The slight spin of the old stellar halo
Open accessAbstract
We combine Gaia data release 1 astrometry with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images taken some ∼10–15 years earlier, to measure proper motions of stars in the halo of our Galaxy. The SDSS–Gaia proper motions have typical statistical errors of 2 mas yr−1 down to r ∼ 20 mag, and are robust to variations with magnitude and colour. Armed with this exquisite set of halo proper motions, we identify RR Lyrae, blue horizontal branch (BHB), and K giant stars in the halo, and measure their net rotation with respect to the Galactic disc. We find evidence for a gently rotating prograde signal (〈Vϕ〉 ∼ 5–25 km s−1) in the halo stars, which shows little variation with Galactocentric radius out to 50 kpc. The average rotation signal for the three populations is 〈Vϕ〉 = 14 ± 2 ± 10 (syst.) km s−1. There is also tentative evidence for a kinematic correlation with metallicity, whereby the metal richer BHB and K giant stars have slightly stronger prograde rotation than the metal poorer stars. Using the Auriga simulation suite, we find that the old (T >10 Gyr) stars in the simulated haloes exhibit mild prograde rotation, with little dependence on radius or metallicity, in general agreement with the observations. The weak halo rotation suggests that the Milky Way has a minor in situ halo component, and has undergone a relatively quiet accretion history.
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The Auriga simulations successfully reproduce many properties of observed central and satellite galaxies, such as stellar masses and star formation rates of spirals, density and kinematics of stellar haloes, and the luminosity function of MW satellites.
“The Auriga simulations successfully reproduce many properties of observed central and satellite galaxies, such as the stellar masses and star formation rates of spirals (Grand et al. 2017; Marinacci et al. 2017), the density and kinematics of stellar haloes (Deason et al. 2017; Monachesi et al. 2019b), and the luminosity function of MW satellites (Simpson et al. 2018).”
From The milky way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2 (2020) · cites this paper as Deason et al. 2017
Deason et al. is cited alongside Monachesi et al. for the density and kinematics of stellar haloes, not for the other properties in the sentence. Section 6.2 reports that the rotation of old Auriga halo stars broadly agrees with observations, supporting the kinematics portion. Section 6.1 says this paper focuses on rotation and leaves a more general analysis of simulated halo properties to a future study; it does not establish agreement in stellar-halo density. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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The angular momentum of dark haloes: merger and accretion effects
Peirani, S., Mohayaee, R., & Pacheco, J. A. D. F. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07412.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Carlin, J. L., Majewski, S. R., Casetti‐Dinescu, D. I., Law, D. R., Girard, T. M., & Patterson, R. J. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/744/1/25 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Alignments between galaxies, satellite systems and haloes
Shao, S., Cautun, M., Frenk, C. S., Gao, L., Crain, R. A., Schaller, M., Schaye, J., & Theuns, T. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1247 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Spin flips - I. Evolution of the angular momentum orientation of Milky Way-mass dark matter haloes
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Deason, A. J., van der Marel, R. P., Guhathakurta, P., Sohn, S. T., & Brown, T. M. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/766/1/24 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for a Milky Way Tidal Stream Reaching Beyond 100 kpc
Drake, A. J., Catelan, M., & Torrealba, G. (2013) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A Gaia-PS1-SDSS (GPS1) Proper Motion Catalog Covering 3/4 of the Sky
Tian, H.-J., Gupta, P., Sesar, B., Rix, H., Martin, N. F., Liu, C., Goldman, B., Platais, I., Kudritzki, R., & Waters, C. Z. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa826a · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Marinacci, F., Pakmor, R., Springel, V., & Simpson, C. M. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1136 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterizing stellar halo populations II: the age gradient in blue horizontal-branch stars
Das, P., Williams, A. A., & Binney, J. J. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2167 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Strong RR Lyrae excess in the Hercules-Aquila Cloud
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Hattori, K., Yoshii, Y., Beers, T. C., Carollo, D., & Lee, Y. S. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/763/1/l17 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
THE SEGUE K GIANT SURVEY. III. QUANTIFYING GALACTIC HALO SUBSTRUCTURE
Janesh, W., Morrison, H., Ma, Z., Rockosi, C. M., Starkenburg, E., Xue, X.-X., Rix, H., Harding, P., Beers, T. C., Johnson, J. A., et al. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/816/2/80 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Metallicity bias in the kinematics of the Milky Way stellar halo
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SAGITTARIUS STREAM THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS FROM SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY STRIPE 82
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Self-citationASTROMETRIC REDSHIFTS FOR QUASARS
Kaczmarczik, M. C., Richards, G. T., Mehta, S. S., et al. (2009) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/1/19 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sohn, S. T., van der Marel, R. P., Carlin, J. L., Majewski, S. R., Kallivayalil, N., Law, D. R., Anderson, J., & Siegel, M. H. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/803/2/56 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Stochastic angular momentum slews and flips and their effect on discs in galaxy formation models
Padilla, N. D., Salazar-Albornoz, S., Contreras, S., Cora, S. A., & Ruiz, A. N. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1321 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Modelling the Milky Way’s globular cluster system
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Rotational signature of the Milky Way stellar halo
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Sohn, S. T., van der Marel, R. P., Kallivayalil, N., et al. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/235 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A new calibration for the Blue Horizontal Branch
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A Gaia-PS1-SDSS (GPS1) Proper Motion Catalog Covering 3/4 of the Sky
Tian, H.-J., Gupta, P., Sesar, B., et al. (2017) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.06278
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Gómez F. A. et al., 2017a, preprint (arXiv:1704.08261) · arXiv
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Co-formation of the disc and the stellar halo★
Belokurov, V, Erkal, D., Evans, N. W., Koposov, S. E., & Deason, A. J. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty982 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Self-citationStreams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way
Helmi, A. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
The milky way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
Cautun, M., Benítez-Llambay, A., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., Fattahi, A., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Oman, K. A., Navarro, J. F., & Simpson, C. M. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1017 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
“…central and satellite galaxies, such as the stellar masses and star formation rates of spirals (Grand et al. 2017; Marinacci et al. 2017), the density and kinematics of stellar haloes (Deason et al. 2017; Monachesi et al. 2019b), and the luminosity function of MW satellites (Simpson et al. 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Milky Way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
Cautun, M., Benitez-Llambay, A., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., Fattahi, A., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Oman, K. A., Navarro, J. F., & Simpson, C. M. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.04557 · Cited by 335
Self-citationTango for three: Sagittarius, LMC, and the Milky Way
Vasiliev, E., Belokurov, V., & Erkal, D. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3673 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationLaporte, C. F. P., Johnston, K. V., Gómez, F. A., Garavito-Camargo, N., & Besla, G. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1574 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationThe total stellar halo mass of the Milky Way
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., & Sanders, J. L. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2793 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationThe local high-velocity tail and the Galactic escape speed
Deason, A. J., Fattahi, A., Belokurov, V., Evans, N. W., Grand, R. J. J., Marinacci, F., & Pakmor, R. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz623 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationThe gravitational force field of the Galaxy measured from the kinematics of RR Lyrae in Gaia
Wegg, C., Gerhard, O., & Bieth, M. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz572 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Detection of the LMC-induced sloshing of the Galactic halo
Erkal, D., Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., Xue, X.-X., Koposov, S. E., Bird, S. A., Liu, C., Simion, I. T., Yang, C., Zhang, L., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1828 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationCresting the wave: proper motions of the Eastern Banded Structure
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., & Koposov, S. E. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2528 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., Koposov, S. E., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J., Marinacci, F., & Pakmor, R.
- Affiliations
- Durham University (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Deason, Alis J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-05-25
- Volume
- 470
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1259-1273
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2619396253
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 7.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- European Space Agency
- European Commission (308024, 2007–2013, FP/2007/2013)
- Durham University (ST/L00075X/1, ST/K00087X/1, ST/K00042X/1, ST/K003267/1, ST/H008519/1)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FP/2007-2013)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/H008519, ST/K00042X/1, ST/N000927/1, ST/I00162X/1, ST/ K00087X/1, ST/L00075X/1, ST/N004493/1, ST/L00075X, ST/H008519/1, ST/K003267/1)
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (308024)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Keywords
- Galactic halo, halo rotation, prograde rotation, stellar proper motions, RR Lyrae stars, blue horizontal branch stars, K giants, metallicity, Auriga simulations, Milky Way accretion history, Gaia astrometry
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