chaudhuri, K. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23476 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Jenkins, I. H., Fernandez, W., Playford, E. D., Lees, A. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Passingham, R. E., & Brooks, D. J. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320608 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropathology of immunohistochemically identified brainstem neurons in Parkinson's disease
Halliday, G. M., Li, Y. W., Blumbergs, P. C., JOH, T. H., Cotton, R. G. H., Howe, P. R. C., Blessing, W. W., & Geffen, L. B. (1990) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410270405 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Gray, R., Ives, N., Rick, C., Patel, S., Gray, A., Jenkinson, C., McIntosh, E., Wheatley, K., Williams, A., & Clarke, C. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60683-8 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Review: Sporadic Parkinson's disease: development and distribution ofα‐synuclein pathology
Tredici, K. D., & Braak, H. (2015) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12298 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gibb, W. R., & Lees, A. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1988-06-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 745-752
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1033142
- OpenAlex
- W2132881915
- Semantic Scholar
- 354cd1cf28ad23a8038bb3c576ff7791b3c74543
- Cited by
- 3,481
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 143 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 164 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 138 · 2017: 156 · 2016: 163 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 149 · 2013: 123 · 2012: 138
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, pathogenesis, neurofilaments, substantia nigra, incidental Lewy body disease, age-related prevalence, neuronal loss
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Brain Damage, Chronic, Inclusion Bodies, Child, Humans, Middle Aged, Nerve Degeneration, Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
