Alignments between galaxies, satellite systems and haloes
Open accessAbstract
The spatial distribution of the satellite populations of the Milky Way and Andromeda are puzzling in that they are nearly perpendicular to the discs of their central galaxies. To understand the origin of such configurations we study the alignment of the central galaxy, satellite system and dark matter halo in the largest of the ‘Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments’ (eagle) simulation. We find that centrals and their satellite systems tend to be well aligned with their haloes, with a median misalignment angle of 33° in both cases. While the centrals are better aligned with the inner 10 kpc halo, the satellite systems are better aligned with the entire halo indicating that satellites preferentially trace the outer halo. The central–satellite alignment is weak (median misalignment angle of 52°) and we find that around 20 per cent of systems have a misalignment angle larger than 78°, which is the value for the Milky Way. The central–satellite alignment is a consequence of the tendency of both components to align with the dark matter halo. As a consequence, when the central is parallel to the satellite system, it also tends to be parallel to the halo. In contrast, if the central is perpendicular to the satellite system, as in the case of the Milky Way and Andromeda, then the central–halo alignment is much weaker. Dispersion-dominated (spheroidal) centrals have a stronger alignment with both their halo and their satellites than rotation-dominated (disc) centrals. We also found that the halo, the central galaxy and the satellite system tend to be aligned with the surrounding large-scale distribution of matter, with the halo being the better aligned of the three.
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Buck, T., Dutton, A. A., & Macciò, A. V. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1232 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Shi, J., Wang, H., & Mo, H. J. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/807/1/37 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Luminous satellites. II. Spatial distribution, luminosity function, and cosmic evolution
Nierenberg, A. M., Auger, M. W., Treu, T., Marshall, P. J., Fassnacht, C. D., & Busha, M. T. (2012) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-70385 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
THE DISTRIBUTION OF SATELLITES AROUND CENTRAL GALAXIES IN A COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATION
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Wang, Y. O., Lin, W., Kang, X., Dutton, A. A., Yu, Y., & Macciò, A. V. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/786/1/8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
EVIDENCE FOR EARLY FILAMENTARY ACCRETION FROM THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY’S THIN PLANE OF SATELLITES
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Evidence for early filamentary accretion from the Andromeda galaxy’s thin plane of satellites
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DISTRIBUTION OF SATELLITE GALAXIES IN HIGH-REDSHIFT GROUPS
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A FORMATION SCENARIO FOR THE DISK OF SATELLITES: ACCRETION OF SATELLITES DURING MERGERS
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Han, J., Wang, W., Cole, S., & Frenk, C. S. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2522 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
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Caught in the rhythm: how satellites settle into a plane around their central galaxyPreprint
Welker, C., Dubois, Y., Pichon, C., et al. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1512.00400 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Self-citationThe Milky Way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
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The Missing Satellite Problem Outside of the Local Group. I. Pilot Observation
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Non-thermal radio supernova remnants of exiled Wolf–Rayet stars
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Du, M., Ho, L. C., Yu, H.-R., & Debattista, V. P. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac911e · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Jerjen, H., Deeley, S., Baumgardt, H., & Sweet, S. M. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1235 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chemaly, D., Sola, E., Belokurov, V. A., Koposov, S. E., Meyong, G., Zhang, H., & Erkal, D. (2026) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1161 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Модель гипотезы 50/50 (масса\антимасса) 9 частейPreprint
Rakhmatullin, R. (2026) · doi:10.24108/preprints-3116422
Woudenberg, H. C. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.5281/zenodo.13881902
- Authors
- Shao, S., Cautun, M., Frenk, C. S., Gao, L., Crain, R. A., Schaller, M., Schaye, J., & Theuns, T.
- Affiliations
- Durham University (GB)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Shao, Shi
- Cautun, Marius
- ORCID
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-05-24
- Volume
- 460
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 3772-3783
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2346489243
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Durham University (ST/K00042X/1, ST/K003267/1, ST/H008519/1)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (11133003, ST/K003267/1, ST/K00042X/1, ST/H008519/1, 11425312, XDB09000000)
- Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe AISBL
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (#XDB09000000)
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (AP P7/08 CHARM)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/I00162X/1, ST/H008519, ST/K00042X/1, ST/M007006/1, ST/I001573/1, ST/F010176/1, ST/L00075X/1, ST/M000966/1, ST/F001166/1, ST/H008519/1, ST/K003267/1)
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (278594, 267291)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Keywords
- galaxy alignment, satellite systems, dark matter halos, Milky Way, Andromeda, galaxy disks, spheroidal galaxies, galaxy formation and evolution, large-scale structure, EAGLE simulation
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